Defect of the radius should be managed with either fusion of radius and ulna forming “one-bone forearm”, or restoration of its continuity by bone graft. Reported hereia are two cases in which the radius developed defect following sequestrectomy and treatment of open infected fructure respectively. Reconstruction of the radius was tried with bone graft; utilizing the ulnar end resected from the same side in one case and fibula in other. Both Sowed sound bony union of the graft about four months postoperatively.
Fibula ; Radius ; Transplants ; Ulna

BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster(HZ), caused by reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus, is manifested by dermatomal distribution of skin rashes, acute pain and post-herpetic neuralgia by pathologic involvement of the sensory ganglia. Low-energy laser(LEL) deliver a small amount of energy without elevation of the tissue temperature. LEL is reported to have various biologic effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, regenerative, antiallergic, immunocorrective, and antibacterial effects. OBJECTIVE: We attempted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of LEL on an acute phase of HZ. METHODS: A total of 60 patients with acute HZ were enrolled in the study. The control group(30 patients) received medications including analgesics, antihistamine, and topical care without LEL irradiation. The experimental group(30 patients) were irradiated with LEL daily for 7 days in addition to the same kinds of medications for the control group. The efficacy of LEL irradiation for HZ was assessed by analyzing changes in skin rashes, pain scores, and postherpetic neuralgia.
Acute Pain ; Analgesics ; Exanthema ; Ganglia, Sensory ; Herpes Zoster* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Neuralgia ; Neuralgia, Postherpetic

Phthisis bulbi, resulting from repeated ocular inflammation and infection or ocular trauma, causes various degeneration of ocular tissue as well as changes in ocular external shape. It shows the impression of scleral thickening with calcification of ocular tissue and an unusual ossification as well. Having observed 31-year-old patients of phthisis bulbi and band keratopathy caused by repeated operation after ocular trauma years ago, we extracted the tan brown colored shell-like firm tissue in posterior segment and report sclerotic impression of some of ocular tissue and histopathologic finding of the typical ossificationof ocular tissue during the course evisceration.
Adult ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

Secondary eyeball injury can be caused by head injury as well as direct injury of the eyeball or the orbit. Authors of this report have researched on 117 patients who were applied for ophthalmic examination which in care of the neurosurgical department and have researched frequency of secondary eyeball injury, association between the eyeball injury and the head injury, and favourable frequency of the eyeball injury which were developed without direct injury of the eyeball. There were 21 eyes(9.0%) with external ocular abnormality in 18 patients which included lagophthalmos, ptosis, paralytic strabismus, and there were 14 eyes(6.0 %) with posterior segment abnormality which were vitreoretinal hemorrhage, option. injury and papilledema in 11 patients. In association between the head injury and the eyeball injury, there were many external paralytic injury in basal skull injury and many posterior segment injury in cerebral parenchymal injury. After their injury, follow-up was executed in 3 month interval for 12 month. 15 eyes with external ocular abnormality and 8 eyes with posterior segment abnormality showed favourable progression. Posterior segment abnormality improved statistically significant at 3 month after injury(p<0.05). Secondary ophthalmic injury can be caused by various head injuries. Based on periodic observation, external ocular abnormality improved frequently at more than 9 months after injury. In cases of posterior segment abnormality, there was statistically significant improvement at 3 month after injury(p<0.05). Thus careful observation and treatment should be made in its early stage.
Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Orbit ; Papilledema ; Skull ; Strabismus

No abstract available.
Cesarean Section* ; Cicatrix* ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Pregnancy

Clinical studies can be conducted to gather real world evidence (RWE) not available from randomized controlled trials, providing new information and knowledge. Although the concept of RWE emerged relatively recently, numerous clinical studies are utilizing it. However, many researchers are engaging in trial and error that may not overcome the various biases that occur in electronic medical record (EMR)-based RWE studies. While RWE can reflect the real world, there are still limitations to its acceptance. There are many hurdles in using RWE and solutions must be explored. Results based on RWE may be overestimated and it can be difficult to derive good quality results. This paper discusses data quality management, direct chart review, sample size, study design, and the interpretation of EMR-based RWE. More specifically, this paper shares the experience of the various hurdles that occur when conducting RWE studies and discusses the easy-to-false errors. RWE is still in the developmental stage and numerous aspects of RWE use remain unclear. Nonetheless, despite its many limitations, increasing use of RWE is still anticipated. This will require continued experience and effort in using RWE, as well as upgrading RWE research through the accumulation of information on such experiences and efforts.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Cohort Studies ; Data Accuracy ; Electronic Health Records ; Sample Size

Background: To report the long-term clinical and radiologic results of impaction bone grafting and standard cemented polished stem for femoral revision arthroplasty in patients with extensive bone deficiency. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 47 hips that underwent femoral revision hip arthroplasty using an impaction-morselized allograft with a standard cemented polished stem. The average age at the time of revision hip arthroplasty was 55 years (range, 39–75 years). The modified Harris hip score (HHS) was used for clinical evaluation. The radiologic evaluation focused on stem subsidence, stem position, progressive radiolucent lines, bone remodeling, and the incorporation of allografts. Results: The modified HHS improved from an average of 55.04 (range, 25–79.5) preoperatively to 90.1 (range, 81–93.2) at the last follow-up. The mean follow-up duration was 13.5 years (10.9–17.8 years). The radiographic analysis revealed stable stems.Femoral stems showed an average subsidence of 3.2 mm (range, 2–8 mm) in the cement mantle. However, there was no mechanical failure or subsidence of the cement mantle in the femurs. The stem position was neutral or varus less than 5°. No progressive radiolucent line or osteolysis was observed. Evidence of cortical and trabecular remodeling was observed in all cases. There were four cases of intraoperative cracks and four cases of distal femur splitting. Conclusions Initial stem stability using impaction bone grafting and a standard cemented polished stem in femoral revision arthroplasty resulted in good outcome. Delicate impaction grafting techniques and intraoperative crack and splitting fixation are the points that need attention for successful long-term results.

The occurrence of a new skin disorder at t.he site of another unrelated and already healed skin disease is called an isotopic response. This was defined by Wolf et al in 1995. The preceding diseases are mostly herpes zosters and various other diseases, such as carcinoma, granuloma annulare can follow. There has been only one report of an acneiform eruption occurring on the healed site of herpes zoster. We report, herein, a case of acneiform eruption that had developed on a site previously affecled by herpes zoster, which is thought to be an isotopic response.
Acne Vulgaris ; Acneiform Eruptions* ; Granuloma Annulare ; Herpes Zoster* ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Wolves

Neurologic complication are associated with orthotopic liver transplantation. The purpose of this study was to show the neurological spectrum of possible contributing factors to the development of neurologic complication following liver transplantation. We retrospectively analyzed neurologic complications in 15 Korean adult patients who received liver transplantation since 1992. Thirteen of 15 patient developed neurologic complications in the postoperative period seizure(4 patients) ; tremor(4 patients) ; confusion( 5patients) ; central pontine myelinoIysis(CPM, 2 patients) ; multifactorial irreversible mental deterioration(5 patients). All of the patients with multifactorial irreversible mental deterioration expired. Their mental deterioration attributed to multiple metabolic derangement, especially hepatic failure or anoxic brain damage age and we thought that their pre-operative liver function were poorer than that of the other patients. In two of 4 patients with seizure, the fits were associated with irreversible mental deterioration. Except those 2 patients, in all of the patients with seizure, tremor or confusion, the symptoms resolved completely. In these cases, we could not determine the cause exactly. But we thought that cyclosporine or ganciclovir were possible contributing factors to the development of those complications in some case. In 2 patients with CPM, it was attributed to rapid correction of hyponatremia during intraoperative period. But in other patients without CPM, rapid rise of serum sodium level was also found. So it was possible that the frequency of CPM was underestimatd in this study.
Adult ; Cyclosporine ; Ganciclovir ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Hypoxia, Brain ; Intraoperative Period ; Liver Failure ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Sodium ; Tremor

OBJECTIVES: Changes in lung function are frequently used as biological markers to assess the health effects of criteria air pollutants. We tried to formulate the prediction models of pulmonary functions based on height, weight, age and gender, especially for children aged 12 years who are commonly selected for the study of health effects of the air pollution. METHODS: The target pulmonary function parameters were forced vital capacity(FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1). Two hundreds and fifity-eight male and 301 female 12-year old children were included in the analysis after excluding unsatisfactory tests to the criteria recommended by American Thoracic Sosiety and excluding more or less than 20% predicted value by previous prediction equations. The weight prediction equation using height as a independent variable was calculated, and then the difference of observed weight and predicted weight (i.e. residual) was used as the independent variable of pulmonary function prediction equations with height. RESULTS: The prediction equations of FVC and FEV1 for male are FVC(ml) = 50.84 x height(cm) + 7.06 x weight residual - 4838.86, FEV1(ml) = 43.57 x height(cm) + 3.16 x weight residual - 4156.66, respectively. The prediction equations of FVC and FEV1 for female are FVC(ml) = 42.57 x height(cm) + 12.50 x weight residual - 3862.39, FEV1(ml) = 36.29 x height(cm) + 7.74 x weight residual - 3200.94, respectively.
Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution ; Biomarkers ; Child* ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Lung ; Male