Since the introduction of the concept of osseointegration, the success rate of dental implant has increased dramatically. So, the uses of dental implant in the treatment of partially or fully edentulous patients have played an important role in dental rehabilitation. Regardless of high success rate of dental implant, some amounts of fixtures cannot help failing. We can classify dental implant failure according to timing, causative factor, etc. This study is focused on dental implant fixture failure, occurring during preprosthetic stage. There are various reasons that cause implant failure on this periods, such as improper patient selection, poor bone quality, and periimplantitis, etc. We investigate the survival rate of 1058 fixtures, which installed in 306 patients in our clinic from January 1997 to December 1999, according to type, sex, location, fixture length and width, using Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and to compare each other with log-rank test. Overall survival rate was 96.80%, and 33 implants failed over the preprosthetic stage. Our survey data identified posterior location of mandible as being associated with implant failure(P<0.05).
Dental Implants* ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Mandible ; Osseointegration ; Patient Selection ; Peri-Implantitis ; Rehabilitation ; Survival Rate

When we establish treatment planning of facial asymmetry, we must predict each asymmetrical element that will be changed upon coronal, axial, sagittal plane. At the visual point, prediction of the change of coronal plane is most important. It is important difference between Rt. and Lt. mandibular angle belonging to posterior coronal plane, as well as anterior coronal plane, such as upper and lower incisor, or midline of chin point. Several methods for control bulk of mandibular angle are additional angle shaving after osteotomy, grinding contact area between proximal and distal segment for decrease the volume, or bone graft for increase the volume. But, at the point of bimaxillary surgery, transverse position of posterior maxilla is an important factor for control it. So, we would report transverse movement of posterior maxilla for decrease asymmetry on the posterior coronal plane of face, that is, asymmetry of mandibular angular portion.
Chin ; Facial Asymmetry* ; Incisor ; Maxilla* ; Orthognathic Surgery* ; Osteotomy ; Transplants

Because the penetrating cervical tracheoesophageal injury may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, it is important to choose the optimal method of diagnosis and management in patient with tracheoesophageal injury. We obtained a satisfactory result from repair of tracheoesophageal injuries using cardiopulmonary bypass. If the bleeding from the unidentified deep injury and the spread of infection could be controlled, the repair using CPB might increase the margin of safety during operation in the similar cases.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mortality ; Wounds, Stab*

Among the causes of SVC syndrome,intraluminal tumor,especially the leiomyosarcoma is very rare.We report a 39 year old female patient who had been suffering from headache and facial edema for 6 weeks before admission.On physical examination,facial edema and venous engorgement on upper extermities and upper chast wall were showed.The chest CT scan and SVC cavogram showed a long intraluminal mass lesion resulting in a near total obstruction of the SVC.Surgery was performed through median sternotomy.For complete resection of the tumor and thrombus,we used partial and total CPB.The follow up SVC cavogram revealed no abnormality 14 months after the operation.
Adult ; Edema ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Transitional-CpG methylation between unmethylated promoters and nearby methylated retroelements plays a role in the establishment of tissue-specific transcription. This study examined whether chromosomal losses reducing the active genes in cancers can change transitional-CpG methylation and the transcription activity in a cancer-type-dependent manner. The transitional-CpG sites at the CpG-island margins of nine genes and the non-island-CpG sites round the transcription start sites of six genes lacking CpG islands were examined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The number of active genes in normal and cancerous tissues of the stomach, colon, breast, and nasopharynx were analyzed using the public data in silico. The CpG-island margins and non-island CpG sites tended to be hypermethylated and hypomethylated in all cancer types, respectively. The CpG-island margins were hypermethylated and a low number of genes were active in the normal stomach compared with other normal tissues. In gastric cancers, the CpG-island margins and non-island-CpG sites were hypomethylated in association with high-level chromosomal losses, and the number of active genes increased. Colon, breast, and nasopharyngeal cancers showed no significant association between the chromosomal losses and methylation changes. These findings suggest that chromosomal losses in gastric cancers are associated with the hypomethylation of the gene-control regions and the increased number of active genes.
Alu Elements/genetics ; *Chromosome Deletion ; CpG Islands/*genetics ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA, Neoplasm/chemistry/isolation & purification ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genes, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Stomach Neoplasms/*genetics

Many researches are being done to study the effect of toothpaste containing natural extracts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plaque control effect and therapeutic effect of toothpaste products containing chitosan extract. 120 healthy subjects with gingivitis or early periodontitis were divided into two groups. Subjects in the experimental group only used toothpaste containing chitosan and subjects in the control group used toothpaste without chitosan. At first, subjects received scaling and tooth brushing instruction. Gingival index, bleeding index, probing pocket depth, probing attachment level were scored at baseline, 2 months, and 3 months, and plaque index were scored at baseline, 1month, 2months, 3months. Gingival index of experimental group and control group at baseline, 2 months, and 3 months use were 0.71+/-0.66, 0.49+/-0.55, 0.36+/-0.49 and 0.62+/-0.58, 0.51+/-0.52, 0.48+/-0.50 (mean+/-SD), respectively (statistically significant different at p<0.05 ). Plaque index of experimental group and control group at baseline, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months were 0.52+/-0.50, 0.43+/-0.50, 0.39+/-0.49, 0.29+/-0.46 and 0.49+/-0.50, 0.50+/-0.50, 0.51+/-0.50, 0.45+/-0.50, respectively (statistically significant different at p<0.05 ). Bleeding index of experimental group and control group were 0.40+/-0.49, 0.33+/-0.47, 0.24+/-0.43 and 0.40+/-0.49, 0.38+/-0.49, 0.30+/-0.46, respectively (statistically significant different at p<0.05 ). Probing depth of experimental group and control group were 2.41+/-0.64, 2.31+/-0.60, 2.28+/-0.55 and 2.51+/-0.67, 2.47+/-0.63, 2.42+/-0.62, respectively (statistically significant different at p<0.05 ). Attachment level of experimental group and control group were, 2.46+/-0.70, 2.36+/-0.66, 2.32+/-0.62 and 2.54+/-0.70, 2.51+/-0.69, 2.46+/-0.66, respectively (statistically significant different at p<0.05 ). From these finding, it can be concluded that toothpaste containing chitosan have better plaque control effect and therapeutic effect on gingivitis and early periodontitis compared to conventional toothpastes.
Chitosan* ; Gingivitis ; Hemorrhage ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; Tooth ; Toothpastes*

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the difference in hemodynamic change and in sensory or motor block between hyperbaric tetracaine and bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia. METHODS: The sixty-three patients, belonged to ASA class 1 and 2, were divided into tetracaine group and bupivacaine group. The patients were administered 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine(Pantocaine ) in tetracaine group and 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine(Marcaine ) in bupivacaine group, intrathecally. After intrathecal injection of the agents, we measured the change of sensory block level according to pinprick test, the motor block by the modified Bromage score until fixations was achieved, and the blood pressure and heart rate. RESULTS: The two groups did not differ significantly with loss of sensory level and onset time. Bupivacaine group was revealed a slower fixations of motor block than tetracaine group(p<0.05). Changes of systolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure of bupivacaine group were less than tetracaine group(p<0.05) in 2~25 minutes and 6~15 minutes, respectively. Diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were not different statistically in two groups. CONCLUSION: Spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine was revealed less changes of systolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure than hyperbaric tetracaine, although fixation of motor block was delayed onset. Therefore, we thought that spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine may be used more safe than hyperbaric tetracaine in hemodynamical troublesome case.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Bupivacaine* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Injections, Spinal ; Tetracaine*

PURPOSE: Direct application of atmospheric-pressure plasma jets (APPJs) has been established as an effective method of microbial decontamination. This study aimed to investigate the bactericidal effect of direct application of an APPJ using helium gas (He-APPJ) on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms on sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) titanium discs. METHODS: On the SLA discs covered by P. gingivalis biofilms, an APPJ with helium (He) as a discharge gas was applied at 3 different time intervals (0, 3, and 5 minutes). To evaluate the effect of the plasma itself, the He gas–only group was used as the control group. The bactericidal effect of the He-APPJ was determined by the number of colony-forming units. Bacterial viability was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and bacterial morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: As the plasma treatment time increased, the amount of P. gingivalis decreased, and the difference was statistically significant. In the SEM images, compared to the control group, the bacterial biofilm structure on SLA discs treated by the He-APPJ for more than 3 minutes was destroyed. In addition, the CLSM images showed consistent results. Even in sites distant from the area of direct He-APPJ exposure, decontamination effects were observed in both SEM and CLSM images. CONCLUSIONS: He-APPJ application was effective in removing P. gingivalis biofilm on SLA titanium discs in an in vitro experiment.
Bacterial Load ; Biofilms ; Decontamination ; Helium ; In Vitro Techniques ; Methods ; Microbial Viability ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Plasma Gases ; Plasma ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Porphyromonas ; Stem Cells ; Titanium

Recent evidence suggests that gastric mucosal injury induces adaptive changes in DNA methylation. In this study, the methylation status of the key tissue-specific genes in normal gastric mucosa of healthy individuals and cancer patients was evaluated. The methylation-variable sites of 14 genes, including ulcer-healing genes (TFF1, TFF2, CDH1, and PPARG), were chosen from the CpG-island margins or non-island CpGs near the transcription start sites. The healthy individuals as well as the normal gastric mucosa of 23 ulcer, 21 non-invasive cancer, and 53 cancer patients were examined by semiquantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The ulcer-healing genes were concurrently methylated with other genes depending on the presence or absence of CpG-islands in the normal mucosa of healthy individuals. Both the TFF2 and PPARG genes were frequently undermethylated in ulcer patients. The over- or intermediate-methylated TFF2 and undermethylated PPARG genes was more common in stage-1 cancer patients (71%) than in healthy individuals (10%; odds ratio [OR], 21.9) and non-invasive cancer patients (21%; OR, 8.9). The TFF2-PPARG methylation pattern of cancer patients was stronger in the older-age group (> or =55 yr; OR, 43.6). These results suggest that the combined methylation pattern of ulcer-healing genes serves as a sensitive marker for predicting cancer-prone gastric mucosa.
Biological Markers/metabolism ; Cadherins/genetics ; CpG Islands ; *DNA Methylation ; Female ; *Gastric Mucosa/pathology/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Growth Substances/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; PPAR gamma/genetics ; Peptides/genetics ; *Stomach Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; *Stomach Ulcer/genetics/pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics ; Wound Healing/*genetics

CpG-island margins and non-island-CpG sites round the transcription start sites of CpG-island-positive and -negative genes are methylated to various degrees in a tissue-specific manner. These methylation-variable CpG sites were analyzed to delineate a relationship between the methylation and transcription of the tissue-specific genes. The level of tissue-specific transcription was estimated by counting the number of the total transcripts in the SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) database. The methylation status of 12 CpG-island margins and 21 non-island CpG sites near the key tissue-specific genes was examined in pluripotent stromal cells obtained from fat and bone marrow samples as well as in lineage-committed cells from marrow bulk, stomach, colon, breast, and thyroid samples. Of the 33 CpG sites examined, 10 non-island-CpG sites, but none of the CpG-island margins were undermethylated concurrent with tissue-specific expression of their nearby genes. The net methylation of the 33 CpG sites and the net amount of non-island-CpG gene transcripts were high in stomach tissues and low in stromal cells. The present findings suggest that the methylation of the non-island-CpG sites is inversely associated with the expression of the nearby genes, and the concert effect of transitional-CpG methylation is linearly associated with the stomach-specific genes lacking CpG-islands.
Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Adult Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Aged ; CpG Islands/*genetics ; *DNA Methylation ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stomach/cytology/*metabolism ; Stromal Cells/metabolism ; Transcription Initiation Site ; Transcription, Genetic