No abstract available.
Eyelids* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Eyelids* ; Female ; Humans ; Statistics as Topic*

Motor weakness is one of the neurological complication that can occur after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH); incidence of motor weakness of 14~29% has been reported. Detailed information on the pathogenic mechanism of motor weakness is essential for brain rehabilitation because it enables estimation of the severity of injury, establishment of scientific rehabilitative strategies, and prediction of motor outcomes by clinicians. However, the exact pathogenic mechanisms of motor weakness following aneurysmal SAH have not been clearly elucidated. In this article, 14 previous studies on pathogenic mechanisms in patients with aneurysmal SAH were reviewed according to the location of the lesion (cerebral cortex, brainstem, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve). The following pathogenic mechanisms have been suggested: vasospasm, cerebral ischemia, hydrocephalus, compression of cerebral cortex, neural injury, spinal cord infarction, and radiculo-neuropathy. Considering the high incidence of aneurysmal SAH and motor weakness following aneurysmal SAH, we believe that the pathogenic mechanisms of motor weakness have been relatively understudied. More effort should be taken to investigate this important topic.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: It is traditiqnally considered that the non-bullous fonn of impetigo is primarily of streptococcal origin and the bullous form is of staphylococcal origin. However, recent reports have shown that Staphylococcus aureus (SA) has become the predominant cauative pathogen of non-bullous impetigo as well as of bullous impetigo. Objective. Our purpose was to evaluate the predominant causativi. pathogen, and to establish a therapeutic guideline for impetigo. METHOD: We described the characteristics of lesions and gerformed bacterial culture and susceptibility tests in patients with impetigo. Patients were treatecl by one of three frequently used antibiotics(erythromycin, cefuroxime, fusidic acid). RESULTS: Of 77 patients, there were 47 cases of crusted type(61.9%), 18 cases of mixed type with crusted and bullous lesiona(23.3%), 7 cases of mixed type with crusted and pustular lesions(9.1%) and 5 cases of bullous type(6.6%). SA was grown from 90.1% af the cases, in 83.1% of cases it was the only organism to be foind and no gowth of streptococcus was faund even in mixed infections. An antimicrobial susceptibility test of 63 strains of SA demonstrated high susceptibility to vancomycin(98.4%), cefuroxime(97.1%), oxacillin(96.4%), cephalothin(95.2%), fusidic acid(91.7%) etc, and high resistance to penicillin(93.7%), gentamicin(90.5%), tobramycin(88.9%) and erythromicin(80.9%). Of 19 patients treated with erythrornycin, 12(63.1% ) showed treatment failure at a weeks, while no treatment failure occured in groups treated with cefuroxime and usidic acid. There were statistically significant differences iri therapeutic effect between cefuroxirne and erythromycin(P=0.005 by two tailedy test), and betweer fusidic acid and erythromycin(P=0.0040. But there was no significant difference between cefuroxime and fusidic acid. CONCLUSION: The predominant pathogen of non-bullous impetigo a well as bullous impetigo was SA which were highly resistant to erythromycin and highly sensitive to efuroxime and fusidic acid. In the clinical response, cefuroxinie and fusidic acid treatment were most effective and erythromycin was inadequate for treatment of impetigo.
Cefuroxime ; Coinfection ; Erythromycin ; Furosemide ; Fusidic Acid ; Humans ; Impetigo* ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Streptococcus ; Treatment Failure

There is no sport in which the shoulder does not play an integral role. There are many patients with shoulder joint problems in volleyball, baseball, tennis and golf. In volleyball, a quick strong spike is necessary. Therefor, the treatment of shoulder injuries as well as the protection of the shoulder is a great concern of the player. The authors have done and analysis of the playing history and the clinical studies of the volleyball players who have been recorded as patients of the department of orthopedic surgery, Korea National Police hospital, from January 1977 to December 1980. Results of the study are as follows: l. Of the ages between 17 and 25, the average age was 19.9. 2. Out of 228 case studies 96 complained of shoulder pain or 42.1%. 3. The 84, or 87.6% of the players used the posterior angle spike. The anterior angle spikers and middle angle spikers were 6 players or 6.2% each. 4. Of 60 posterior angle spikers attempted to change spiking angle, 46 or 76% were able to alieviable the shoulder pain. 5. In the posterior angle spikers the lever arm is at its shortest extent so the cases of pain were analyzed as due to repeated impingement of supraspinatus tendon.
Arm ; Baseball ; Golf ; Humans ; Korea ; Orthopedics ; Police ; Shoulder Joint ; Shoulder Pain ; Shoulder ; Sports ; Tendons ; Tennis ; Volleyball

The authors experienced six patients who were admitted in Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Seoul National University Hospital during the period of March 1966 to February 1976 with cystic lesions in calcaneus by radiographic findings. The following results were obtained. Among the six patients, four were osteomyelitis, one was eosinophilic granuloma and the other was fibromyxoid sarcoma. They were all similar in radiographic findings, but were different each other in pathologic findings. 2. Diagnosis is very difficult only with the patients history, hematologic and radiographic findings and the pathologic findings is the most important in the final confirmative diagnosis from benign cystic lesions to malignant one. 3. We describe about the kinds and points of the differential diagnosis. of the other discases from the reported six cases.
Calcaneus ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eosinophilic Granuloma ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Osteomyelitis ; Sarcoma ; Seoul

Diastematomyelia, a form of spinal dysraphism, is characterized by a division of the spinal cord or canda equina resulting the form a bony or cartilaginous spur which transfixes the neural elements and dura. The presence of a structure of neural crest origin in the subarachnoid space connecting the spicules suggested that the anomaly resulted from delayed closure of the neural tube and its investments. The cinical finding are presumed due to its restriction, tethering of the normal apward migration of the spinal cord. Congenital anomalies of one or both lower extremities and spine are frequently found with this condition. The surgical removal is recommended as a prophylactic measure against further progressive neurological damage. The purpose of this paper is to presented becanse it was associated with clubfoot and adds to understanding of teratogenesis of diastematomyelia.
Clubfoot ; Investments ; Lower Extremity ; Neural Crest ; Neural Tube ; Neural Tube Defects ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Dysraphism ; Spine ; Subarachnoid Space ; Teratogenesis

BACKGROUND: The distribution of Malassezia yeasts on normal human skin was varied according to the age and race of the volunteers and the methodologies used. In Korea, most reports of Malassezia yeast distribution have relied on direct skin smears rather than culture methods. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to perform a comprehensive survey of the distribution of Malassezia yeasts on normal human skin to provide a base line for a companion study of Malassezia yeasts in patients with various dermatoses. METHODS: Malassezia yeasts were cultured using the swabbing technique from the scalp, forehead, chest, upper back, upper arm and upper thigh in 137 subjects, infancy to 80 years of age. RESULTS: Malassezia yeasts were present in the lowest incidence(0-30%) on six sites of infants and present in 60.0-66.7% on the sebum-rich sites (scalp, forehead, chest, upper back) of children aged 1-9. Malassezia yeasts were present in 80.0-86.7% on the sebum-rich sites of the elderly group(over 60 years of age), about the same frequency as in the middle-aged groups. The population density of these organisms was significantly higher on the upper back than on the forehead, chest, upper arm and upper thigh in all age groups except the infant group and the group aged 1 to 9 (p<0.05). There were no regular quantitative variations in the distribution of Malassezia yeasts on a given site between age groups. On Leeming and Notman media, besides three morphotypes of Malassezia yeasts reported by Cunningham et al(1990), one additional type was identified. CONCLUSION: The results showed regional variations in the distribution of Malassezia yeasts in all ages except infancy and no regular age variations on a given site. Additionally, four colony types of Malassezia yeasts were found. The findings of our study coold help to investigate the role of Malassezia yeasts in related disorders.
Aged ; Arm ; Child ; Continental Population Groups ; Forehead ; Friends ; Humans* ; Infant ; Korea ; Malassezia* ; Population Density ; Scalp ; Skin Diseases ; Skin* ; Thigh ; Thorax ; Volunteers ; Yeasts*

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous vasculitis associated with viral hepatitis seems to occur as a hypersensitivity reaction against the circulating viral antigens. Hepatitis B virus(HBV)-encoded X antigen(HBxAg) is known to participate in the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) by the inactivation of p53. However, HBxAg has been found in chronic infiammatory lesions without the overexpression of p53. Accordingly, not only EBsAg and HBcAg but also HBxAg may be involved in HCC-associated cutaneous vasculitis, regardless of the alteration of p53. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the expression of HBV-encoded antigens in cutaneous vasculitis accompanied by HBV hepatopathy. Additionally, we have compared the expression of 3 HBV antigens and p53 between vasculitic patients with HCC and in others showing HCC-non-associated vasculitis. METHODS: Immunohistochemically, we examined the expression of HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBxAg in the tissue specimens taken from the vasculitic lesions of the 33 HBsAg-positive enrolled patients with cutaneous vasculitis proven by skin biopsy. RESULTS: 1. The immunohistochemical positivity rate to HBsAg in vasculitic patients with HBV hepatopathy was 66.7% overall. It was 90% in HCC-associated vasculitic subjects and 56.5% in the vasculitic subjects without HCC, respectively. 2. We found the expression of HBxAg in 80% of the vasculitic subjects showing HCC. The vasculitic patients without HCC showed 17,3% of the positivity rate to HBxAg. 3. We could not find the overexpression of p53 in the vasculitic tissue specimens of the HCC patients without the cutaneous metastasis from primary HCC. CONCLUSION: HBsAg, HBcAg and HBxAg may participate in the pathogenesis of cutaneous vasculitis with HBV hepatopathy, regardless of tumorigenesis.
Antigens, Viral ; Biopsy ; Carcinogenesis ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Humans* ; Hypersensitivity ; Malassezia* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Skin* ; Vasculitis ; Yeasts*

BACKGROUND: Pityriasis versicolor(PV) is a superficial mycosis, theoretically unusual in children. Epidemiologic and clinical data for children with PV under 14 years were collected. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of PV in the young. METHOD: We included all cases of PV in patients under 14 years of age observed in our department from 1981 to 1995. All cases were diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria and were confirmed by microscopic examination. RESULTS: From 1981 to 1995 we encountered 32 cases of PV in children, compared with 637 cases in adults; thus children represented 4.7% of all cases. The ratio of male to female was l. 7:1. Among the age groups, the incidence was the highest in the 10-14 years(43%). The monthly prevalence was the highest in August. Distribution of the lesions were the face(40.9%), neck (25%), chest(13.6%), back(11.3%), extremities(6.8%) and abdomen(2.2%). The incidence of hypopigmented lesions was 70.4% and that of hyperpigmented lesions was 29.6%. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that the face is a predilectionl site for PV in children and all facial lesions are hypopigmented. Other clinical features are variable and similar to those of adults.
Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neck ; Pityriasis* ; Prevalence ; Tinea Versicolor*