Developmental surface ultrastructure of Macroorchis spinulosus was studied by scanning electron microscopy. One-day-old juvenile fluke was leaf-shaped and bent ventrally. Body surface was covered densely with peg-like spines and with cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes. Ciliated sensory papillae were concentrated around oral sucker. Several unciliated sensory papillae occurred equidistantly on oral sucker and acetabulum. The ciliated papillae appeared in two longitudinal lines symmetric bilaterally on dorsal surface. On adult flukes, tegumantal spines became wider in middle of the body surface. The cytoplasmic processes differentiated into more fine velvety form. It is likely that the differentiated fine cytoplasmic processes are an increased absorptive surface to adult M. spinulosus. It is suggested that single pointed tegumental spines on anterior half of the body may be supportive for this fluke to migration.
Animals ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Trematoda/*anatomy & histology/*ultrastructure

Yellow nail syndrome is characterized by yellow discoloration of nails, chrnnic lymphedema and respiratory dieorders such as chronic bronehitis, bronchiectasis, pleural effusion and chronic sinusitis. Other changes of nail in this syndrome are the exaggerated lateral curvature and disappearance of lunula and cuticle. These nail changes are caused by greatly slow nail growth than in normal due to the defective lymphatic drainage. We report a case of yellow nail syndrome in a 55 year-old woman who has pulmanary edema, congestive heart failure for 3 years, and yellow naiIs of all fingers and toes for 1 year.
Bronchiectasis ; Drainage ; Edema ; Female ; Fingers ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Lymphedema ; Middle Aged ; Pleural Effusion ; Sinusitis ; Toes ; Yellow Nail Syndrome*

The mechanism of cytolysis by complement attack of nucleated cells(NC) is of special interest in comparison to that of red blood cells. It is known that NC death by membrane attack comples, C5b-9, is caused by many factors, i.e., efficiency of complex assembly, activation of intrinsic metabolic pathway by signal transduction, cytotoxic effect of the channel itself and natural repair ability. These factors suggest that colloid osmotic lysis, known in red blood cells, does not fully explain the complement-mediated cell death of NC. In this study, the authors investigated correlation between biochemical and morphological changes to prove "Ca2+-mediated metabolic death"8~13) representing a mechanism of NC death caused by C5b-9 attack. The L1210 cells, mouse leukemic cell line carrying small complement channel(TAC5b-91) were used in the experiments. The amounts of intracellular adenine nucleotides to extracellular Ca2+, ouabain, KC1 and dextran were analyzed by bioluminescence method using luminometer. Cell viability was checked by 0.4% trypan blue dye and LDH release. Morphological observation of TAC5b-91 was done by immunocytochemical staining and electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1) The release of ATP, ADP and AMP followed by cell death was rapid and progressive along the incubation time at 37 degrees C and it was accelerated in 1.5 mM of [Ca2+]0. 2) There was no evidence of ATP repairment in the TAC5b-91. 3) Extracellular KC1(150 mM), dextran(0.66 mM) and ATP supplement(0.2 microM) could not effectively inhibit ATP depletion and cell death. Ouabain(27 and 100 microM) enhanced cell death and could not completely prevent ATP loss. 4) Most of the mitochondria showed swelling, loss of cristae and Ca2+ deposit in matrix in the electron microscopic observation. Rapid, sustained and irreversible depletion of adenine nucleotides was due to Ca2+ deposit with destruction of mitochondria and also the leakage through transmembrane channels. Moreover this energy depletion was accelerated by high extracellular Ca2+ concentration. These results indicate that Ca2+-mediated, energy exhaustion is one of the mechanisms of the metabolic cell death by C5b-9 attack of NC.
Mice ; Animals

No abstract available.
Diazepam* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives* ; Midazolam* ; Surgery, Plastic*

In this animal study, comedones were induced by topical application of oleic acid onto the rabbit ear canal and the histopathologic and ultrastructural changes in response to topical application of HO and hexane extracts of red ginseng, and saponin were measured. No microscopical difference was observed between treatment groups. Nucle ir remnants were observed in the horny cell layer as well as the thinning of the granular cell layer. Scattered and decreased keratohyaline granules were also noted. Six weeks after initiation of treatment, we observed the thinning of epidermis and veappearance of granular cell layer with normal keratohyaline granules. After treatment, scanning electron microscopy showed a decrease in the size of comedones, and loosened and desquamating horny cells in the comedones. From the above results, it could be concluded that Panax ginseng extracts might have effects on the keratinization process of the skin.
Animals ; Ear Canal ; Epidermis ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Oleic Acid ; Panax* ; Saponins ; Skin

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to review the safety and durability of aneurysms treated with stent-assisted coiling of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms with small parent vessels (< 2.0 mm). METHODS: Retrospective review of all ruptured aneurysm treated with stent assisted endovascular coiling between March 2005 and March 2009 at our institution was conducted. We report 11 cases of the Neuroform stent placement into cerebral vessels measuring less than 2.0 mm in diameter (range, 1.3-1.9 mm) in anterior cerebral artery. Clinical follow-up ranged from 3 to 12 months and imaging follow-up was performed with cerebral angiography at 6 months and 12 months after discharge. RESULTS: Complete occlusion was achieved in 10 patients, and a remnant neck was evident in one. No stent displacement or no dislodgement occurred during stent placement. There was no evidence of thromboembolic complication, arterial dissection and spasm during procedure. We performed follow-up angiography in all patients at 6 months and/or 12 months from the first procedure. The follow-up angiographic data showed successfully results except one in-stent stenosis case. All patients improved clinical performances except one patient with severe vasospasm who showed poor clinical condition initially. CONCLUSION: We have safely and successfully treated 11 vessels smaller than 2.0 mm in diameter with self-expanding stents with good short and intermediate term results. More clinical data with longer follow-ups are needed to establish the role of stent-assisted coiling in ruptured aneurysms with small parent vessels.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Angiography ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Cerebral Angiography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Neck ; Parents ; Retrospective Studies ; Spasm ; Stents

Dermal melanocytosis includes Mongolian spot, nevi of Ota and Ito, dermal melanocytic harnartoma, and blue nevus. Nevi of Ota may be respectively associated with Mongolian spot, blue nevi and unilateral or bilateral nevi of Ito. We present a case, a 24 year-old female, who had bilaterally brownish or slatebluish pigmented patches on the face, sclera, neck, anterior chest, deltoid, supraclavicular, scapular, back and sacrococcygeal area. And also she had a bluish, bean-sized nodule on her left mid-back. It is likely that this case may be considered as an extremely extensive case of pig:m.entary anomaly, associating aberrant and persistent mongolian spots, extensive nevus of Ito, bilateral nevus of Ota and blue nevus. To our knowledges it seems that such case has not previously been reported in Korean literature.
Female ; Humans ; Mongolian Spot ; Neck ; Nevus ; Nevus of Ota ; Nevus, Blue ; Sclera ; Thorax ; Young Adult

With advancement of endoscopical instruments and technique, gallstone diseases can be managed with laparoscopic cholecystectomy which has rapidly and radically changed the surgical treatment of gallstone diseases. The ideas of laparoscopic surgery was introduced by Germany gynecologist Semm, in 1967 and was first performed by French surgeon Mouret, Dubois in 1987. Although many reports of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy were excellent, many surgeons want to know the surgical results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy are enough good to perform comparing with the conventional cholecystectomy, especially in early complications and late complications. (continue...)
Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Gallstones ; Germany ; Laparoscopy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of PAP in staging and monitoring of patient with prostate cancer, we performed a comparative study with PSA, retrospectively. METHODS: We evaluated 72 patients with prostate cancer. Of these patients 11 had stage A, 6 stage B, 10 stage C, 5 stage D1 and 40 stage D2 prostate cancer. Serum PAP level was measured in all 72 patients and serum PSA level was measured concomitantly in 42 patients. RESULTS: The mean initial PAP value was 13.40+/- 7.00 U/L. But only 40 (55.6%) had elevated PAP value above 1.5U/L at presentation. Of 55 advanced cases (stage C, D), 39 (76.9%) had elevated PAP values. Of the 42 patients, who underwent longitudinal PSA assessment, the mean initial PSA value was 178.0 +/- 33.3 ng/ml. Forty (95.2%) had elevated PSA value above 4 ng/ml at presentation. Of 41 advanced cases (stage C, D1, D2), 33 (80.5%) exceeded 50 ng/ml. None of the patient had elevated PAP value with normal PSA value at presentation. Among 42 patients, who had followed with longitudinal serum PSA and PAP, progression of the disease to the bone, lung, and rectum occurred in 26 patients; in all PSA was the first indicator of progression and in none of them PAP anticipated PSA elevation. CONCLUSIONS: Although PAP value usually reflects advanced prostate cancer (70.9%), serum PSA also reflects it (80.5%). Serum PSA monitoring is superior to serum PAP monitoring in predicting disease progression. The use of PSA and PAP jointly to stage and monitor prostate cancer did not appear to enhance the clinical utility over that of PSA alone.
Acid Phosphatase* ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Lung ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Rectum ; Retrospective Studies

Lithium, first used by Cade in 1949 for the treatment of mania, is now commonly used in several affective disorders. The precise mechanism of its action is not clearly understood but the side effects may be severe. Prolongation of succinylcholine and pancuronium which possible mechanism of interaction involves impaired acetylcholine synthesis and release at nerve terminal has been reported. The present report describes a case of prolonged neuromuscular blockade induced by succinylcholine in a manic depressive patient being treated with oral lithium carbonate.
Acetylcholine ; Bipolar Disorder ; Humans ; Juniperus ; Lithium Carbonate* ; Lithium* ; Mood Disorders ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Pancuronium ; Succinylcholine*