No abstract available.
Bone Substitutes* ; Polyethylene*

A total of 120 infants, children, and teenagers, who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital from April 1989 to August 1989, were examined by cross-sectional echocardiography. Right and left atrial and ventricular dimensions and areas were measured in the parasternal, apical, and subcostal views. Dimensions of the inferior caval vein, the pulmonary and the aorta were obtained in the parasternal, suprasternal, and subcostal views. The results were as follows : 1) Statistical analysis showed no difference between boys and girls. 2) For all parameters, a positive linear correlation was found with age, height, weight, and body surface area. The best correlation was with body surface area. 3) The correlation was further improved if the logarithmic values of the measurements and body surface area were considered. 4) Measurements by cross-sectional echocardiography are clinically useful, especially in the study of the right-sided cardiac structures that are difficult to evaluate with M-mode echocardiography, but the problems of reproducibility have to be taken into account.
Adolescent ; Aorta ; Body Surface Area ; Child* ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant* ; Pediatrics ; Reference Values ; Veins

No abstract available.
Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch* ; Streptococcal Infections*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Dehydration* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*

Temporal and spatial expression of bmp-2 and bmp-4 was investigated in distraction osteogenesis and fracture healing models in order to delineate their roles in these new hone formation processes. Distraction osteogenesis was performed on the left tihia diaphyses of Sprague-Dawley rats, and was confirmed by serial radiographs and histologicaJ examination. Total RNA was isolated from the distraction gaps and fracture sites sequentially until the postoperative eighth week, and mRNA expression was quantitated hy competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) using specific primers for bmp-2 and bmp-4. In-situ hybridization was performed on the undemineralized tissue section of distraction osteogenesis group. Both bum-2 and bmp-4 mRNA expression increased during distraction osteogenesis and fracture healing. Increase in bmp-2 mRNA expression was more marked and prolonged in distraction osteogenesis compared with fracture healing, whereas bmp-4 mRNA expression was persistently increased in both groups. In-situ hybridization study revealed that hoth bmp-2 and bmp-4 were expressed at eariy osteohlasts producing osteoid, trabeculae-lining osteoblasts and osteocytes of regenerate bone. Enhanced new bone formation in distraction osteogenesis is associated with prolonged and increased expression of BMPs, especially BMP-2. lnspite of their structural similarity, BMP-2 and BMP-4 appear to have their distinct roles in new hone formation.
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins* ; Diaphyses ; Fracture Healing* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocytes ; Osteogenesis ; Osteogenesis, Distraction* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger*

No abstract available.

We carried out animal experiment in order to determine the effect of resection of nerves, muscles and tendons on the induction of osteoporosis. One hundred and forty rats, weighing approximately 250 gm, were divided into seven groups. In Group I, as a control group, the three skin incisions, one on the anterior aspect of the knee, one on the anteromedial aspect of proximal thigh, and one on the posterior aspect of proximal thigh were made and wounds were sutured. In Group II, the patellar tendon and the extensor digitorum longus tendon were divided to disable knee extension. In Group III, all the knee flexors were divided. In Group IV, all the knee extensors and flexors were divided. In Group V, the femoral nerve was divided to disable knee extension. In Group VI, the sciatic and obturator nerves were divided to diable knee flexion. In Group VII, the sciatic, and obtrator nerves were all divided. Before the procedures, bone density was measured by photon absorptiometry and postoperatively, the measurement was repeated every two weeks until the eighth week. At the time of each measurement, two rats were sacrificed out of each group and were submitted to microphotographic measurement of the tibial cortices. The results were as follows. l. In the muscle and tendon resection groups (Group II, Group III, Group IV), the bone density significantly decreased two weeks after operation and then, gradually increased four, six and eight weeks. 2. In the nerve resection groups (Group V, Group VI, and Group VII), the bone density decreased significantly two and four weeks after operation and then gradually increased six, and eight weeks after operation. 3. In both motor resection and denervation, the paralysis of both flexors and extensors of the knee, caused more decrease in bone density than the paralysis of either flexor or extensor. 4. In the muscle and tendon resection groups, the bone density was significantly more decrease two weeks after operation when the flexors were resected, but thereafter there was no significant difference between the flexors and extensors resection. In the nerve resection group, the paralysis of knee flexors caused more decrease in bone density than the paralysis of knee extensors throughout the entire experimental period. 5. The nerve resection groups demonstrated significantly more severe loss of bone density than muscle and tendon resection groups throughout the entire experimental period. 6. The values of bone density measured by photon absorptiometry correlated well with the cortical thickness indices. Bssed upon these observations, we came to the following conclusions. 1. The osteoporosis following injuries of the nerve, muscle, and tendon is most significant at two weeks after injury. 2. Denervation causes more severe osteoporosis than muscle and tendon injuries. 3. It is suggested that the photon absorptiometry is a reliable means in the evaluation of the osteoporosis.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Denervation ; Femoral Nerve ; Knee ; Muscles ; Obturator Nerve ; Osteoporosis ; Paralysis ; Patellar Ligament ; Rats ; Skin ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendons ; Thigh ; Tibia ; Wounds and Injuries

Oro-facial dyskinesia (OFD) is involuntary, abnormal, uncontrolled and stereotyped movements, consisting of forehead furrowing, eye opening and closing, smacking and pursing of the lips, lateral deviation and protrusion of the tongue, and occasionally lateral deviation and protrusion of the jaw.1 OFD is known to have various complications including speech difficulty, chewing and eating disorders, and social embarrassment; facial muscle stiffness, mucosal and gingival traumatic lesions. In addition, it may leads to cranio-mandibular joint (TMJ) complications in the presence of intense and prolonged abnormal movements, with pain and degeneration.1,2 There is no previous report of TMJ dislocation due to OFD. In this report, we describe a patient who developed bilateral anterior TMJ dislocation due to OFD which occurred following intra-cranial hemorrhage (ICH).
Movement Disorders ; Dyskinesias

PURPOSE: A complete duplicated collecting system complicated with an ectopic ureter or ureterocele results in renal damage due to a ureteral obstruction or reflux. The clinical outcome of ureteropyelostomy in complicated complete duplicated collecting system was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 children received a ureteropyelostomy for either an ectopic ureter or ureterocele with a complete duplicated collecting system anomaly. The median age was 3.2 months. Of the children, 11 had ureteroceles including 7 cecoureteroceles, and 9 had ectopic ureters. The associated anomalies were 3 UPJ obstructions of the lower pole and 9 VUR. All received a ureteropyelostomy. The lower pole ureter was used as the common ureter except in 2 cases with a lower ureter in poor condition. A lower pole pyeloplasty was combined in 3 cases with UPJ obstructions of the lower pole. A distal ureteral stump was left open except in the cecoureterocele in order to prevent VUR. Their clinical courses were followed up with an ultrasonogram and 99mTc-DMSA scan. The median follow-up after surgery was 17.8 months. RESULTS: A reduced upper pole hydronephrosis was observed in 19 patients and an improvement in the differential renal function was noted in 17 patients on the follow-up studies. All ureteroceles had either disappeared or were reduced in size. 7 patients showed an intermittent asymptomatic bacteriuria and 1 patient showed symptomatic UTI who required an ureteroneocystostomy during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A ureteropyelostomy is recommended as a first-line treatment modality for patients with a complicated complete duplicated collecting system owing to the lower chance of secondary surgery, the prevention of deterioration in the bladder function and the possibility of early correction.
Bacteriuria ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid ; Ultrasonography ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Ureterocele* ; Urinary Bladder