No abstract available.
Bone Substitutes* ; Polyethylene*

A total of 120 infants, children, and teenagers, who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital from April 1989 to August 1989, were examined by cross-sectional echocardiography. Right and left atrial and ventricular dimensions and areas were measured in the parasternal, apical, and subcostal views. Dimensions of the inferior caval vein, the pulmonary and the aorta were obtained in the parasternal, suprasternal, and subcostal views. The results were as follows : 1) Statistical analysis showed no difference between boys and girls. 2) For all parameters, a positive linear correlation was found with age, height, weight, and body surface area. The best correlation was with body surface area. 3) The correlation was further improved if the logarithmic values of the measurements and body surface area were considered. 4) Measurements by cross-sectional echocardiography are clinically useful, especially in the study of the right-sided cardiac structures that are difficult to evaluate with M-mode echocardiography, but the problems of reproducibility have to be taken into account.
Adolescent ; Aorta ; Body Surface Area ; Child* ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant* ; Pediatrics ; Reference Values ; Veins

No abstract available.
Child* ; Dehydration* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch* ; Streptococcal Infections*

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*

No abstract available.

Temporal and spatial expression of bmp-2 and bmp-4 was investigated in distraction osteogenesis and fracture healing models in order to delineate their roles in these new hone formation processes. Distraction osteogenesis was performed on the left tihia diaphyses of Sprague-Dawley rats, and was confirmed by serial radiographs and histologicaJ examination. Total RNA was isolated from the distraction gaps and fracture sites sequentially until the postoperative eighth week, and mRNA expression was quantitated hy competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) using specific primers for bmp-2 and bmp-4. In-situ hybridization was performed on the undemineralized tissue section of distraction osteogenesis group. Both bum-2 and bmp-4 mRNA expression increased during distraction osteogenesis and fracture healing. Increase in bmp-2 mRNA expression was more marked and prolonged in distraction osteogenesis compared with fracture healing, whereas bmp-4 mRNA expression was persistently increased in both groups. In-situ hybridization study revealed that hoth bmp-2 and bmp-4 were expressed at eariy osteohlasts producing osteoid, trabeculae-lining osteoblasts and osteocytes of regenerate bone. Enhanced new bone formation in distraction osteogenesis is associated with prolonged and increased expression of BMPs, especially BMP-2. lnspite of their structural similarity, BMP-2 and BMP-4 appear to have their distinct roles in new hone formation.
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins* ; Diaphyses ; Fracture Healing* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocytes ; Osteogenesis ; Osteogenesis, Distraction* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger*

Oro-facial dyskinesia (OFD) is involuntary, abnormal, uncontrolled and stereotyped movements, consisting of forehead furrowing, eye opening and closing, smacking and pursing of the lips, lateral deviation and protrusion of the tongue, and occasionally lateral deviation and protrusion of the jaw.1 OFD is known to have various complications including speech difficulty, chewing and eating disorders, and social embarrassment; facial muscle stiffness, mucosal and gingival traumatic lesions. In addition, it may leads to cranio-mandibular joint (TMJ) complications in the presence of intense and prolonged abnormal movements, with pain and degeneration.1,2 There is no previous report of TMJ dislocation due to OFD. In this report, we describe a patient who developed bilateral anterior TMJ dislocation due to OFD which occurred following intra-cranial hemorrhage (ICH).
Movement Disorders ; Dyskinesias

We carried out animal experiment in order to determine the effect of resection of nerves, muscles and tendons on the induction of osteoporosis. One hundred and forty rats, weighing approximately 250 gm, were divided into seven groups. In Group I, as a control group, the three skin incisions, one on the anterior aspect of the knee, one on the anteromedial aspect of proximal thigh, and one on the posterior aspect of proximal thigh were made and wounds were sutured. In Group II, the patellar tendon and the extensor digitorum longus tendon were divided to disable knee extension. In Group III, all the knee flexors were divided. In Group IV, all the knee extensors and flexors were divided. In Group V, the femoral nerve was divided to disable knee extension. In Group VI, the sciatic and obturator nerves were divided to diable knee flexion. In Group VII, the sciatic, and obtrator nerves were all divided. Before the procedures, bone density was measured by photon absorptiometry and postoperatively, the measurement was repeated every two weeks until the eighth week. At the time of each measurement, two rats were sacrificed out of each group and were submitted to microphotographic measurement of the tibial cortices. The results were as follows. l. In the muscle and tendon resection groups (Group II, Group III, Group IV), the bone density significantly decreased two weeks after operation and then, gradually increased four, six and eight weeks. 2. In the nerve resection groups (Group V, Group VI, and Group VII), the bone density decreased significantly two and four weeks after operation and then gradually increased six, and eight weeks after operation. 3. In both motor resection and denervation, the paralysis of both flexors and extensors of the knee, caused more decrease in bone density than the paralysis of either flexor or extensor. 4. In the muscle and tendon resection groups, the bone density was significantly more decrease two weeks after operation when the flexors were resected, but thereafter there was no significant difference between the flexors and extensors resection. In the nerve resection group, the paralysis of knee flexors caused more decrease in bone density than the paralysis of knee extensors throughout the entire experimental period. 5. The nerve resection groups demonstrated significantly more severe loss of bone density than muscle and tendon resection groups throughout the entire experimental period. 6. The values of bone density measured by photon absorptiometry correlated well with the cortical thickness indices. Bssed upon these observations, we came to the following conclusions. 1. The osteoporosis following injuries of the nerve, muscle, and tendon is most significant at two weeks after injury. 2. Denervation causes more severe osteoporosis than muscle and tendon injuries. 3. It is suggested that the photon absorptiometry is a reliable means in the evaluation of the osteoporosis.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Denervation ; Femoral Nerve ; Knee ; Muscles ; Obturator Nerve ; Osteoporosis ; Paralysis ; Patellar Ligament ; Rats ; Skin ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendons ; Thigh ; Tibia ; Wounds and Injuries

We reviewed the medical records of patients with acute retinal artery obstruction (RAO) and evaluated the importance of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and carotid Doppler ultrasound in determining causes of cardiac and carotid artery origin in RAO. A retrospective case study conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Inha University Hospital, Korea comprised 26 patients presenting with acute RAO who underwent systemic evaluation, TTE and carotid Doppler ultrasound between June 1, 1997 and December 31, 2003. Among these 26 patients, abnormal cardiac findings were detected in 12 (46%) and abnormal carotid findings in 4 (15%). Furthermore, other risk factors for RAO were found in 2 (8%) and stroke broke out within 7 months after experiencing RAO in 4 (15%) of the 26 patients. In patients with acute RAO, TTE and carotid Doppler ultrasound play an important role in pinpointing the origins of retinal emboli. It is thought that TTE and carotid Doppler ultrasound may be essential examinations for determining the underlying cause, planning treatment strategies, and preventing stroke and death.
Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carotid Arteries/*ultrasonography ; Carotid Artery Diseases/*ultrasonography ; *Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart Diseases/*ultrasonography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Artery Occlusion/*complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; *Ultrasonography, Doppler