BACKGROUND: Respiratory depression with high dose of propofol during induction is one of the major complications. We studied the effects of midazolam as premedicant on frequency and duration of apnea and frequency of loss of consciousness in relation to single dose of propofol. METHODS: We selected 194 adult patients who had clear consciousness and no depression of respiration. We allocated patients randomly to control group and midazolam group. In midazolam group, we injected 0.06mg/kg of midazolam intravenously 10min before induction, and in control group, we did nothing. Under mask oxygenation with 100% oxygen, we administered a bolus of propofol (1, 1.5, 2 mg/kg to subgroup 1, 2, 3 respectively) intravenously. The change of respiration and loss of consciousness were observed. RESULTS: The frequency and duration of apnea increased with the dose of propofol in both control and midazolam group. But there were no difference between groups except frequency of apnea with 1.5 mg/kg of propofol. In control group, frequency of loss of consciousness increased with the increasing dose of propofol. But in midazolam group, nearly all the patients was slept without difference by the dose. CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with midazolam reduce the sleeping dose of propofol to induce anesthesia, so the frequency and duration of apnea which is caused by high dose of propofol can be decreased.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Apnea* ; Consciousness ; Depression ; Humans ; Masks ; Midazolam* ; Oxygen ; Premedication ; Propofol* ; Respiration ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Unconsciousness*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Hepatitis A* ; Hepatitis* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR*

This erratum is being published to correct of affiliation and add an acknowledgement.

No abstract available.
Acneiform Eruptions ; Bevacizumab

No abstract available.
Angiofibroma*

Colonoscopy is a commonly performed endoscopic procedure. Although it is generally considered to be safe, serious complications, such as colorectal perforation, can occur. Most colonic perforations are intraperitoneal and cause pneumoperitoneum with acute abdominal pain as the initial symptom. However, extraperitoneal perforations with pneumoretroperitoneum may happen, albeit rarely, with atypical initial symptoms. We report a rare case of rectosigmoid perforation occurring after diagnostic colonoscopy that developed into pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and subcutaneous emphysema, with a change in voice and neck swelling as the initial symptoms. The patient was successfully treated with endoscopic closure of the perforation and conservative management.
Abdominal Pain ; Colon ; Colonoscopy* ; Humans ; Mediastinal Emphysema* ; Neck ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Pneumothorax* ; Retropneumoperitoneum* ; Subcutaneous Emphysema* ; Voice

Sweet's syndrome, or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is an unusual disease characterized by fever, leukocytosis, and distinctive skin lesions. Common complications include arthralgia, arthritis, conjunctivitis, and iridocyclitis. However, the involvement of the central nervous system in this disease, termed `neuro-Sweet syndrome' is rarely reported. We present a patient with recurrent encephalitis for 15 years, accompanied with neutrophilic dermatosis, and characterized by HLA-B54 and Cw1, with good responsiveness to corticosteroid.
Arthralgia ; Arthritis ; Central Nervous System ; Conjunctivitis ; Encephalitis ; Fever ; Humans ; Iridocyclitis ; Leukocytosis ; Neutrophils ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Sweet Syndrome

Osmotic myelinolysis syndrome in central nervous system is classified into central pontine myelinolysis(CPM) and extrapontine myelinolysis(EPM). The former can cause a spastic quadriplegia, pseudobulbar palsy, and varying degree of mental disorder, but the latter a movement disorder(tremor, dystonia, parkinsonism, and chorea, etc), behavior change(mood instability, personality change, agitated delirium, and disinhibition, etc), and cognitive dysfunction. Although a few cases of asymptomatic CPM have been reported, asymptomatic EPM were rare. A 67-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus and old cerebral infarction has suffered from the common bile duct stone. She had hyponatremia(Na=126mEq/L) on admission and was corrected rapidly. Incidental findings of her brain MRI showed EPM. We experienced a case of bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle myelinolysis incidentally without neurological presentations and report a rare case of asymptomatic EPM recoverd in diabetic woman after rapid correction of hyponatremia.
Aged ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebral Infarction ; Chorea ; Common Bile Duct ; Delirium ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dihydroergotamine ; Dystonia ; Female ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Incidental Findings ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mental Disorders ; Myelinolysis, Central Pontine* ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Pseudobulbar Palsy ; Quadriplegia

No abstract available.
Malaria*

No abstract available.
Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome*