A practical and convenient method of rearing Eucyclops serrulatus in a microculture environment is described. A complete life cycle of E. serrulatus was maintained in a narrow space on a microscope slide glass on which a cover glass of 22 x 40 mm in size was mounted at a height of 0.8 mm. The culture medium was constituted by bottled mineral water boiled with grains of Glycine max (soybean). Chilomonas paramecium, a free-living protozoan organism, was provided as live food. Growth of nauplii hatched from eggs to the first stage of copepodite took an average of 7.7 days, and the growth of copepodite 1 to the egg-bearing adult female took an average of 20.1 days in the microculture cell with an average life time of 44.7 days. Continuous passage of copepods was successfully maintained as long as sufficient medium and food were provided. The microculture method enables an in situ microscopic observation on the growth and developmental process of helminth larvae experimentally infected to copepods as well as of copepod itself. Furthermore, it does not require anesthetization and, therefore, minimize the amount of stress exposed to copepods during the handling process.
Protozoa ; Male ; Female ; Culture Techniques/*methods ; Culture Media ; Copepoda/*growth & development ; Animals

We reviewed a total of 36 cases of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors during a period of ten and a half years at Seoul National University Hospital, looking at their histologic and ultrastructural features, as well as immunohistochemical results, then we correlated these with location. The primary sites of carcinoid tumors were rectum(39%), stomach(25%), appendix(22%), small intestine(8%) and colon(6%), in order of frequency. The predominant histologic types by organ were mixed and solid(A) types in all location, the solid type(type A) in the stomach, and tubular type(type C) in the rectum. Six out of 8 cases of appendiceal carcinoid were type A and the other two cases were mucinous carcinoid. Tubular adenoma or adenocarcinoma was associated with 36% of the rectal carcinoids, with one case of carcinoid in the small intestine, and one(11%) of the gastric carcinoids was found near an adenocarcinoma. Metastasis was found in one case of ileal carcinoid(100%), one case of cecal carcinoid, 3 of gastric carcinoid(33%) and 2 of rectal carcinoid(14%). Primary tumor size ranged from 1 to 7 cm. Tumor necrosis and endolymphatic tumor emboli were found in 57% and 43% of the metastatic carcinoids, respectively. PCNA index showed a borderline significant difference between metastatic and nonmetastatic groups(P value=0.063). The low prevalence of appendiceal carcinoid and the relatively high prevalence of gastric-rectal carcinoid may reflect a low chance of incidental appendectomy and frequent detection of gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Quantitative serial measurements of Alpha-fetoprotein (a-FP) and Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (B-HCG) using radioimmunoassay were performed in a patient with recurrent non-germinomatous germ cell tumor (NGGCT) into CNS during radiotherapy and chemotherapy. When the pineal tumor was initially presented, elevated levels of serum a-FP and B-HCG fell dramatically to normal rage after the completion of cranial irradiation (5,060cGy). Three months later, the patient had a rise in serum and CSF tumor markers coincident with recurrence of tumor into lumbal spinal canal. Serum levels were not changed despite of 15 days of whole spine irradiation (2,000cGy) although decreased remarkably 1 month after the completion of radiotherapy (4,230cGy). At the time of relapse in the suprasella area and the cerebellopontine angle, serum and CSF levels rised again. As a result of two courses of chemotherapy the tumor markers fell markedly, but the tumor was spread to other sites into CNS. We conclude serial measurements of a-FP and B-HCG are useful for the diagnosis of the non-germinomatous germ cell tumor into CNS and for monitoring disease activity.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Cranial Irradiation ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Germ Cells* ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Pinealoma ; Radioimmunoassay ; Radiotherapy ; Rage ; Recurrence ; Spinal Canal ; Spine ; Biomarkers, Tumor*

BACKGROUND & PURPOSE: Of thalamic stroke syndrome, according to previous reports, the syndrome of hemiataxia and hemisensory loss (thalamic ataxia syndrome) is known to have localizing value confined to the lesion of posterolateral thalamus. And ataxia in thalamic ataxia syndrome is due to interruption of cerebellar outflow pathways. We observed the clinical characteristics of cerebellar manifestations in patients with thalamic ataxia syndrome to clarify intrathalamic cerebellar pathways because it is known that parts of cerebellar efferent fibers do not pass through the thalamus. METHODS: Ten patients with ataxia (5 men, 5 women ; mean age 64), out of 47 thalamic stroke patients admitted to Kyung Hee University Hospital from Jan. 1994 to May. 1995, were selected. The localization of the lesion was based on CT or MR imaging and ataxia was characterized in view of cerebellar functions - coordination of movement, regulation of equilibrium and muscle tone. RESULTS: Out of 10 patients, 4 patients were thalamic hematoma, 4 patients thalamic hematoma with intraventricular hemorrhage, 2 patients thalamic infarction. Four patients were hemiataxia-hemiparesis-hemisensory loss, 4 patients hemiataxia-hemisensory loss, 2 patients hemiataxia-hemiparesis. Posterolateral thalamus was involved in 4 patients, dorsal thalamus in 3 patients, posterolateral and dorsal thalamus in 3 patients. All patients had dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, kinetic tremor. Two patient has gait ataxia. Speech and ocular motility disturbances were not noted. CONCLUSION: Thalamic ataxia syndrome appeared in the lesion of posterolateral and dorsal thalamus. Common cerebellar manifestations symptoms of incoordination.
Ataxia* ; Cerebellar Ataxia ; Female ; Gait Ataxia ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Stroke* ; Thalamus ; Tremor

No abstract available.
Biliary Tract*

Synthetic genes encoding the gag p24 and the part of the envelope protein gp41 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) were cloned and overexpressed as fusion proteins in Escherichia coli, using an expression vector carrying 77 promoter and the poly-histidine leader sequence. The overexpressed p24 fusion protein was purified by centrifugation, Ni-affinity chromatography and CM-sepharose chromatography The overexpressed gp41 fusion protein was purified by centrifugation, C4 chromatography and DEAE-sepharose chromatography. The purified fusion proteins showed a high level of purity and immunoreactivity in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis. These results suggest that this prokaryotic expression-purification method is suitable for obtaining a large amount of the viral antigen which may be useful for screening of antibodies to HIV-1 in human blood samples.
Antibodies ; Blotting, Western ; Centrifugation ; Chromatography ; Clone Cells ; Electrophoresis ; Escherichia coli ; Genes, Synthetic ; HIV* ; HIV-1* ; Humans* ; Mass Screening

BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to develop a combined spinal epidural (CSE) anesthesia using single segment technique(SST) for cesarean section. We attempted to find the most suitable spinal and epidural local anesthetic doses providing high quality of surgical analgesia and minimal side effects during CSE anesthesia. METHODS: 40 patients scheduled for elective cesarean section under the CSE technique were randomly divided into four groups. 2.5mg(Group 1), 5mg(Group 2), 7.5mg(Group 3) and 10mg(Group 4) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was injected into the subarachnoid space through a 26-gauge long Quincke needle. If the block did not reach the T4 level in 15min., it was extended by fractionated doses of 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine administered through the epidural catheter. RESULTS: All patients in Group 1, 2 and 3 needed epidural lidocaine, 21.0+/-0.8 ml(Group 1), 11.1+/-0.6 ml(Group 2) and 7.4+/-0.7 ml(Group 3). Anesthesia in Group 4 was mostly due to spinal block. Group 2 and 3 resulted in satisfactory anesthesia with rapid onset, good surgical analgesia and muscle relaxation and minimal side effects. Group 1 provided insufficient muscle relaxation and Group 4 had higher incidence(60%) of maternal hypotension than other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The CSE technique, using 5mg or 7.5mg of subarachnoid bupivacaine and with sufficient epidural lidocaine to reach a T4 level, had the advantages of both spinal and epidural anesthesia with few of the complications of either.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthetics ; Bupivacaine ; Catheters ; Cesarean Section* ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Lidocaine ; Muscle Relaxation ; Needles ; Pregnancy ; Subarachnoid Space

BACKGROUND: Middle cerebral artery (MCA) steno-occlusive disease is known to be more common in Eastern than in Western, however, clinical characteristics have not been well documented. We aimed to find clinical characteristics of isolated MCA disease comparing with other MCA steno-occlusive disease. METHODS: Patients with lesion in M1 portion of MCA divided into three groups by angiographic finding ; isolated MCA stenosis (IMCAS, n=39), isolated MCA occlusion (IMCAO, n=29), and multiple (ICA, BA or VA) steno-occlusion involving MCA (Combined, n=48). Patients with evidence of cardioembolic MCA occlusion and Moyamoya disease were excluded. We analyzed clinical features, neuroimaging findings, and prognosis retrospectively. RESULTS: MRI showed large deep (36%), small deep (26%), cortical (21%), and mixed (cortical & deep, 15%) infarct in IMCAS group ; mixed (38%), large deep (21%), small deep (17%), and cortical (17%) infarct in IMCAO group ; large deep (31%), cortical (23%), small deep (17%), and no lesion (17%) in Combined group. Site of MCA steno-occlusion on angiogram was middle (44%), distal (39%), and proximal (18%) in IMCAS group ; proximal (48%), middle (35%), and distal (17%) in IMCAO group ; middle (42%), proximal (31%), and distal (27%) in Combined group. Patient's neurologic status, assessed by NIHSS, during first 7 days was 'not changed' or 'worsening' (>93%) in all 3 groups. Neurologic outcome at 3 months later was improving (65%) in IMCAS group by modified Rankin scale. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated MCA stenotic disease was not significantly different from iso-lated MCA occlusion group or Combined group in clinical features, neuroimaging findings, and prognosis.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Moyamoya Disease ; Neuroimaging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a rare, hereditable disease of connective tissue, characterzed by abberrant calcification of the elastic tissue of the skin, eyes, vasculature. We report a 61years old female patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum with typical peau d'orange skin lesion around the neck, angioid streaks in the retina and multifocal cerebral infarction.
Angioid Streaks ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Connective Tissue ; Elastic Tissue ; Female ; Humans ; Neck ; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum* ; Retina ; Skin

Sick sinus syndrome(SSS) constitutes a spectrum of cardiac arrhythmia, including sinus bradycardia, sinus pause-arrest, sinoatrial block, slow escape rhythm, bradyarrhythmia and tachyarrhythmia. SSS is relatively uncommon in children but its exact incidence is unknown because diagnostic criteria are not uniform and most children with SSS, in general are asymptomatic. SSS may be primary(organic sinus node disease) or secondary(cardiac surgery comprises much of SSS in children and adolescents), but it can hardly be caused by familial relations as well. We reports an occurrence of familial sick sinus syndrome. Mother was diagnosed as SSS, which was presented by symptoms of dizziness and treated by permanent pacemaker(DDD). Also, two daughters revealed SSS with non- compacted cardiomyopathy on neonatal screening and fetal echocardiography respectively. We concluded that familial SSS may occur, so familial screening should be suggested.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Bradycardia ; Cardiomyopathies ; Child ; Dizziness ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Mothers ; Neonatal Screening ; Nuclear Family ; Sick Sinus Syndrome* ; Sinoatrial Block ; Sinoatrial Node ; Tachycardia ; United Nations