No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Societies, Medical*

Cyclosporine A(CsA) is known as a potent immunosupressive agent, and recently its supressive effects of proteinuria in minimal change nephrotic syndrome, and other glomerular diseases have been demonstrated. But the mechanism of supression of proteinuria is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of supression of proteinuria in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) induced minimal change nephrosis(MCN), by a single dose of PAN, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSG) by long term repeated administration of PAN with unilateral nephrectomy in Sprague-Dawley rats, using transmission electron microscopy. We also analysed the effects of CsA on the histopathologic changes such as glomerular sclerosis, and subtypes of infiltrated mononuclear cells in glomeruli and renal interstitium. The results are as follows: Marked proteinuria was developed in MCN and FSG groups. It was significantly reduced by administration of CsA. BUN and creatinine were significantly increased in FSG with the administration of CsA, compared with FSG without CsA. On ultrastructural examination, MCN group showed effacement of foot processes, and microvillous transformation. Occasional focal detatchment of podocytes from the GBM, vacuolar degeneration, and electron dense droplets in the podocytes were also seen. The latter findings were remarkably reduced by CsA. The Above ultrastructural findings, seen in the MCN group, were more severe in the FSG groups. On comparison of ultrastructural fingings of FSG with or without CsA groups, severe vacuolar degeneration, abundant electron dense granules, and focal detatchment of foot processes were more frequently seen in FSG groups and they were significantly reduced by CsA. But irregularity and thickening of GBM were deepend in FSG with CsA group. There were no significant differences of glomerular sclerosis, adhesion to the Bowman's capsules in both the MCN and the FSG groups by administration of CsA. Foamy degeneration of endothelial and mesangial cells, epithelial proliferation, hyalinosis and mononuclear infiltration were significantly reduced by CsA in FSG groups. Microcalcification was commonly seen in CsA administrated groups. The main sutype of infiltrated mononuclear cells in glomeruli and interstitium were monocytes in FSG groups. The proportion of T cells were higher in interstitium by disease progression and it was significantly decreased by CsA. On conclusion the most important ultrastructural changes, regarded as the main mechanism of supression of proteinuria is that the CsA stabilize the podocytes, by preventing vacuolar degeneration and focal detatchment. But CsA does not influence the progression of glomerular sclerosis in PAN induced nephrosis.

The parents have much expectation upon the pregnancy and child birth, and in most cases, they expect the healthy parturient child. However, we can be placed on the high-risk conditions which have the physical, social and immature infant, due to the unexpected results, among the new-born. Accordingly, these high-risk newborn and premature infants will be mostly in NICU, which the concentrated medical treatment can be given, upon their conditions. After their birth and during these periods, they will be divided from the parents, and the nurse will accomplish the bringing-up activities which they can take care of the infant, expected by the parents after their birth. The hospitalization of high-risk newborn including these premature infants is the shocking experience to the parents of family, and thus they can feel the fear and uneasiness, and these reactions of parents are troubled in the behavior at the usual days, and cause the disorder and spiritless status, and these results break the supporting ability of parents, and cause the obstruction. Also, the unavoidable division between the parents and the children as like hospitalization of children can make the parents to feel the alienation emotionally, and this causes the results which the pride on the bringing-up ability of baby gets to be lost. These problems can cause the difficulties on the bonding or the parenting in the further days, and can be related to the neglect and abuse of children. Also, it is gradually increased to study and report which the emotional division by the physical division between the mother and the baby obstructs the normal affection course between the parent and the infant. The stress caused by the birth and the hospitalization of high-risk newborn, as like this, is important in the points which it can uncertainly affect the potential energy for the relationship of parent-child who are finally healthy. Accordingly, the significance and purpose of this study are to understand the contents and degree of stress which the parents of high-risk newborn including the immature child can be experienced from the hospitalization of ICU for their new borns, and thus to offer the basic program to the nursing intervention program for these. The subject of this study is the mother of newborn in NICU of 10 General Hospitals located at the zone of Pusan, Korea from September 1997 to October 1997, and thus makes the subject of 95 person of parents who agreed to take part in the study and it is descriptive study related to the stress of mother having the newborn in NICU. The method is based on the preceding study related to the stress of mother having the experience of child hospitalization and chronic disease child, and then acquires the advice of specialists group as like 5 nursing professors, and then is amended and supplemented. Total number of questions in 43 items and consists of 5 factors as like medical treatment&nursing procedures, disease status&prognosis, role of parents, communication&inter-personal relationships, hospital environment, and is 5 point Likert Scale. The reliability of this study method is very highly shown to be Cronbach alpha=0.95. The collected data is analysed as Average, Frequency, Standard Deviation, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Duncan multiful-range test by use of SPSS/PC (V7.5). The results of this study is summarized as under : 1. Every characteristics of subject is which the party of mother is 28.70age(+/-7.48) in the average ages, 51% in the high-school graduate, 38.5% in the christianity, total monthly income is 212.55 thousand won(+/-1.971), 74.5% in the housewife, 72.9% in the parents and children together living and the number of children to be 1.48 person(+/-0.6) in average, the recognition on the prognosis of baby is 74.0% in "Don't know", the relationship with the husband after the hospitalization of baby is 37.3% in "More Intimate", the relationship with the family of husband to be 48% in "No-change", and the degree which is consulted with the husband about the baby is 55% in "very frequently" and the visiting number per week is 4.59(+/-1.63) in average and the accompanying person in the time of visiting is which is which the number of husband is 56.3% and thus is the highest. The characteristics of baby is which the age is 21. 88days(+/-16.47) after the birth in average, the sex to be 50 person in the female 52.1% and the order of birth to be 54.2% in the first child, and the weight in the birth to be 2770gm(+/-610) and the height in the birth to be 46.26cm(+/-7.62) in average. The medical diagnosis is 37.5% in the premature infant, the career of hospitalization is 96.9% in "None", and the operation plan is 90.6% in "None" and the execution of operation is 88% in "None" and the nursing of incubator is 55.2% in "Yes", and the method of feeding is 50.5% in "Oral" and the contents of feeding is 46.9% in the "Milk". 2. The total stress degree of subject is almost highly shown to be as 3.36(+/-0.86). If it is compared upon each cause, 'stress on disease status&prognosis' is highest 3.79(+/-1.28), and it is in the order of 'stress on medical treatment&nursing procedures' 3.70(+/--.93), 'stress on hospital environment' 3.14(+/-0.86), 'stress on role of parents' 3.18(+/-0.92) and 'stress on communication&inter personal relationship' 2.62(+/-0.77). 3. As the results of checking the notworthiness of stress degree upon each variable of subject, the variable showing the noted difference was the birth weight)gamma=-0.16, P=0.04), birth height(gamma=-0.23, P=0.03), nursing in the incubator(F=8.93, P=0.04), feed method(F=2.94, P=0.04). That is to say, it is shown which the smaller the birth weight is, the higher the stress degree of mother is noteworthily. Also, the smaller the birth weight is, the higher the stress degree of mother is noteworthily. Also, the smaller the birth height baby is, the higher the stress of mother is. In the incubator, it is shown which the mother whose baby is nursing in the incubator is higher in the stress degree than other mothers. Upon the feeding method of baby, that is to say, TPN is the highest, and it is shown in the order of NPO, Tube feeding, and P.O. feeding. When we review the above-mentioned results, as the status is serious, it is thought which we include the supporting nursing for coping with the stress of parents in the setting-up od nursing plan for the baby in the NICU.
Birth Weight ; Busan ; Child ; Christianity ; Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Enteral Nutrition ; Feeding Methods ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incubators ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care, Neonatal* ; Korea ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Parenting ; Parents ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Shock ; Specialization ; Spouses ; Child Health

The incidence of chemotherapy related among pediatric cancer patient was 90.1%. Adequate oral intake and nutrition have been shown to be important. These consideration prompted the decision to survey by means of a questionnaire. The questionnaire were included nausea-vomiting peak time, causing factor coping method, education need, diet pattern change and food preference. Results are fellow 1. Almost(90.1%) pediatric cancer patient experienced nausea-vomiting during chemotherapy and required coping method or reducing method. 2. The food preference form were identified. Those were fluid form, cold and small amount and frequently eating form. The patients preferered noodles, chickens, soap, juice. The results of the survey indicate that nasea-vomiting relief nursing intervention are required pediatric cancer patient received chemotherapy. Health care personnels recognize the pediatric cancer patient's diet pattern and encourage the nutritional counselling. The care of patient should be multidisciplinary team approach and the nurse occupies a key position with in this team, which includes the pediatrician, nutritionist.
Chickens ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diet* ; Drug Therapy* ; Eating ; Education ; Food Preferences ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nursing ; Nutritionists ; Soaps ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Dentists ; Humans

No abstract available.
Hyperthyroidism*

No abstract available.
Anti-Infective Agents* ; Bronchitis ; Child* ; Common Cold ; Humans ; Otitis Media ; Pharyngitis ; Respiratory Tract Infections* ; Sinusitis

No abstract available.
Premenstrual Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Encephalitis* ; Humans ; Prognosis*

No abstract available.
Gastroenteritis* ; Rotavirus