The purpose of this study is to compare the quality of intraoperative salvaged blood with that of Citrate Phosphate Dextrose(CPD) stored blood in 32 patients having cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass. 20 patients in the control group received one week cild CPD stored blood and 12 patients received autologous intraoperative salvaged blood which prepared and processed with the Hemonetics Cell Saver Plus autotransfusion device. 1) Salvaged blood had a higher hemoglobin concentration(l7.6 vs 13.1 g/dl, P<0.005), a higher 2.3-diphosphoglycerate concentration(3.1 vs 0.6 mmol/L, P<0.005), higher pH(7.6 vs 6.8, P<0.005) than CPD stored blood group. Salvaged blood had a lower ATP concentration was(47.7 vs 67.7 pmol/dl, P<0.005) than stored blood group. 2) Platelet count was l3.4 X 10(9)/L and WBC count was 5.09 X 10(9)/L in salvaged blood. 3) Salvaged blood volume was 1411+/-487.9 ml(range 580 to 2325 ml). Intraoperative salvaged blood had a superior oxygen carrying and delivery capacity, but modification of washing is required to lessen the platelet and white blood cell count in the salvaged blood.
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate* ; Adenosine Triphosphate* ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Transfusion, Autologous ; Blood Volume ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Citric Acid ; Erythrocytes* ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Oxygen ; Platelet Count ; Thoracic Surgery

No abstract available.
Rabbits*

BACKGROUND: Disinfection is essential for the prevention of hospital infoction. Tego-51, one of the amphoteric surfactants based on the dodecyl-di( aminoethyl)-glycine, has been considered as an effctive disinfectant having a broad specturn of antimicrobial activity. We evaluated the disinfective activity of Tego-51 against several clinical isolates of bacteria and yeasts including Helicobacter pyiori. METHODS: Twenty three strains of vacteria including H. pylori, and a strain of yeast were exposed to the various concentrations (0.05%, 0.01%, 0.005%) of Tego-51 for the various periods (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16min). After the exposure to Tego-51 disinfectant, 0.01 mL of mixture of microorfanisms and Tego-51 was inoculated into brain-heart infusion broth, into Sabouraud dextrose agar. or Wilkins-Chalgren agar with 10% sheep blood, and incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 hours or in the Campy Pouch microaerophilic system. RESULTS: Most strains were killed within 30 seconds after an exposure to 0.01% of Tego-51, but Proteus mirabilis was eradicated after two minutes of exposure. At the concentration of 0.005 % concentration. P. mirabilis and Bacillus subtilis were killed after eight minutes od exposure. H. pylori was killed with 0.005% Tego-51within 30 seconds. Conslusions: This study showed that Tego-51disinfectant was effective for the disinfection of commonly isolated bacteria and yeast from hospital. It may be recommended that Tego-51 should be used at concentration greater than 0.1% for the effective disinfection of skin, instruments and hospital floors.
Agar ; Bacillus subtilis ; Bacteria ; Cross Infection ; Disinfection ; Glucose ; Helicobacter ; Mirabilis ; Proteus mirabilis ; Sheep ; Skin ; Surface-Active Agents ; Yeasts

No abstract available.
Female ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Pregnant Women*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Mice* ; Oviducts* ; Ovum*

In Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) including the syndromes of pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP), multiple areas of intracutaneous ossification are often encountered. The characteristic features are short stature, round face, short neck, obesity, cutaneous ossifications, and various skeletal anomalies including short metacarpal and metatarsal bones, curve of radius, and brachydactyly. The patient was a 10-month-old male infant. He presented slightly depressed erythematous hard plaques on the left upper chest and left thigh. We had taken biopsies from both skin lesions, confirming cutaneous ossification or bone formation. He also had the characteristic features of AHO. He had a history of admission due to patent ductus arteriosus and atrial septal defect. The laboratory results showed slightly decreased calcium, increased phosphorus and PTH levels. The patient received no specific corrective measures because his calcium and phosphorus levels were not far from normal values until newly developed similar skin lesions appeared.
Biopsy ; Brachydactyly ; Calcium ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; Neck ; Obesity ; Osteogenesis ; Phosphorus ; Pseudohypoparathyroidism* ; Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism ; Radius ; Reference Values ; Skin ; Thigh ; Thorax

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome is a rare, sporadically occuring disorder characterized by hemihypertrophy (unilateral limb hypertrophy), varicose veins, hemangiomata and occasionally arteriovenous malformation. With the development of ultrasonography, this syndrome can be detected by antenatal sonography. We report a case of Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome that demonstrates huge mass with increased blood flow on left thigh detected by ultrasonography.
Arteriovenous Malformations ; Extremities ; Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome* ; Thigh ; Ultrasonography* ; Varicose Veins

OBJECTIVE: Mammalian follicle cells are the most important somatic cells which help oocytes grow, mature and ovulate and thus are believed to provide oocytes with various functional and structural components. In the present study we have examined whether cumulus or granulosa cells might play a role in establishing the plasma membrane structure of mouse oocytes during meiotic maturation. DESIGN: In particular the differential resistances of mouse oocytes against chymotrypsin treatment were examined following culture with or without cumulus or granulosa cells, or in these cell-conditioned media. RESULTS: When mouse denuded oocytes, freed from their surrounding cumulus cells, were cultured in vitro for 17~18 hr and then treated with 1% chymotrypsin, half of the oocytes underwent degeneration within 37.5 min (t50=37.5+/-7.5 min) after the treatment. In contrast cumulus-enclosed oocytes showed t50=207.0. Similarly, when oocytes were co-cultured with cumulus cells which were not associated with the oocytes but present in the same medium, the t50 of co-cultured oocytes was 177.5+/-13.1 min. Furthermore, when oocytes were cultured in the cumulus cell-conditioned medium, t50 of these oocytes was 190.0+/-10.8 min whereas t50 of the oocytes cultured in M16 alone was 25.5+/-2.9 min. Granulosa cell-conditioned medium also increased the resistance of oocytes against chymotrypsin treatment such that t50 of oocytes cultured in granulosa cell-conditioned medium was 152.5+/-19.0 min while that of oocytes cultured in M16 alone was 70.0+/-8.2 min. To see what molecular components of follicle cell-conditioned medium are involved in the above effects, the granulosa cell-conditioned medium was separated into two factions by using Microcon-10 membrane filter having a 10 kDa cut-off range. When denuded oocytes were cultured in medium containing the retentate, t50 of the oocytes was 70.0+/-10.5 min. In contrast, t50 of the denuded oocytes cultured in medium containing the filtrate was 142.0+/-26.5 min. T50 of denuded oocytes cultured in medium containing both retentate and filtrate was 188.0+/- 13.6 min. However, t50 of denuded oocytes cultured in M16 alone was 70.0 +/-11.0 min and that of oocytes cultured in whole granulosa cell-conditioned medium was 156.0+/-27.9 min. When surface membrane proteins of oocytes were electrophoretically analyzed, no difference was found between the protein profiles of oocytes cultured in M16 alone and of those cultured in the filtrate. CONCLUSIONS: Based upon these results, it is concluded that mouse follicle cells secrete a factor(s) which enhance the resistance of mouse oocytes against a proteolytic enzyme treatment. The factor appears to be a small molecules having a molecular weight less than 10 kDa.
Animals ; Cell Membrane ; Chymotrypsin* ; Cumulus Cells ; Female ; Granulosa Cells ; Membrane Proteins ; Membranes ; Mice* ; Molecular Weight ; Oocytes*

Midazolam, a water soluble benzodiazepine, was compared with diazepam as a sedation for spinal anesthesia. Forthy healthy patients were allocated at random to receive midazolam 0.1mg/kg or diazepam 0.2mg/kg at 15 min after tetracaine inction for spinal anesthesia and increments of half of the initial dose every 2 min to induce sleep. Mean dose of midazolam 8.5 mg and diazepam 17.1 mg were injected for sedation throughout surgery. There was no difference concerning sedation level during surgery and speed of recovery. With the same degree of sedation, midazolam produced a higher frequency of anterograde amnesia(70% vs. 30%). Uenous tolerance was better for midazolam. Neither drug caused obstruction of airway nor significant cardiovascular change. Higher degree of amnesia and venous tolerance with midazolam may be advantages of sedation for spinal anesthesia.
Amnesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Benzodiazepines ; Diazepam* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives* ; Midazolam* ; Tetracaine

BACKGROUND: Nitric Oxide (NO) has been discovered to be an important endothelium-derived relaxing factor. The exogenous inhaled NO may diffuse from the alveoli to pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and produce pulmonary vasodilation, but any NO that diffuses into blood will be inactivated before it can produce systemic effects. To examine the effects of NO on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics, NO was inhaled by experimental dogs in an attempt to reduce the increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) induced by hypoxia in dogs. METHODS: Eight mongrel dogs were studied while inhaling 1)50% O2 (baseline), 2)12% O2 in N2 (hypoxia), 3)followed by the same hypoxic gas mixture of O2 and N2 containing 20, 40 and 80 ppm of NO, respectively. RESULTS: Breathing at FIO2 0.12 nearly doubled the pulmonary vascular resistance from 173 56dyn sec cm-5 to 407 139dyn sec cm-5 and significantly increased the mean pulmonary artery pressure from 16 3mmHg to 22 4mmHg. After adding 20~80 ppm NO to the inspired gas while maintaining the FIO2 at 0.12, the mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased (p<0.05) to the level when breathing oxygen at FIO2 0.5 while the PaO2 and PaCO2 were unchanged. The pulmonary vascular resistance decreased significantly and the right ventricular stroke work index returned to a level similar to breathing at FIO2 0.5 by addition of NO into the breathing circuit. Pulmonary hypertension resumed within 3~5 minutes of ceasing NO inhalation. In none of our studies did inhaling NO produce systemic hypotension and elevate methemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Inhalation of 20~80 ppm NO selectively induced pulmonary vasodilation and reversed hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction without causing systemic vasodilation and bronchodilation. Methemoglobin and NO2 were within normal limit during the study.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Dogs ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; Hemodynamics* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Hypotension ; Inhalation* ; Methemoglobin ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Nitric Oxide* ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Artery ; Respiration ; Stroke ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasoconstriction* ; Vasodilation