A Clinical observation on 272 cases of epidemic encephalitis admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam University Hospital with 5 year duration from 1971 to 1975 was carried out and the serum protein fractions were studied paperelectrophoretically on 28 cases in 1975 The following results are obtained. : 1) The peak age group was from 6 to 10 years old, and the male to female ratio was 1.7:1 2) The complaints on admission were fever(100%), neck stiffness(78.3%), Kernig's sign(71.7%), vomiting(64.0%), unconsciousness(59.6%), and headache(57.4%), in order of frequency. 3) Laboratory findings were as follows ; In the most cases(79.4%), peripheral leukocytosis with increased polymorphocyte was noted. And the findings of C.S.F. showed; Pleocytosis (98.5%), increased protein content(90.1%), normal or slightly increased sugar content(97.8%) and within normal limits of chloride level. 4) Mortality rate was 20.2% 5) The total protein and beta-globulin level showed no change and decreased albumin and A/G ratio. The gamma-globulin level showed increased initially and thereafter decreased to normlal limits gradually.
Beta-Globulins ; Child ; Encephalitis, Arbovirus* ; Female ; gamma-Globulins ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Mortality ; Neck ; Pediatrics

The clinical data of 27 patiets with hypophosphatemic rickets treated with phosphate and 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D were analysed retrospectively. The median age at diagnosis was 4 years, and the main clinical manifestations were bowleg and short stature. Among total 24 families, 5 families (21%) had X-linked dominant mode of inheritance, 1 family (4%) had autosomal dominant mode and 17 families (71%) had no family history, The serum phosphorus concentration rose from initial value of 2.7+/-0.13mg/dl to 3.5+/-0.19mg/dl. The serum alkaline phosphatase was reduced from 871+/-63IU/L to 393+/-41IU/L. Healing of rickets was demonstrated by radiography. Patients treated for at least two years before the onset of puberty had an increase in the mean height SD score from -1.58 to -0.79. Orthopedic surgeries for severe lower extremity deformity were performed in 11 patients, of whom 8(73%) were dignosed over 5 years of age. Complications of therapy were as follows; 12 patients (44%) developed more than one episode of hypercalciuria, 5 patients (19%) developed more than one episode of hypercalcemia, and nephrocalcinosis was noted in 5(33%) out of 15 patients by renal ultrasound. The group with nephrocalcinosis had a higher incidence of hypercalemic episodes than the group without nephrocalcinosis. In conclusion, treatment of hypophosphatemic rickets results in healing of rickets and acceleration of growth, and we must evaluate complications of therapy such as hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis.
Acceleration ; Adolescent ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hypercalciuria ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Nephrocalcinosis ; Orthopedics ; Phosphorus ; Puberty ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Rickets ; Rickets, Hypophosphatemic* ; Ultrasonography ; Wills

The celiac disease is an immunologic disorder, related to dietary gluten and morphologically characterized by a striking loss of villi in the small intestine and, with it, a marked reduction in the absorptive surface area. The authors experienced a rare case of pathologically confirmed malinant histiocytic lymphoma of jejunum, associated with celiac disease which was histologically manifested with ulcerative jejunitis in a 25-year-old Korean female who had suffered from projectile vomiting for 2 months. We report this case with literature review emphasis on the pathogenesis of malignant neoplasm in celiac disease and pathogenetic relationship between ulcerative jejunitis and celiac disease. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of malignant histiocytic lymphoma complicating celiac disease with ulcerative jejunitis, in Korea.
Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: Mammalian follicle cells are the most important somatic cells which help oocytes grow, mature and ovulate and thus are believed to provide oocytes with various functional and structural components. In the present study we have examined whether cumulus or granulosa cells might play a role in establishing the plasma membrane structure of mouse oocytes during meiotic maturation. DESIGN: In particular the differential resistances of mouse oocytes against chymotrypsin treatment were examined following culture with or without cumulus or granulosa cells, or in these cell-conditioned media. RESULTS: When mouse denuded oocytes, freed from their surrounding cumulus cells, were cultured in vitro for 17~18 hr and then treated with 1% chymotrypsin, half of the oocytes underwent degeneration within 37.5 min (t50=37.5+/-7.5 min) after the treatment. In contrast cumulus-enclosed oocytes showed t50=207.0. Similarly, when oocytes were co-cultured with cumulus cells which were not associated with the oocytes but present in the same medium, the t50 of co-cultured oocytes was 177.5+/-13.1 min. Furthermore, when oocytes were cultured in the cumulus cell-conditioned medium, t50 of these oocytes was 190.0+/-10.8 min whereas t50 of the oocytes cultured in M16 alone was 25.5+/-2.9 min. Granulosa cell-conditioned medium also increased the resistance of oocytes against chymotrypsin treatment such that t50 of oocytes cultured in granulosa cell-conditioned medium was 152.5+/-19.0 min while that of oocytes cultured in M16 alone was 70.0+/-8.2 min. To see what molecular components of follicle cell-conditioned medium are involved in the above effects, the granulosa cell-conditioned medium was separated into two factions by using Microcon-10 membrane filter having a 10 kDa cut-off range. When denuded oocytes were cultured in medium containing the retentate, t50 of the oocytes was 70.0+/-10.5 min. In contrast, t50 of the denuded oocytes cultured in medium containing the filtrate was 142.0+/-26.5 min. T50 of denuded oocytes cultured in medium containing both retentate and filtrate was 188.0+/- 13.6 min. However, t50 of denuded oocytes cultured in M16 alone was 70.0 +/-11.0 min and that of oocytes cultured in whole granulosa cell-conditioned medium was 156.0+/-27.9 min. When surface membrane proteins of oocytes were electrophoretically analyzed, no difference was found between the protein profiles of oocytes cultured in M16 alone and of those cultured in the filtrate. CONCLUSIONS: Based upon these results, it is concluded that mouse follicle cells secrete a factor(s) which enhance the resistance of mouse oocytes against a proteolytic enzyme treatment. The factor appears to be a small molecules having a molecular weight less than 10 kDa.
Animals ; Cell Membrane ; Chymotrypsin* ; Cumulus Cells ; Female ; Granulosa Cells ; Membrane Proteins ; Membranes ; Mice* ; Molecular Weight ; Oocytes*

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between change in obesity indices and change in serum lipids in adult male workers. Two-hundred-eight adult male workers of an industry in Taegu city were followed-up from 1991 to 1995. Height, weight, circumferences of hip and waist, blood pressure were measured and serum lipids were analysed. Data on life style were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. Mean differences of anthropometric measurements between 1991 and 1995 were as follows; 1.63kg in weight, 3.61cm in waist circumferences, 4.23cm in hip circumferences, 0.52kg/m2 in BMI and -0.021 in WHR. Those of lipids were as follows; 15.09mg/dl in total cholesterol, 20.43mg/dl in triglyceride, 9.40mg/dl in HDL-cholesterol, 2.87 in MI-index(p<0.01) and 350mg/dl in LDL-cholesterol. The changed value of BMI and Katsura index were strongly correlated with that of total cholesterol(r=0.174, p<0.05), the changed value of BMI correlated with that of triglyceride(r=0.374, p<0.01) and the changed value of weight correlated with that of MI index(r=-0.173, p<0.05). The changed value of WHR was significantly correlated with that of total cholesterol(r=0.162, p<0.05), however, was not significantly correlated with HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and MI index. The changed value of weight, BMI and Katsura index were correlated with that of triglyceride(r=0.262, p<0.01; r=0.267, p<0.01; r=0.258, p<0.01) and the changed value of MI index(r=-0.143, p<0.05; r=-0.158; r=-0.144, p<0.01), adjusting the pattern of change in life style. The changed values of HDL-cholesterol and MI index between 1991 and 1995 in low WHR group were significantly higher than those in high WHR group(p<0.05, p<0.01), adjusting the baseline value of them. Similar pattern was observed when considering Katsura index. When stratifying by BMI value of 1991, in low BMI group, the changed value of HDL-cholesterol and MI index showed the same pattern as above, however the of triglyceride was statistically higher in obese group than in non obese group(p<0.05). In conclusion BMI might be a better indicator to predict serum lipids change than other obesity indices.
Adult* ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Daegu ; Hip ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male* ; Obesity* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference

A case of autonephrectomized tuberculosis of right kidney in 14-year old boy, complaining of abdominal pain, fever, and fist sized mass in right upper abdomen was reported with a brief review of the related literature.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent ; Fever ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Male ; Tuberculosis*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the effect of job stress, coping behavior, and hardiness on burnout in nurses in the emergency department (ED). METHODS: Data were acquired via self-reporting questionnaires from 148 nurses in EDs at one general hospital, four university hospitals, and six hospitals with >200 beds. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 program through descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference in burnout was observed with respect to the age of the nurses. Burnout was positively correlated with job stress and wishful thinking and detachment, among coping behaviors, and was negatively correlated with hardiness. Job stress and wishful thinking, among coping behaviors, were significant predictors of burnout and were observed in 14.9% of the nurses who experienced burnout. CONCLUSION: According to our results, job stress was identified as the most significant factor which influenced burnout in ED nurse's. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement educational programs for reducing job stress and minimizing the use of wishful thinking as a coping behavior in order to alleviate the burnout in ED nurses.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Thinking

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the effect of job stress, coping behavior, and hardiness on burnout in nurses in the emergency department (ED). METHODS: Data were acquired via self-reporting questionnaires from 148 nurses in EDs at one general hospital, four university hospitals, and six hospitals with >200 beds. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 program through descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference in burnout was observed with respect to the age of the nurses. Burnout was positively correlated with job stress and wishful thinking and detachment, among coping behaviors, and was negatively correlated with hardiness. Job stress and wishful thinking, among coping behaviors, were significant predictors of burnout and were observed in 14.9% of the nurses who experienced burnout. CONCLUSION According to our results, job stress was identified as the most significant factor which influenced burnout in ED nurse's. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement educational programs for reducing job stress and minimizing the use of wishful thinking as a coping behavior in order to alleviate the burnout in ED nurses.

OBJECTIVE: Unexpected Solitaire stent detachment can occur during mechanical Solitaire thrombectomy. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the influencing factors causing unexpected Solitaire stent detachment and the clinical outcomes. METHODS: Between October 2011 to December 2013, 232 cases of mechanical Solitaire thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke were performed in 3 stroke centers. During this period, we encountered unexpected Solitaire stent detachments during mechanical Solitaire thrombectomies in 9 cases. RESULTS: Solitaire stents unexpectedly detached in 9 cases (3.9%) during the retrieval of Solitaire stents. The median patient age was 76 years. The occlusion sites of the unexpected stent detachment were the proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 7 cases and the internal carotid artery in 2 cases. The sizes of the stents that unexpectedly detached were 6x30 mm in 7 cases, 5x30 mm in 1 case, and 4x20 mm in 1 case. Four patients had unexpected detachment at the first retrieval, 1 patient at the second, 3 patients at the third, and 1 patient at the fifth. In all of the cases of unexpected detachment at the first retrieval, the stent deployment site was the proximal MCA. After detachment, a proximal marker of the Solitaire stent was observed in 3 patients. However, no marker was visible in the remaining 6 patients. CONCLUSION: Unexpected Solitaire stent detachment should be considered in the first instance of stent retrieval for a relatively large-diameter stent, especially in elderly patients with MCA occlusions.
Aged ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Humans ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents* ; Stroke ; Thrombectomy*

There had been total 20 patients with early onset(4 months~2 years) primary nephrotic syndrome in the Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, during the period from March 1987 to February 1993. We analysed clinical courses, response to treatment, pathological findings and prognosis of the patients And the results were as follows; 1) The initial responders to steroid treatment were 10(50%), of whom 3 became late nonresponders. Of the 10 initial nonresponders, 8 revealed continuing nonresponsiveness. 2) Incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in the intial nonresponders than in the initial responders. 3) Renal biopsies were performed in 9 initial nonresponders and 2 late nonresponders. And the results were 6 with minimal change lesion, 4 with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and 1 with mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis. 4) Six continuing or late nonresponders received methylprednisolone pulse therapy or cyclophosphamide. And partial remission was induced in 4 of them. 5) The overall 3 year maintenance rate of normal renal function was 81%(100% in the initial responders and 64% in the initial nonresponders). In conclusion, the initial steroid responsiveness and prognosis were poorer in patients with early onset nephrotic syndrome than in patients with usual childhood nephrotic syndrome.
Biopsy ; Cyclophosphamide ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Methylprednisolone ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Pediatrics ; Prognosis ; Seoul