No abstract available.
Skull Base* ; Skull*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Hematoma*

Anterior cervical microforaminotomy is the one of surgical options for treating cervical spondylotic lesions manifested by radiculopathy or myelopathy. This minimally invasive surgical procedure is gaining popularity due to the recent trends of avoidance of spinal fusion resulting in loss of the physiologic spinal motion and developing a future adjacent segment syndrome. Although the spinal fusion still remains a gold standard procedure for degenerative cervical spinal diseases, the eager for maintaining the function of the motion segment is another issue for contemporary spinal surgeons. Anterior cervical microforaminotomy is a target-oriented operation that decompresses the nerve root or spinal cord without destruction of the spinal anatomical functional unit. Unlike to other procedures including total or partial resection of the intervertebral disc, this surgical procedure removes only a small part of the uncovertebral joint or vertebral body. Through this narrow corridor, adequate decompression of the nerve root or spinal cord can be achieved while preserving functional motion. Technical variations of the original anterior cervical microforaminotomy have been continuously developed to minimize the concerns for the postoperative disc height loss and instability. As of now, the anterior cervical microforaminotomy and its technical variations have been proved to be an excellent procedure for treating the cervical spondylotic radiculopathy from literatures review. But the long-term clinical results and the efficacy of the procedure for cervical myelopathy still remain to be seen.
Decompression ; Intervertebral Disc ; Joints ; Radiculopathy ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spinal Diseases ; Spinal Fusion

No abstract available.
Hemangioblastoma* ; Spinal Cord*

BACKGROUND: Restoring the orbital cavity in large blow out fractures is a challenge for surgeons due to the anatomical complexity. This study evaluated the clinical outcomes and orbital volume after orbital wall fracture repair using a rapid prototyping (RP) technique and intraoperative navigation system. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on the medical records and radiology records of 12 patients who had undergone a unilateral blow out fracture reconstruction using a RP technique and an intraoperative navigation system from November 2014 to March 2015. The surgical results were assessed by an ophthalmic examination and a comparison of the preoperative and postoperative orbital volume ratio (OVR) values. RESULTS: All patients had a successful treatment outcome without complications. Volumetric analysis revealed a significant decrease in the mean OVR from 1.0952±0.0662 (ranging from 0.9917 to 1.2509) preoperatively to 0.9942±0.0427 (ranging from 0.9394 to 1.0680) postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The application of a RP technique for the repair of orbital wall fractures is a useful tool that may help improve the clinical outcomes by understanding the individual anatomy, determining the operability, and restoring the orbital cavity volume through optimal implant positioning along with an intraoperative navigation system.
Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures ; Prospective Studies ; Surgeons ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
Stroke Volume*

PURPOSE: Hands are the chief organs for physically manipulating the environment, using anywhere from the roughest motor skills to the finest, and since the fingertips contain some of the densest areas of nerve endings on the human body, they are continuously used organ with complex functions, and therefore, often gets injured. To prevent any functional loss, a detailed anatomical knowledge is required to have a perfect surgical treatment. Also it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of arrangements of the human extensor tendons and intertendinous connections when tenoplasty or tendon transfer is required. We performed a study of the arrangements of the human extensor tendons and the configuration of the intertendinous connections over the dorsum of the wrist and hand. METHODS: A total of 58 hands from Korean cadavers were dissected. The arrangements of extensor indicis proprius, extensor digitorum communis, and extensor digiti minimi tendons and intertendinous connections were studied. RESULTS: The most common distribution patterns of the extensor tendons of the fingers were as follows: a single extensor indicis proprius(EIP) tendon which inserted ulnar to the extensor digitorum-index(EDC-index); a single EDC-index; a single EDC-middle; a double EDC-ring; an absent EDC-little; a double extensor digiti minimi(EDM), a single EDC-index(98.3%), a single EDC-middle(62%), a double EDC-ring(50%), and an absent(65.5%) or a single (32.8%) EDC-little. A double(70.6%) EDM tendons were seen. Intertendinous connections were classified into 3 types: type 1 with thin filamentous type, type 2 with a thick filamentous type, and type 3 with a tendinous type subdivided to r shaped 3r type and y shaped 3y type. The most common patterns were type 1 in the 2nd intermetacarpal space, type 2 in the 3rd intermetacarpal space, and type 3r in the 4th intermetacarpal space. And in the present study, we observed one case of the extensor digitorum brevis manus(EDBM) on the boht side. CONCLUSION: A knowledge of both the usual and possible variations of the extensor tendon and the intertendinous connection is useful in the identification and repair of these structures.
Cadaver ; Fingers ; Hand ; Human Body ; Humans ; Motor Skills ; Nerve Endings ; Tendon Transfer ; Tendons ; Wrist

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent complication in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In clinical practice, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is often estimated from serum creatinine. Recently, serum cystatin C has been suggested being a better parameter for diagnosis of impaired renal function. We evaluated serum cystatin C as a potential new marker of GFR in diabetes patients. METHODS: Serum cystatin C and serum creatinine (sCr) were measured in 73 DM patients to evaluate their usefulness in diabetic patients. DM patients were divided into three groups (whole DM patients, albuminuric patients, and DM patients with sCr<1 mg/dL). Serum cystatin C and sCr were compared with creatinine clearance (CCr). RESULTS: The overall correlation coefficient for the reciprocal of serum cystatin C was superior to that of the reciprocal of serum creatinine in all three patient groups. With CCr cut-off values of 60 mL/min and 80 mL/min, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plotting demonstrated that serum cystatin C had a higher sensitivity and specificity for detecting decreased GFR than did serum creatinine in all three patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that serum cystatin C is superior to serum creatinine as a marker of GFR measured by correction or mean ROC-plot AUC in diabetic patients; therefore, serum cystatin C could be used for the early detection of the impairment of renal function.
Area Under Curve ; Creatinine ; Cystatin C* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Diagnosis ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Nocardiosis refers to a locally invasive or disseminated infection associated with the Nocardia species. Most infections enter through the respiratory tract and then disseminate systemically. Rarely can a primary nocardial infection of the skin spread to contiguous structures or disseminate to other internal organs in immunocompromised hosts. We describe a 70-year-old woman who suffered from recurrent nodular skin lesions on her right hand, forearm and elbow following inoculation of a traumatic injury. Analysis of the purulent exudates obtained from the nodule revealed Nocardia species. After 20 days, a chest X-ray showed newly developed multiple nodules in both lungs. The diagnosis of systemic nocardiosis was established, and we treated this case with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Aged ; Elbow ; Exudates and Transudates ; Female ; Forearm ; Hand ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Lung ; Nocardia ; Nocardia Infections ; Respiratory System ; Skin ; Thorax ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination