Recently the internal rigid fixation with plates and screws became popular procedure. In the cases of the zygomatic fracture, it is sufficient to fix more than 2 point in many studies. Therefore, the internal rigid fixation requires the aggressive incision to expose the zygoma, such as coronal incision. Since many patients are afraid of this aggressive operation, we have provided a simple and effective method which is a 3-dimensional one point fixation on the zygomaticofrontal suture with X-shaped(6-hole) miniplate for the treatment of zygomatic fractures. From March 1995 to september 1995, we treated 13 cases of zygomatic fractures by open reduction and X-shaped miniplate fixation on the zygomaticofrontal suture. The results were as follows: 1) plane to plane contact on each side of the fracture with one point X-shaped miniplate. 2) 91.8% correction on Water's views, and 93.3% correction on zygomatic arch view with one point fixation. 3) patients were satisfied with these procedures because of minimal incision, mild edema and low operation price (short operation & anesthetic time, one plate & 6 screws cost).
Edema ; Humans ; Sutures ; Zygoma ; Zygomatic Fractures*

No abstract available.
Drinking*

BACKGROUND: Majority of hypertension is essential in type, so its clear cue usually is not found, and the patients are tend to be persisted of psychopathy such as emotional tension, depression, anger, anxiety and psychologic conflict, also not to be adapted to stressful event. So we decide to survey the personality characteristics of essential hypertensive patients and factors of psychopathology. METHODS: Patient group-50 persons(male 23, female 27) are selected in the course of antihypertensive medication, being in or outpatient treatment at the dept. of F.M. or I.M. in Kae-jung, Dae-sung or Jung-ang Hospital from August 1, 1995 to July 31, 1996. Control group 52 persons(male 25, female 27) are selected. Exclusision criteria are any clinical disease hystory, over 140/90mmHg of BP, under 20-year old age or no cooperation. We assessment of the MMPI, BDI and STAI results about both group. RESULTS: Comparing hypertensive group with normal control group, significantly higher F, Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Pt and Sc scales of MMPI and BDI(p<0.01), and anxiety scale of STAI(p<0.05). There were no significant differences in all scales comparing between both sexs in the hypertensive and control groups, except comparing hypertensive male with hypertensive female in Pt scale(p<0.05) and control female with control male in Hy scale(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Comparing essential hypertensive group with normal control group, significant higher score was found in scales of Hypochondriasis, Depression, Hysteria, Psychopathic deviate, Psychasthenia, Schizophrenia and anxiety. And in the treatment of hypertensive patient with antihypertensive drugs, appropriate additive psychotherapy appears useful in the case of revealing psychopathy.
Anger ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Anxiety* ; Cues ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; Life Change Events ; Male ; MMPI ; Outpatients ; Psychopathology ; Psychotherapy ; Schizophrenia ; Weights and Measures ; Young Adult

M-mode, pulsed Doppler and Doppler color flow mapping, in addition to two-dimensional echocardiography, have greatly improved imaging of the fetal heart through identification of abnormal cardiac anatomy and rhythm in utero. The early detection of cardiac disturbance in utero permits alteration in obstetric management such as delivery in a high-risk center for optimal neonatal care and/or decision in optimal delivery time. We report two cases of the neonatal arrhy-thmia which were observed by fetal echocardiography. In the first case, female baby showed neonatal arrhythmias including tachycardia and brady-cardia until 3 days after birth, and then turned to bradyarrhythmia due to non-conducted atrial bigeminy. These events lead us to review the fetal echocardiographs of the patient carefully. Premature atrial contractions were observed in her fetal echocardiography. At 2 months after birth, the patient's electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm. Severe neonatal bradycardia of the second case was due to congenital complete heart block, identified clearly by electrocardiogram after birth. This case also showed complete heart block in her fetal echocardiography. After insertion of the temporary pacemaker, cardiomegaly was improved. Both the neonate and the mother had positive anti-SSA/Ro autoantibody. But any other symptoms and signs of neonatal lupus did not appear in the neonate. Patient's mother also did not show any symptoms and signs of systemic lupus erythematosus. Since the prognosis depends upon the cause of bradyarrhythmia in fetus and neonates, differential diagnosis is important in obstetric management and optimal neonatal treatment.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Atrial Premature Complexes ; Bradycardia ; Cardiomegaly ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Fetal Heart ; Fetus ; Heart Block ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Prognosis ; Tachycardia

Anthracnose symptoms severely occurred up to 50% on leaves of English ivy growing in greenhouses in Cheongwon area of Korea during disease survey in April, 2000. The symptoms developed as concentric spots with dot-like acervuli on leaves of the plant. A total of 24 isolates of Colletotrichum sp. were obtained from the spotted lesions and identified as Colletotrichum trichellum based on the morphological and cultural characteristics. Leaf spots similar to the original anthracnose symptoms were induced on the host leaves by artificial inoculation with the isolates of the fungus. This is the first record of C. trichellum causing anthracnose of English ivy in Korea.
Colletotrichum* ; Cultural Characteristics ; Fungi ; Hedera* ; Korea* ; Plants

No abstract available.
Intra-Articular Fractures* ; Tibia*

Chemotherapeutic agents were evaluated for their effect on the development of urinary bladder tumors, induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. For 16 weeks, 0.05% BBN was administered orally, and then chemotherapeutic agents (adriamycin and cisplatin) were injected intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. In our preliminary experimental series, an experimental bladder tumor model induced by BBN was useful in evaluating the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. Cisplatin appears to be effective in inhibiting precancerous histologic changes and carcinoma in rat urinary bladder mucosa by BBN. However, the effectiveness of adriamycin was inconclusive.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis* ; Cisplatin ; Doxorubicin ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal* ; Mucous Membrane ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic role of a three-dimensional MR cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) over endoscopic retrograde cholangio- pancreatography(ERCP) in various extrah-epatic biliary disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRCP and ERCP were performed in 45 consecutive patients with suspected extrahepatic biliary diseases. MRCP was obtained using a reverse fast imaging with a steady-state free precession (reverse FISP : PSIF) sequences, and then images were reconstructed by standard MIP algorithm. The predictability of biliary dilatation and level of obstruction of MRCP was evaluated using ERCP as a gold standard. The accuracy distinguishing malignant from benign lesions, and overall diagnostic accuracy were compared between MRCP and ERCP. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRCP in predicting biliary dilatation were 94.6%, 75.0% and 91.1%, respectively. The level of obstruction was accurate in 87.0% with MRCP. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy MRCP and ERCP in distinguishing malignant from benign lesions were 76.2%, 87.5% and 82.2% and 71.4%, 83.3% and 77.8%, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 60.0% with MRCP and 55.6% with ERCP. CONCLUSION: 3D MRCP shows a good diagnostic value compared to that of ERCP, and can replace a ERCP.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity

We performed ERCP manometry of Sphincter of Oddi(SO) before and after endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) for evaluation of the effect af EST on the SO. The subjects were postcholecystectomized common bile duct stone patients(n=l2) and EST was performed by major incision. The pressure gradient between common bile duct and duodenum before EST (8.6 + 3.9 mmHg) decreased significantly after EST(2.4 +1.7 mmHg). The length of SO before EST(8.8 + 0.8mmHg) decreased significantly after EST(2.5 + 0.8mm). But in each patient, the pressure gradient between common bile duct and duodenum remained in spite of the major incision. In conclusion, EST alters the function of the sphincter of the Oddi, but does not destroy its all protective function. The positive pressure in the bile duct is preserved in contrast to the absolute loss of pressure following surgical transduodenal sphincteroplasty.
Bile Ducts ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Common Bile Duct ; Duodenum ; Humans ; Manometry* ; Sphincter of Oddi* ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic* ; Sphincterotomy, Transhepatic

Pelvic fistulas may result from obstetric complications, inflammatory bowel disease, pelvic malignancy, pelvic radiation therapy, pelvic surgery, or other traumatic causes, and their symptoms may be distressing. In our experience, various types of pelvic fistulas are identified after pelvic disease or pelvic surgery. Because of its close proximity, the majority of such fistulas occur in the pelvic cavity and include the vesicovaginal, vesicouterine, vesicoenteric, ureterovaginal, ureteroenteric and enterovaginal type. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the spectrum of imaging features of pelvic fistulas.
Bladder Fistula/diagnosis/etiology ; Female ; Fistula/*diagnosis/*etiology ; Human ; Intestinal Fistula/diagnosis/etiology ; *Pelvis ; Ureteral Diseases/diagnosis/etiology ; Urinary Fistula/diagnosis/etiology ; Uterine Diseases/diagnosis/etiology ; Vaginal Fistula/diagnosis/etiology