No abstract available.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length*

We experinced a case of 4p+ syndrome in male infant. He had multiple anomalies such as flat occiput, hypertelorism, low set malformed ear, lower anterior hair line, depressed nose, broad nasal bridge, bilateral complete cleft lip and palate, short neck, unusual position of fingers, ventricular septal defect and umblical hernia. He menifested growth and developmental retardation. Karyotype with banding revealed an extra short arm of chromosome 4. The mother's karyotype was normal. His father and father's sister had a translocation between the short arm of chromosome 4 and the short arm of chromosome 9; their karyotypes were 46, XY, t(4;9) and 46, XX, t(4;9), respectively. In this case, trisomy 4p was the result of parental balanced translocatiom. As this is the first case in Korea, it is worthwhile to report with reviewing literature.
Arm ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Cleft Lip ; Ear ; Fathers ; Fingers ; Growth and Development ; Hair ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Hernia ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Infant ; Karyotype ; Korea ; Male ; Neck ; Nose ; Palate ; Parents ; Siblings ; Trisomy

Fetal echocardiography is used by means of decleration of fetal cardiac anaztomy, to estabilish the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in utero. We attemped fetal echocardiography to ninty three pregnant women after intra uterine period 24 weeks, and estimated cardiac circumference, cardiac axis, pulmonary atery root diameter, arortic root diameter, diameter of inferior vena cava, diameter of superior ve studied how these estimates associate with following gestational na cava, and fractional shortening of ventricles. We ages. Cardiac axis was on the average 37.28 degree and cardiac apex was located in anterior left side of chest area. Aortic root diameter was 0.227 GA-0.043mm (GA=gestational age) at systolic phase, 0.203 GA+0.421mm at diastolic phase. Pulmonaly root diameter was 0.271 GA-0.029mm at systolic phase, 0.251 GA-0.067mm at diastolic phase. Thoracic aorta diameter was 0.195 GA+0.109mm at systolic phase, 0.198 GA+0.794mm at diastolic phase. Fractional shortening was 0.24 (1 Standard Deviation=0.11) in right ventricle, 0.23(1 SD=0.154) at left ventricle, and so ratio of right and left ventricle was 1.04(1 SD=0.51). Once normal fetal cardiac anatomy is understood, structural defects and/or alternation of function can be evaluated antenatally.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Pregnant Women ; Thorax ; Vena Cava, Inferior

PURPOSE: We explored the prognostic significance of obesity for the surgical and hormonal treatment of prostate cancer in correlation with the other prognostic factors such as Gleason's sum, the clinicopathologic stage, and the pre- and post treatment prostate specific antigen (PSA) changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on 132 consecutive patients who had received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (108 patients) or radical prostatectomy (24 patients) under the diagnosis of prostate cancer via transrectal prostatic biopsy from July 1993 to May 2003 in our hospital. Obesity was evaluated in terms of the body mass index (BMI), and the patients were categorized into four groups according to the National Institute of Health (NIH) classification. The relationship between the BMI and the other prognostic factors were statistically analyzed by One-way ANOVA test and the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS: There were no significant associations between the BMI and any of the measured clinical and pathological parameters except for the time to hormone failure and biochemical recurrence. In the ADI group, the mean time to hormone failure was significantly longer in case of the low BMI group compared to the normal and overweight groups (p<0.006). Sperman's correlation analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between the BMI and the PSA free survival after radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings showed that the BMI is closely related to the failure to hormone treatment after ADI and the BMI was also related to the biological failures after radical prostatectomy.
Biopsy ; Body Mass Index ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Obesity* ; Overweight ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatectomy* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

We have experienced acute hepatitis after general anesthesia. We guess that acute hepatitis is caused by enflurane anesthesia. We will report this case with references. A 34 year old pregnant woman suffered from preeclamsia. She admitted for emergence repeat cesarean-section due to labor pain. In this operation general anesthesia was performanced with enflurane. The preoperative liver enzyme were normal and other tests were within normal range. She developed high fever, marked elevation of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT)/serum glutamic pyrubic transaminase(SGPT)/ alkaline phosphatase(ALP)/total bilirunbin(T-B) on the 2nd postoperative day. She recovered gradually and discharged after 13 day's hospitalization. A possible cause of the acute hepatitis in this case were considered to be the enflurane.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Enflurane* ; Female ; Fever ; Hepatitis* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Labor Pain ; Liver ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Reference Values

Authors experienced a case of A3B in a 46-year-old patient with liver cirrhosis and two cases of A3 in her children by family study. A3 subgroups were confirmed by delayed and weak positive with anti-A and anti-A,B, negative in anti-A1 lectin, adsorption-elution test, and family study. We report a family case of A3B and A3 with brief review of literatures.
Child ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Middle Aged

In several human tumors, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) are activated and interact; how these STAT3–NFκB complexes are transported to the nucleus is not fully understood. In this study, we found that Rac1 was activated in starved cancer cells and that activated Rac1 coexisted with STAT3 and NFκB. Rac1 knockdown and overexpression of the dominant-negative mutant Rac1N19 inhibited the degradation of IκBα, an inhibitor of NFκB. MG132, an inhibitor of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, increased the amount of non-phosphorylated IκBα, but not serine-phosphorylated IκBα, indicating that IκBα degradation by Rac1 in starved cancer cells is independent of IκBα serine phosphorylation by IKK. Rac1 knockdown also inhibited the nuclear translocation of STAT3–NFκB complexes, indicating that this translocation requires activated Rac1. We also demonstrated that the mutant STAT3 Y705F could form complexes with NFκB, and these unphosphorylated STAT3–NFκB complexes translocated into the nucleus and upregulated the activity of NFκB in starved cancer cells, suggesting that phosphorylation of STAT3 is not essential for its translocation. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the crucial role of Rac1 in the function of STAT3–NFκB complexes in starved cancer cells and implies that targeting Rac1 may have future therapeutic significance in cancer therapy.
Humans ; Phosphorylation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Serine ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; Ubiquitin

To evaluate a relationship of lumbar lordosis between asymptomatic group and low back pain group, lumbar lordotic angle was measured from standing lateral lumbosacral roentogenogram of 360 men and women between 20 and 49 years of age. We excluded the patients with back deformity, moderate to severe degenerative change of lumbosacral spine, leg length discrepency, and degenerative change of lower leg in both groups. The lumber lordodsis angle was measured with two ways, lumbosacral angle and lumbolumbar angle respectively. Two angles have a line parallel to the top of second lumbar vertebra as the proximal boundary. The distal border of the lumbosacral angle is a line parallel to the top of sacrum. The distal border of the lumbolumbar angle is a line parallel to the bottom of fifth lumbar vertebra. With statistical analysis of the results, we came to followiing conclusion: 1. The mean lumbolumbar angle was 33.62° +0.62° (SEM: standard error of the mean) and the mean lumbosacral angle was 49.91° +0.59° in asymptomatic group. 2. The mean lumbolumbar angle was 34.79° +0.68° and the mean lumbosacral angle was 50.35° +0.76° in low back pain group. 3. No significant difference in lumbosacral and lumbolsacral angle between asymptomatic and low back pain group was identified using general linear models procedure(P>0.5). 4. Analyzing the data by sex, no significant difference in lumbosacral and lumbosacral angle was identified using general linear models procudure(P>0.05). 5. Analyzing the data by age group, no significant difference in lumbosacral angle was identified (P>0.05), but significant difference in lumbolsacral angle was identified using general linear models procedure(P=0.0045).
Animals ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Linear Models ; Lordosis ; Low Back Pain ; Male ; Sacrum ; Spine

OBJECTIVE: Taxol (paclitaxel)-induced apoptosis was studied to understand their biological mechanism correlated with the expression of p53 in the SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cell lines were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium without taxol (control group) and with taxol for 24 h and 48 h (experimental group). After harvest, the cells were stained with annexin V-FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) and anti-cytokeratin antibodies (clone CAM5.2 and clone MNF116). They were washed and stained with p53 antibody. After then the secondary antibodies, i.e., FITC- or phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated goat anti-mouse (GAM) immunoglobulin G (GAM IgG-FITC or GAM IgG-PE) were added in the cells and they were incubated in the dark. DNA of these cells were stained sequentially with propidium iodide (PI). Standard FACScan equipped with a 488 nm single laser was used for the analysis of these cells. RESULTS: Both of SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cell lines were arrested in the G2M phase after treatment of taxol, suggesting that these cells would eventually enter into the stage of cell death. Fractions of negative cytokeratin and positive annexin V and amount of sub-G0G1 fraction indicative of apototic fractions were lower in the SKOV-3 cell line compared with that in OVCAR-3 cell line, probably as a result of lower sensitivity of SKOV-3 cell line to the taxol. p53 expression were not detected in SKOV-3 cell line. On the basis of observed findings in SKOV-3 cell line and findings of high expressions of p53 regardless of taxol treatment, no increases in their expressions according to culturing time, and gradual increases in sub-G0G1 fractions and in fractions of negative cytokeratin and positive annexin V indicative of apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cell line, we concluded that the expression of p53 would not be associated with cell cycle changes and the arrest in the G2M pahse but associated with the appearance of apotosis. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that flow cytometric detection of the apoptotic fractions would be an effective, fast, and accurate method for the chemosensitivity test in tumor cells before the administration of anti-cancer drugs in gynecologic cancer patients.
Annexin A5 ; Antibodies ; Apoptosis* ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Death ; Cell Line* ; Clone Cells ; DNA ; Flow Cytometry ; Goats ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Keratins ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Paclitaxel ; Phycoerythrin ; Propidium

A sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary system is a rare malignant tumor, composed of both epithelial and stromal cells, is regarded as a similar disease entity to a carcinosarcoma. In Korea, only 1 case of primary sarcomatoid carcinoma and 4 cases of carcinosarcoma involving the bladder have been reported, but to date, no case of primary sarcomatoid carcinoma involving the renal pelvis has been reported. Recently, we experienced a case of sarcomatoid carcinoma involving the right renal pelvis in a 67-year-old male patient with intermittent gross hematuria. A CT scan demonstrated a 5x4cm sized mass in the right renal pelvis. Under the diagnosis of a right renal pelvic tumor, a right nephroureterectomy, with bladder cuff excision, was performed. The tumor was composed mostly of pleomorphic spindle cells, and in the peripheral part of the tumor and renal pelvis, a high grade transitional cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma was also found. The tumor was pathologically confirmed as a primary sarcomatoid carcinoma of the renal pelvis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Carcinosarcoma ; Diagnosis ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis* ; Korea ; Male ; Pelvis ; Stromal Cells ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urinary Bladder