BACKGROUND: For Neer type IIB fracture of distal clavicle with coracoclavicular ligament injury, various surgical treatments have been used in literatures. However, there was no consensus on the optimal treatment. The aim of this study is to report the clinical and radiological results of open reduction and internal fixation of unstable distal clavicle fracture and suture augmentation of disrupted coracoclavicular ligament. METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 23 patients with Neer type IIB distal clavicle fracture in Seoul Medical Center, Eulji Hospital, and National Medical Center. Firstly, suture anchors are inserted in the base of coracoid process and preliminary reduction was achieved by tie-off of three suture limbs around the clavicle. Then, the final fixation was completed with anatomical locking plate. Bony union and the distance between coracoclavicular ligaments were evaluated. Clinical results and complications including stiffness and secondary procedures were evaluated. RESULTS: Bony union was achieved in all cases except one (22 of 23). At mean 14.9 months, no significant difference in the mean coracoclavicular distance was observed compared to uninjured shoulder (8.2 +/- 7.9 mm versus 7.3 +/- 3.4 mm, p=0.14). Pain visual analogue scale, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Constant score, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score were 0.5, 83.4, 78.5, and 6.2, respectively. Revision surgery was performed in one case of nonunion. Four patients who complained of skin irritation underwent implant removal. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of an unstable distal clavicle fracture with coracoclavicular ligament disruption, satisfactory clinical results were obtained by locking plate fixation and coracoclavicular ligament suture augmentation concurrently.
Arm ; Clavicle* ; Consensus ; Elbow ; Extremities ; Hand ; Humans ; Ligaments* ; Prospective Studies ; Seoul ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Fractures ; Skin ; Suture Anchors ; Sutures*

Glomus tumor is a kind of hemangioma that occurs at the glomerulus in the subcutaneous layer. It mainly occurs at the distal hand and subungual area, and rarely at the knee joint. Pain, tenderness, and cold intolerance are known symptoms; however, symptoms in practice are not so easily detectable, and the diagnosis can be delayed if it is presented at areas other than the hand. If the diagnosis is delayed, patients could suffer extreme pain. Therefore, early diagnosis and surgical treatment are important. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were used to diagnose glomus tumor in our cases, which were found in subcutaneous tissue and muscle fascia. We claim that, for patients with persistent pain, known symptoms—extreme pain, cold intolerance, and tenderness—should be examined carefully and rule out glomus tumor. We report 2 cases of glomus tumors around the knee joint, which is not a common location of occurrence.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Fascia ; Glomus Tumor* ; Hand ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Knee* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVES: The evaluation of disability after trauma in psychiatry is relatively subjective compared with other departments. A consensus among evaluators could improve reliability of evaluations. We compared disability rate of common psychiatric disorders without definite brain injury depending on their diagnosis from experienced evaluators in Korea. METHODS: A written questionnaire was mailed to each evaluator and the reply was analyzed. The questions included disability rate ranges of postconcussional syndrome, PTSD and depression. Other questions related with admission for evaluation, expected duration of treatment, life expectancy and need of supporting person were also asked. RESULTS: Range of disability rate were from 8.6+/-4.5% to 26.6+/-12.8% in postconcussional syndrome, from 10.4+/-6.8% to 36.4+/-13.8% in PTSD and from 10.0+/-4.6% to 30.6+/-10.3% in depressive disorder. There were lots of diversity in expected duration of treatment with psychiatric disability. Decline of life expectancy and need of supporting person were considered at least 50% of disability. CONCLUSION: There is much diversity in evaluation of psychiatric disabilities with disability rate and expected duration of treatments even among experienced evaluators. A common consensus among experts may increase reliability of psychiatric evaluations after trauma.
Brain Injuries ; Consensus ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Expectancy ; Postal Service ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Purpose: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) using dual mobility components (DMC) is a reasonable surgical option for displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients, resulting in lower dislocation rates and improved stability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes and risk factors responsible for mortality in elderly patients who were diagnosed with a displaced femoral neck fracture and had undergone DMC-THA. Materials and Methods: Out of 147 cases of THA from December 2018 to June 2020, a total of 79 cases were enrolled in this study, with the following characteristics: (1) Garden stage III or IV, (2) over 75 years of age, and (3) over 1 year of follow-up. All the patients received DMC-THA surgery using the anterolateral approach. Results: The mean follow-up period was 15.0±8.43 months and a total of one dislocation case was observed. The mortality rate was 17.7% (14/79), and it was especially higher in patients with a past medical history of malignancy (odds ratio [OR]=7.18, p=0.03) or a cognitive disorder such as dementia (OR=5.48, p=0.03). Preoperative low initial hemoglobin levels (OR=0.65, p=0.04) and low UCLA (Uni-versity of California at Los Angeles) score (OR=0.47, p=0.02) were also associated with mortality. Conclusion When considering THA as a treatment approach in elderly patients with a displaced femoral neck fracture, a high mortality rate is expected in patients with low preoperative hemoglobin levels or a history of malignancy or cognitive disorders. Hence, thorough monitoring and management should be undertaken before and after surgery.

OBJECTIVE: As the geriatric admission and geropsychiatric consultation increase, more study was needed about geropsychiatric consultation. This comparative study investigates the character of geropsychiatric consultation in general hospital. METHOD: We compared 22 young patients (25(age<45) with 55 elderly patients ((65) who are consulted to neuropsychiatry department for the first time for 3 months (2004. 1. 1-2004. 3. 31) in Kang-Dong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University. Data on patterns of consultation, demography, psychiatric and physical illness were collected and analyzed. RESULT: 1) The rate of psychiatric consultations for elderly patients was 6.2%, and this rate was much higher than 1.9% of young patients. 2) There were no significant difference in referral department between the elderly group and the control group, and internal medicine was the most common referral department in both groups. 3) The main reasons of consultations were alcohol related problems and psychiatric follow up in order in control group, but sleep disturbance and disorientation in order in elderly group. 4) In elderly group, the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses made by consultants were organic brain disorder such as dementia and delirium, but in control group, they were functional psychiatric disorder such as alcohol related disorder and psychosis. 5) Psychotropic drug and follow-up consultation were two most frequent recommendations from consultants in both group. But recommendations for psychotherapy and psychosocial management were rare in both groups. 6) There were significant difference only in psychiatric transfer among compliance for psychiatric consultation between the elderly group and the control group. Compliance for recommendations were low in both groups. 7) In both group, only one follow up consultation was done. And OPD follow up after discharge was rare in both groups. CONCLUSION: Elderly patients need more psychiatric consultations than younger patients and has different characteristics in pattern of consultations. Further studies are warranted on geropsychiatric consultation in Korea.
Aged* ; Brain Diseases ; Compliance ; Consultants ; Delirium ; Dementia ; Demography ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Korea ; Neuropsychiatry ; Psychotherapy ; Psychotic Disorders ; Referral and Consultation

Purpose: This study was performed to compare the clinical results and radiological follow-up differences between intertrochanteric fractures treated with the U-blade Gamma3 nail or the Zimmer natural nail (ZNN). Materials and Methods: The medical records of 129 cases diagnosed with an intertrochanteric frac-ture (90 cases of U-blade Gamma3 nail, 39 cases of ZNN) from July 2015 to December 2018 were reviewed. Patients were assigned to a U-blade Gamma3 nail (n=39) or a ZNN (n=39) group. To reduce selective bias, groups were subjected to Propensity score matching by age, body mass index, bone mineral density, and fracture type. Patients that met the following criteria were excluded; age <65 years, non-ambulatory, high energy or pathologic fracture, and a follow-up of <6 months. Operation times, estimated blood losses, preoperative and postoperative Koval grades, Harris hip score and radiological lag screw positions in the femoral head, reduction quality, cut-out, tip-apex distance (TAD), lag screw sliding distances, and times to union were compared. Results: Clinical results were similar in the two groups, but lag screw TAD was significantly greater in Ublade Gamma3 nail group (23.4 mm vs. 21.0 mm) (p=0.042). One case of cut-out occurred in the Ublade Gamma3 nail group, but no other nail-related postoperative complication was noted. Conclusion No significant difference was observed between the outcomes of U-blade Gamma3 nail or ZNN treatments of intertrochanteric fractures. We conclude that the U-blade confers no specific advan-tage.

Purpose: This study was performed to compare the clinical results and radiological follow-up differences between intertrochanteric fractures treated with the U-blade Gamma3 nail or the Zimmer natural nail (ZNN). Materials and Methods: The medical records of 129 cases diagnosed with an intertrochanteric frac-ture (90 cases of U-blade Gamma3 nail, 39 cases of ZNN) from July 2015 to December 2018 were reviewed. Patients were assigned to a U-blade Gamma3 nail (n=39) or a ZNN (n=39) group. To reduce selective bias, groups were subjected to Propensity score matching by age, body mass index, bone mineral density, and fracture type. Patients that met the following criteria were excluded; age <65 years, non-ambulatory, high energy or pathologic fracture, and a follow-up of <6 months. Operation times, estimated blood losses, preoperative and postoperative Koval grades, Harris hip score and radiological lag screw positions in the femoral head, reduction quality, cut-out, tip-apex distance (TAD), lag screw sliding distances, and times to union were compared. Results: Clinical results were similar in the two groups, but lag screw TAD was significantly greater in Ublade Gamma3 nail group (23.4 mm vs. 21.0 mm) (p=0.042). One case of cut-out occurred in the Ublade Gamma3 nail group, but no other nail-related postoperative complication was noted. Conclusion No significant difference was observed between the outcomes of U-blade Gamma3 nail or ZNN treatments of intertrochanteric fractures. We conclude that the U-blade confers no specific advan-tage.

PURPOSE: To compare outcomes (i.e., clinical and radiological findings, postoperative complication) in the fixation of intertrochanteric fractures with U-blade Gamma3 and Gamma3 nails. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of 162 patients (both male and female) treated for intertrochanteric fractures between December 2012 and December 2018 was conducted. All patients were older than 65 years of age and treated with U-blade Gamma3 (n=90) or Gamma3 (n=72) nails. Evaluations included: (i) screw-head position, (ii) fracture-reduction status, (iii) time to union, (iv) cases of cut-out, (v) tip-apex distance, and (vi) lag screw sliding distance. Differences in pre- and postoperative ambulatory ability was also investigated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline demographics between the two groups. While the lag-screw sliding distance was significantly shorter in U-blade Gamma3 nail group (4.7 mm vs. 3.6 mm; P=0.025), the mean time to union was similar between the groups (P=0.053). Three and six cases of cut-out were noted in the U-blade Gamma3 and Gamma3 nail groups, respectively (P=0.18), however no other postoperative complications were noted in either group. Lastly, there was no difference between the change from pre- to postoperative activity level between the groups (P=0.753). CONCLUSION Of all the clinical and radiological outcomes assessed, the only significant improvement between those treated with U-Blade Gamma and Gamma3 nails was a shorter lag-screw sliding distance. These findings should benefit clinicians when deciding between the use of U-Blade Gamma or Gamma3 nails.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease of the monocyte-macrophage system involving clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement of LCH occurs in 10-57% of all LCH cases. This disease is known to present in two ways in the CNS: intracranial tumorous lesions or intracranial nontumorous lesions (neurodegeneration). We report here an LCH patient who developed gait disturbance and dysarthria due to neurodegenerative lesions associated with LCH.
Central Nervous System ; Dysarthria ; Gait ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Langerhans Cells ; Rare Diseases

OBJECTIVES: For the further development of the Korean Long-Term Care System, we analyzed the validity of the assessment tools of cognitive impairment and behavioral problems for the Korean Long-Term Care System. METHODS: We investigated 326 elderly people who were residing in Onyang 4-dong and Dogo-myun, Asan-si, Chungcheongnamdo. Our research team visited their residence and performed the assessment tools for the Korean Long-Term Care System and Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K), Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and Seoul-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (S-IADL). RESULTS: The correlation between the cognitive function tests and MMSE-K (r=0.579, p<0.001) and that between the behavioral problem tests and NPI-Q (r=0.688, p<0.001) were not as good as we expected. Moreover, if the items of the behavioral problem tests were decreased to 10 items as the government wanted, we got much lower correlation coefficiency. The cognitive function tests could not detect early cognitive deterioration in dementia. CONCLUSION: The assessment tools of cognitive impairment and behavioral problems for the Korean Long-Term Care System need modifications to promote validity.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Dementia ; Geriatric Assessment ; Humans ; Long-Term Care*