No abstract available.
Expressed Emotion* ; Humans

Many authors reported the etiology of hypoplasia of the nasomaxillary complex as trauma, infection, underdevelopment. To correct these deformities, Le Fort II Osteotomy and its modification has been popularly applied. This method enabled total advancement of nasomaxillary complexes and acquirememt of midfacial esthetics. But it has some limitations such as various occlusal deviation or lateral shifting of nasomaxillary complex in case of nasomaxillary retrusion. We grouped these patients as follows : 1. Nasomaxillary retrusion without shifting of nasomaxillary complex (1) Anteroposterior deviation of occlusal plane (2) Lateral deviation of occlusal plane(including canting) (3) Supero-inferior deviation of occlusal plane (4) Combined disturbance of occlusal plane without shifting of nasamaxillary complex 2. Lateral shifting of nasomaxillary complex with or without deviation of occlusal plane We performed Le Fort II and I combined osteotomy on eleven cases of midfacial deformity from June 1994 to July 1997 and in most of the cases, followed up maximum 36 months and could acquire positional stability and improvement of facial eathetics.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Dental Occlusion ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Osteotomy*

The purpose of this study is to observe histopathologic changes in the bilateral craniomandibular joints after allowing 6 weeks of consolidation by varying the amount of distraction in rabbit mandible. Eight rabbits weighing about 2 to 3kg were used. After corticotomy was performed on the left mandibular body between the first premolar and the second premolar region, a unilateral fixation device was placed. Then, a 7-day period was allowed without distraction of the device. The mandible was lengthened 0.5mm/day. Corticotomy and lengthening of mandible were not performed in control group. After the completion of the lengthening process, a 6-week-consolidation period was allowed. Then, the rabbits were sacrificed, and histologic examination of the craniomandibular joints was performed. Proliferative changes were observed in the craniomandibular joints in all groups. With the increasing amount of distraction, hypertrophy of the cartilage layer became more severe, bone formed was dense and enchondral ossification was clearly shown in subchondral bone. Hypertrophy of the cartilage layer was also seen in the non-distracted side as the distracted side in the experimental group. These results indicate that when physical force is applied constantly to joints, the proliferation of articular cartilage and bone formation are present. When more than 6 weeks of consolidation period is allowed at the time of performing distraction for more than 5mm, articular changes, especially, in the contralateral side should also be noted.
Bicuspid ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular ; Hypertrophy ; Joints* ; Mandible ; Osteogenesis ; Osteogenesis, Distraction* ; Rabbits*

The coexistence of extraadrenal pheochromocytoma and renal artery stenosis is extremely rare. The mechanisms of renal artery stenosis with pheochromocytoma include direct compression of the tumor mass on the renal artery and catecholamine-induced vasospasm, fibromuscular hyperplasia, and fibrous adhesion. We report a rare case of renal artery stenosis caused by extraadrenal pheochromocytoma in a 29- year-old female. She was admitted to the hospital because of palpitation and headache. She had been treated for hypertension for 2 years. On admission, her plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were elevated as were her plasma renin activity, urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and metanephrine levels. Through the use of abdominal computed tomography, 131I-MIBG scan, and renal arteriography, a mass was found in the hilus of the left kidney which affected left renal artery stenosis. Surgical removal of the mass and left kidney restored the catecholamine excretion, plasma renin activity, and blood pressure to normal. Electronmicroscopic examination of the mass confirmed the pheochromocytoma.
Angiography ; Blood Pressure ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Metanephrine ; Norepinephrine ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Plasma ; Renal Artery Obstruction* ; Renal Artery* ; Renin ; Vanilmandelic Acid

The analysis of urinary calculi is an essential step in the examination and initial treatment of the patient with urolithiasis. Among the various methods of stone analysis, we have used x-ray diffraction method for analyzing urinary calculi. The advantage of x-ray diffraction is its almost absolute identification of crystalline materials and mixtures of crystalline materials. The disadvantage of x-ray diffraction include initial high cost of equipment and inability to identify amorphous materials and constituents present in only minor or trace amounts. We have analyzed 127 urinary calculi by x-ray diffraction method, which were obtained from the patients who were admitted to the Department of Urology, Chosun University Hospital during the period of 5 years from Jan. l98l to Dec. l985. The following results were obtained: 1. In this studies, 8 crystalline components of urinary calculi were demonstrated: Calcium oxalate monohydrate, Calcium oxalate dehydrate, Calcium oxalate trihydrate, Hydroxyl-apatite, Magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, Uric acid and Cystine. 2. Calculi of single component, comprising 73 (57.6%) of the total, was more common than those of mixed component, 54 (42.4%) of the total. Calcium oxalate monohydrate was the most common pure calculi, composing 46 (36.2 %) of all pure calculi and mixed calcium oxalate monohydratecalcium oxalate dihydrate calculi was the most common mixed calculi, constituting 20 (15.7%) of all mixed Calculi. 3. Classifying author`s results as Jensen`s classification, pure calcium oxalate and calcium oxalate apatite mixtures composed 87.3% of total, magnesium ammonium phosphate-apatite mixtures constituted 4.O%, uric acid comprised 6.5%. 4. Among the all urinary components analyzed in this studies, calcium oxalate monohydrate was the most common constituent, composing 78% of the total and calcium oxalate dihydrate was the second common constituent, comprising 37.6%, calcium oxalate was the most common component, composing 9l.3% of the total. 5. In the components associated with calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate was the most common associated component, in calcium oxalate dihydrate calcium oxalate monohydrate, in hydroxyl-apatite calcium oxalate monohydrate, in uric acid calcium oxalate monohydrate 6. According to the distribution of urinary component in each urinary organ, calcium oxalate (esp. calcium oxalate monohydrate exceeded 50%) was the most common component in entire urinary tract, which comprised 59.1% of all renal calculi, 69.4% of all ureteral calculi, 33.3% of all bladder calculi and 100% of all urethral calculi. 7. Of 44 renal calculi, 30 were composed of staghorn calculi, in which calcium oxalate was the most common component, constituting 56.6% of 30 staghorn calculi.
Ammonium Compounds ; Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Calculi ; Classification ; Crystallins ; Cystine ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Kidney Calculi ; Magnesium ; Ureteral Calculi ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urinary Tract ; Urolithiasis ; Urology ; X-Ray Diffraction*

To analyse the age of onset, etiologic microorganisms, clinical manifestations, managements and genetic variation of chromic granulomatous disease, the authors reviewed four patients who were diagnosed as CGD at Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National Univesity Children's Hospital. They were siblings in relationship-two of them were brothers, the others were brother-sister. @ES The results were as follows; 1) Initial manifestations developed within 1 year old, and lymphadenopathy associated with BCG vaccination was the most common. 2) In culture study of micro-organism, catalase positive microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Coagulase (-) Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Proleus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli and fungus such as Candida albicans were isolated. In 2 cases, culture study revealed no growth. 3) Fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, suppurative dermatitis and pneumonia were the most common manifestations. In most of cases, antituberculous medications were administered under the impression of tuberculosis without response. 4) Immunologic screening tests including B-cell system, T-cell system, and complement system were within normal limit except NBT test. 5) In spite of severe infections, NBT scores of all the cases were less than those of controls. Liver biopsies of 3 cases showed granuloma formation with characteristic yellow brown pigment-laden macrophages.
Age of Onset ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy ; Candida albicans ; Catalase ; Coagulase ; Complement System Proteins ; Dermatitis ; Enterococcus ; Fever ; Fungi ; Genetic Variation ; Granuloma ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Liver ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Macrophages ; Mass Screening ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Pediatrics ; Pneumonia ; Seoul ; Serratia marcescens ; Siblings ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed at investigating the effect of haloperidol on alcohol craving in patients wih alcohol dependence. METHODS: Eighteen patients with alcohol dependence were divided randomly into two groups of nine patients each: one haloperidol group and the other, placebo group. The medication for each group was done for 14 days. Alcohol craving and difficulty in resisting drinking were measured on day 1 and day 14, each consisting of a series of four assessments. Assessment 0 was basal levels. Assessment 1 was made 3 hours after medication. Assessment 2 was made after alcohol intake in a dose of 0.4gm of 100% alcohol/kg body weight and assessment 3 was done after the second alcohol intake in the same amount. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) With acute treatment, placebo group showed a significant increase in alcohol craving whereas haloperidol group did not show any change after the first and second alcohol intake. 2) With chronic treatment, both groups showed significant increase in the alcohol craving after alcohol intake. 3) Haloperidol did not increase difficulty in resisting drinking after acute treatment, however, with chronic treatment, it resulted in a significant increase of the difficulty in resisting drinking. CONCLUSIONS: From these results, the authors suggest that an acute treatment of haloperidol lowers alcohol craving in patients with alcohol dependence, but the effect does not maintain itself with chronic treatment.
Alcoholism* ; Body Weight ; Drinking ; Haloperidol* ; Humans

Immunoperoxidase localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and ferritin antigen was performed on tissue sections of 16 transitional cell carcinoma in the urinary bladder. On the basis of the cellular degree of atypias and mitotic figures and the architecture of the papillary pattern, transitional cell carcinoma was graded from I to III. The results are as follows: 1. Immunohistochemical localization of C.E.A in the transitional cell carcinoma, form Grade I to III shows intracytoplasmic positive reaction with increasing tendency in the superficial layer. 2. Immunohistochemical localization of ferritin in the transitional cell carcinoma, Grade I , shows entirely negative reaction. The transitional cell carcinoma, Grade III, shows more strong intracytoplasmic positive reaction rather than Grade II. 3. Immunohistochemical localization of CEA and ferritin in the infiltrating nests shows intracytoplasmic positive reaction anaplastic cells.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Ferritins* ; Immunoenzyme Techniques* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy is a recently established disease entity, proposed by Mizuguchi et al in 1995, that shows a characteristic symmetric and multifocal involvement of both thalamus, brainstem tegmentum, cerebral periventricular white matter, and cerebellar medulla. It is known to be prevalent in Japan and other Far Ease countries. The etiology of the acute necrotizing encephalopathy remains unknown. The typical course of acute necrotizing encephalopathy is the development of the irreversible neurologic symptoms related to brain lesions. The diagnosis can be made on the basis of the combination of a typical clinical profile and characteristic radiologic findings. We experienced a first case of acute necrotizing encephalopathy in a 9 month old boy in Korea. We report this case with the brief review of related literatures.
Brain ; Brain Stem ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Japan ; Korea ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Thalamus

Although visible collateral vessels on computed tomography (CT) has been considered as an important finding in superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, there is no systematical concerning correlation between the CT evidence of collateral vessels and clinical evidence of SVC syndrome. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how accurately we predict the clinical presence of SVC syndrome by the collateral vessels in patients with apparent SVC obstruction on CT. Forty-seven patients having a CT evidence of obstruction or compression of SVC and/or its major tributaries were included in this study. Lung cancer was the most common underlying disease (n=40). The enhanced CT scans were obtained through either arm vein using a combined bolus and drip-infusion technique. Analyzing the CT scans, we particularly paid attention to the site and pattern of venous compromise, presence of collateral vessels, and if present, heir location, without knowing whether symptoms and signs were present or not, and then compared them with clinical data by a thorough review of charts. To verify the frequency of visible collateral vessels in normal subjects, we also evaluated the CT scans of 50 patients without mediastinal disease and clinical SVC syndrome as a control group. On CT, collateral vessels were found in 24 patients, among whom three patients had a single collateral and 21 patients had two or more collateral channels. There were two false positive cases, in which clinically overt SVC syndrome appeared 10days and three months after CT examination respectively, and one false negative case. The presence of collateral vessels on CT, respectively, and one false negative case. The presence of collateral vessels on CT, regardless of the number and location of collateral vessels and the pattern of venous obstruction, was a good clue for predicting the presence of clinical SVC syndrome with the sensitivity and the specificity of 95.7% and 91.7%, respectively. In control group, collateral vessels were seen in three patients (6%). We conclude that the presence of collateral vessels on CT is a highly sensitive and specific sign of clinical SVC syndrome.
Arm ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mediastinal Diseases ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Veins ; Vena Cava, Superior*