The paratertiary butylphenol formaldehyde resin (PTBP-FR) is commonly used as a shoe adhesives because it sticks rapidly, is durable and pliable, and maintains good bond strength at raised temperature. We report two cases of allergic contact dermatitis due to PTBP-FR-containing shoes. Two women visited our department because of the skin rash on their .
Adhesives ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Exanthema ; Female ; Formaldehyde* ; Humans ; Shoes*

The authors report the clinical results of ten cases of complex supracondylar fractures treated by external fixation with a mean follow up of 21 months. Six cases were closed comminuted fracture, and four cases were open fractures. By AO classification six cases were type C2, two type C3, one type Al, and one type A3. Four cases had associated vascular injury. Reduction was performed by closed method in eight cases, and two cases were reduced through open wound. All cases healed at average of 142 days. Final healing of all cases occurred with an average range of motion of 3°-119° except one case which required reapplication due to infected nonunion with a gap. In nine cases of the ten functional results were rated as "good", and one case was "fair" by Iowa Knee Rating Scale. In conclusion, definitive external fixation can be a good alternative treatment modality despite previous recommendations to limit external fixation to temporary application in cases of limb salvage, such as severe comminution or pre-existing infection.
Classification ; External Fixators ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Fractures, Open ; Iowa ; Knee ; Limb Salvage ; Methods ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Vascular System Injuries ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: To evaluate the change in multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) in unilateral anisometropic amblyopia before and after occlusion treatment. METHODS: The mfVEP was performed using RETIscan(R) (Roland,Brandenburg, Germany) for patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia before and after occlusion treatment. Amplitude and latency values of mfVEP were analyzed according to the field divided by 6 rings or 4 sectors. RESULTS: The each amplitude of values of all 6 rings were not significantly different before treatment (p = 0.077) in amblyopic eyes. However, the value of ring 1 (p = 0.00) was significantly higher than the value of other rings after treatment. In fellow eyes, the values of ring 1 was consistently significantly higher than the value of other rings before (p = 0.014) and after (p = 0.049) occlusion treatment. Additionally, the amplitudes of ring 1 (p = 0.005) and ring 3 (p = 0.007) were significantly increased in amblyopic eyes after occlusion treatment. In fellow eyes, the values of all rings did not change significantly. The analysis of amplitudes with 4 sectors revealed no significant result. The analysis of latencies with 6 rings and 4 sectors revealed no significant result. CONCLUSIONS: The change in amplitude on the central field (ring 1) in amblyopic eyes can be a useful objective monitoring method observing the improvement progress in visual acuity.
Amblyopia ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Eye ; Humans ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the change in multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) in unilateral anisometropic amblyopia before and after occlusion treatment. METHODS: The mfVEP was performed using RETIscan(R) (Roland,Brandenburg, Germany) for patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia before and after occlusion treatment. Amplitude and latency values of mfVEP were analyzed according to the field divided by 6 rings or 4 sectors. RESULTS: The each amplitude of values of all 6 rings were not significantly different before treatment (p = 0.077) in amblyopic eyes. However, the value of ring 1 (p = 0.00) was significantly higher than the value of other rings after treatment. In fellow eyes, the values of ring 1 was consistently significantly higher than the value of other rings before (p = 0.014) and after (p = 0.049) occlusion treatment. Additionally, the amplitudes of ring 1 (p = 0.005) and ring 3 (p = 0.007) were significantly increased in amblyopic eyes after occlusion treatment. In fellow eyes, the values of all rings did not change significantly. The analysis of amplitudes with 4 sectors revealed no significant result. The analysis of latencies with 6 rings and 4 sectors revealed no significant result. CONCLUSIONS: The change in amplitude on the central field (ring 1) in amblyopic eyes can be a useful objective monitoring method observing the improvement progress in visual acuity.
Amblyopia ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Eye ; Humans ; Visual Acuity

Pigmented neurofibroma, a variant of neurofibroma, has rarely been observed in patients with or without neurofibromatosis. Pigmented neurofibroma is characterized histologically by the coexistence of scattered melanin-laden cells and benign spindle cells with neural differentiation. We report a case of pigmented neurofibroma in a 22-year-old female patient.
Female ; Humans ; Neurofibroma* ; Neurofibromatoses ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To assess clinical and angiographic outcomes after endovascular treatment (EVT) in ischemic stroke patients according to anesthesia types (general anesthesia vs. conscious sedation). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature review through an online data base between January 1990 and September 2017 was performed. A fixed effect model was used in cases of <50% heterogeneity. The primary outcomes were good clinical outcome at the 3-month follow-up and successful recanalization. A meta-regression analysis was done to estimate primary outcomes of log odds ratio (OR) on onset-to-puncture time (OTP) differences. Publication bias was determined using Begg’s funnel plot and additional the Trim and Fill method. RESULTS: Sixteen articles including 2,662 patients (general anesthesia, n=1,275; conscious sedation, n=1,387) were included. General anesthesia significantly decreased good outcomes than conscious sedation (OR, 0.564; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.354–0.899). However, outcomes did not differ significantly in randomized controlled trials (RCTs; OR, 1.101; 95% CI, 0.395–3.071). Anesthesia type was not associated with successful recanalization (OR, 0.985; 95% CI, 0.787–1.233). General anesthesia increased the risk of mortality (OR, 1.532; 95% CI, 1.187–1.976) and pneumonia (OR, 1.613; 95% CI, 1.172–2.221), but not symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR, 1.125; 95% CI, 0.767–1.652). The meta-regression analysis showed no linear relationship between OTP differences and log OR of good outcome (coefficient, 0.0004; P=0.95) or successful recanalization (coefficient, 0.0005; P=0.94), respectively. CONCLUSION: General anesthesia seemed to be associated with adverse clinical outcome after EVT. However, its efficacy was not demonstrated in RCTs. Successful recanalization did not differ according to anesthesia type. Studies using individual patient data based on further RCTs are necessary to elucidate anesthesia effect on procedural and clinical outcomes.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Conscious Sedation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Methods ; Mortality ; Odds Ratio ; Pneumonia ; Population Characteristics ; Publication Bias ; Stroke

This study was designed to investigate the attrition pattern in Angle Class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry. The sample consisted of three group, the 20 subjects of normal occlusion group(Group I), the 12 subjects of class III malocclusion without facial asymmetry group(Group II) and 17 subjects of Class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry group(Group III). Attrition areas from canine to second molar on both sides in upper and lower arch, totally twenty, was marked by pencil and measured by computer system(INTERGRAPH CO. USA) 2 times and the average value was used for date processing. All attrition areas were measured 2 times and the average value was used for data processing. The data were statistically analyzed by SAS program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Total attrition area in Group I was larger than in Group II and III. 2. There was no significant difference in attrition area between right and left side in each group, but attrition area in Group III was larger than in Group I and II. 3. In Group I, Maxillary attrition area was larger than mandibular attrition area, but in Group II and III, there was no significant difference in attrition area between maxilla and mandible. 4. In Group III, the attrition area of deviated side was larger than undeviated side. 5. There was no significant difference in attrition area between chewing side non-chewing side in each group. 6. The total attrition area was unaffected by gender.
Facial Asymmetry* ; Malocclusion* ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III* ; Mandible ; Mastication ; Maxilla ; Molar

Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary malignant liver tumor encountered during childhood. Complete surgical resection is the most important factor in predicting which children would achieve cure. Some chemotherapy regimens are effective in reducing tumor size, often rendering initially unresectable lesions amenable to complete surgical resection, and dramatically improving disease-free survival. Liver transplantation provides an additional treatment option for patients whose tumor remains unresectable even after preoperative chemotherapy. We report a case of unresectable hepatoblastoma in a child who underwent living related liver transplantation with pre and post-operative chemotherapy.
Child* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Hepatoblastoma* ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Living Donors*

PURPOSE: LASEK is a newly developed refractive surgery technique that can make up for the complications from PRK and LASIK. The most unique procedures in LASEK is covering of the cornea with epithelial flap after keratectomy. We examined the effect of corneal epithelial flap on the wound healing of canine cornea. METHODS: Operation was performed in eyes from 12 dogs, and the 12 eyes were recovered with epithelial flap and the remaining 12 eyes were recovered without epithelial flap. Wound healing process was compared using fluorescein staining, light and transmission electron microscopic examination. RESULTS: Fluorescein stained area of the cornea was reduced with time in both groups, and from 9 hours after the operation, it was significantly reduced in the group with epithelial flap compared with those of the group without epithelial flap (p< 0.05). On light microscopic examination of the group with epithelial flap, and normal epithelial structure was found at 24 and 48 hours, respectively. However, in the group without epithelial flap, no complete reepithelialization had occurred on center at 48 hours after the operation. On transmission electron microscopic examination, eyes of the group with epithelial flap showed hemidesmosomes in the area where epithelial flap was closely contacted with the stroma at 24 hours, and they were completely developed at 48 hours. On the other hand, in the group without epithelial flap, hemidesmosomes developed only in the proximal portion but not at the leading edge even at 48 hours. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that corneal epithelial flap accelerate the wound healing process of the cornea and the wound healing process depend on the vitality of the epithelial flap.
Animals ; Cornea ; Dogs ; Fluorescein ; Hand ; Hemidesmosomes ; Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

No abstract available.
Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Drainage ; Gases ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification ; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic/microbiology/*radiography/therapy ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome