A retrospective study of 46 patients with primary superficial bladder tumor was performed to identify the prognostic parameters which affect tumor recurrence. We examined 4 parameters such as stage, grade, size and number of tumor and each parameter was compared with recurrence rate respectively. The recurrence rate of stage Ta and T1 within 2 years was 33.3 % and 71% (p<0.05) and that of grade I, II and III was 40%, 60% and 100% respectively(p<0.05). Tumor recurrence was observed in 44% of patients with single tumor, 76.2% of those with multifocal tumors(p>0.05) and tumor size had no effect on tumor recurrence(p>0.06). Early recurrence rate within 1 year of grade I, II and III was 20%, 32% and 100% respectively(p< 0.01 ) but stage, number of tumor and tumor size were not correlated significantly with early recurrence rate within 1 year. A separate evaluation of the 4 parameters showed that stage and grade have a significant influence on tumor recurrence. Therefore more aggressive therapy and intensive follow-up should be considered for patients with high stage and high grade tumors.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Flow Cytometry* ; Microscopy*

No abstract available.
Flow Cytometry* ; Microscopy*

No abstract available.
Tuberous Sclerosis*

BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster(HZ), caused by reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus, is manifested by dermatomal distribution of skin rashes, acute pain and post-herpetic neuralgia by pathologic involvement of the sensory ganglia. Low-energy laser(LEL) deliver a small amount of energy without elevation of the tissue temperature. LEL is reported to have various biologic effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, regenerative, antiallergic, immunocorrective, and antibacterial effects. OBJECTIVE: We attempted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of LEL on an acute phase of HZ. METHODS: A total of 60 patients with acute HZ were enrolled in the study. The control group(30 patients) received medications including analgesics, antihistamine, and topical care without LEL irradiation. The experimental group(30 patients) were irradiated with LEL daily for 7 days in addition to the same kinds of medications for the control group. The efficacy of LEL irradiation for HZ was assessed by analyzing changes in skin rashes, pain scores, and postherpetic neuralgia.
Acute Pain ; Analgesics ; Exanthema ; Ganglia, Sensory ; Herpes Zoster* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Neuralgia ; Neuralgia, Postherpetic

Fracture of the tibial shaft is one of the most common fractures of the long bones and frequently followed by malunion, delayed union and nonunion. We experienced the cases of further increase in the angulation after clinical union of the tibial shaft fractures treated by conservative method. So we analyzed 39 cases of tibial shaft fractures which were followed up from 12 weeks to 37 weeks after clinical union in adults. The results were as follows; l. 7 of the 39 cases(18%) showed the increase in the angulation, and all of them were male. 2. Increase in the angulation occurred more frequenlty in the comminuted fractures than simple fractures. 3. The increment of angulation was more marked in group of patients with higher angulation at the time of clinical union. 4. Increase in the angulation occurred more commonly in the cases not associated with fibula fracture than in the cases associated with fibula fracture. 5. Further increase in the angulation was less common in the cases in whom early weight bearing with PTB cast was started.
Adult ; Fibula ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing

Chronic acquired hepatocerebral degeneration (CAHD) is a progressive or episodic neurologic syndrome that occurs occasionally in patients who have chronic liver disease or portocaval shunt. The clinical features of CAHD include action and postural tremors, generalized chorea, asterixis, myoclonus, dystonia, resting tremor, gait ataxia, and variable impairments of intellectual function. We experienced 2 cases of CAHD with unusual neurologic manifestations, which were hypokinetic parkinsonian symptoms. Both cases had a history of liver cirrhosis and the same symptoms. They had masked faces, cogwheel rigidiy in both wrists, slurred speech, tongue tremor, bradykinesia, and gait ataxia. They had normal mental status and no pathologic reflex. Brain MRI showed abnormal, increased signal on T1-weighted images in the globus pallidus and mesencephalon bilaterally. The hypokinetic parkinsonian symptoms disappeared when given doses levodopa.
Brain ; Chorea ; Dyskinesias ; Dystonia ; Gait Ataxia ; Globus Pallidus ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration* ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Levodopa ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Diseases ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Masks ; Mesencephalon ; Myoclonus ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Reflex ; Tongue ; Tremor ; Wrist

Aneurysm ; Bone Cysts ; Bone Resorption ; Calcium ; Clavicle ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Facial Bones ; Giant Cells ; Granuloma ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Physical Examination ; Ribs

BACKGROUND: Middle cerebral artery (MCA) steno-occlusive disease is known to be more common in Eastern than in Western, however, clinical characteristics have not been well documented. We aimed to find clinical characteristics of isolated MCA disease comparing with other MCA steno-occlusive disease. METHODS: Patients with lesion in M1 portion of MCA divided into three groups by angiographic finding ; isolated MCA stenosis (IMCAS, n=39), isolated MCA occlusion (IMCAO, n=29), and multiple (ICA, BA or VA) steno-occlusion involving MCA (Combined, n=48). Patients with evidence of cardioembolic MCA occlusion and Moyamoya disease were excluded. We analyzed clinical features, neuroimaging findings, and prognosis retrospectively. RESULTS: MRI showed large deep (36%), small deep (26%), cortical (21%), and mixed (cortical & deep, 15%) infarct in IMCAS group ; mixed (38%), large deep (21%), small deep (17%), and cortical (17%) infarct in IMCAO group ; large deep (31%), cortical (23%), small deep (17%), and no lesion (17%) in Combined group. Site of MCA steno-occlusion on angiogram was middle (44%), distal (39%), and proximal (18%) in IMCAS group ; proximal (48%), middle (35%), and distal (17%) in IMCAO group ; middle (42%), proximal (31%), and distal (27%) in Combined group. Patient's neurologic status, assessed by NIHSS, during first 7 days was 'not changed' or 'worsening' (>93%) in all 3 groups. Neurologic outcome at 3 months later was improving (65%) in IMCAS group by modified Rankin scale. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated MCA stenotic disease was not significantly different from iso-lated MCA occlusion group or Combined group in clinical features, neuroimaging findings, and prognosis.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Moyamoya Disease ; Neuroimaging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was performed in 122 patients with upper ureteral calculi managed by 3 different techniques ; ESWL in situ. after push back and after placement of push back ureteral catheter below the stone in patients of failure to push back. To investigate the push back effect for upper ureteral stone, we reviewed 3 different treatment modalities. Of 122 patients push back was performed in 54 patients, which was successful in 27 patients (50%). The success rate of ESWL and the number of total average shock waves were 100%, 1667 waves in successful push back patients. 98.5%. 3007 waves in situ treatment and 88.9%, 4133 waves in patients of failure to push back. Complications of push back were infrequent, with the most common being ureteral perforation in 2 patients. all of which were managed conservatively. Push back of upper ureteral calculi improved success rate of ESWL and reduced significantly the number of average shock Waves.
Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Shock ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Calculi ; Urinary Catheters