The authors report a clinical experience of 95 patients (98 hips) with congenital dislocation of hip under the age of 2 years who were followed up at least 1 year at Chonnam University Hospital between 1979 and 1988. The result of clinical analysis are as follows; 1. The most patients were girls, comprising 87 girls (89 hips) and 8 boys (9 hips). 2. The age at treatment were under the age of 6 months in 49 hips, 7 to 12 months in 5, 13 to 18 months in 30 and 19 to 24 months in 14. 3. The initial treatment of the 98 hips were Pavlik harness in 49 hips, closed reduction in 18, and open reduction in 31. 4. Pavlik harness was applied to the patients under the age of 7 months and the results were acceptable in 37 hips (76%), uncertain in 4 (8%) and unacceptable in 8 (16%). The 8 unacceptable hips were retreated by closed reduction in 6 hips and open reduction in 2. 5. Closed reduction was applied to the patients ranging from the age of 4 months to 21 months and the results were acceptable in 14 hips(78%), unacceptable in 4 (22%). The 4 unacceptable hips were retreated by open reduction in 3 hips and Salter innominate osteotomy in l. 6. Open reduction was applied to the patients ranging from the age of 7 months to 20 months, and the results were acceptable in 26 hips (84%), uncertain in 3 (10%) and unacceptable in 2 (6%). The one of 2 unacceptable hips was retreated by Salter innominate osteotomy. 7. The overall results of 98 hips following initial treatment were acceptable in 77 hips (79%), uncertain in 7 (7%), and unacceptable in 14 (14%). The final results after secondary treatment were acceptable in 89 hips (91%), uncertain in 7 (7%), and unacceptable in 2 (2%).
Child ; Dislocations ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Osteotomy

In order to designate a status necessary for establishment of preventive measures and guidelines of health education against hepatitis B in the course of secondary school education, knowledge and practice toward hepatitis B virus infection was surveyed by a questionnaire method on total of 4,855 college entrants in the academic year of 1987 and analyzed the data collected using IBM PC(Trigem 88-II) with SAS package program. About two percent of college entrants had past history of HBV infections not showing any difference between both sexes and geographical regions. About one third(33.7%) of total students had tested hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg), only 4% had tested hepatitis B surface antibody(HBsAb) and vaccination rate amounted to 24.6%, one fourth of total subjects. Both serological tests and vaccination were most commonly performed during adolescence, showing higher rates in female students than in male students. The rates also seemed to be higher in those from urban cities than those from rural cities. Students who had acquired correct knowledge that hepatitis B was infected by virus were amounted to 78.5% of college entrants, and remaining 21.5% had misunderstood that rickettsia, bacteria, fungi or parasites were casual agents. Female students were better aware of the causal agents than male students but there was no difference between places of growth. As for mode of transmission of HBV, 51.5% of male students and 47.7% of female students had correct knowledge. A very few student had known that fact that HBV was transmitted by body fluids such as tear (6.9%), nasal discharge(10.1%) and semen or vaginal secretion(19.2%) and majority(75%) of students had misunderstood that hepatitis B virus would be transmitted per os through food ingestion. Approximately one half(48.9%) of college entrants had correctly whom to be vaccinated. Approximately one half of the students knew that hepatoma(57.8%) and liver cirrhosis(57.4%) might complicate with hepatitis B virus infection, whereas 12.0% of the students responded that bronchitis was one of the complications of hepatitis B infection. In summary of the above results, we highly recommend that health education program for eradication of hepatitis B virus infection should be introduced in curricula of secondary school education in this country.
Adolescent ; Bacteria ; Body Fluids ; Bronchitis ; Curriculum ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Fungi ; Health Education ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Parasites ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rickettsia ; Semen ; Serologic Tests ; Tears ; Vaccination

No abstract available.
Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; DNA* ; Genome* ; Nucleopolyhedrovirus* ; Plasmids*

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Humans ; Neutrophils* ; Superoxides*

Electrocardiographic findings in 18 cases of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy(HOCM) were compared with those in 20 hypertensives with disproportinate septal hypertrophy(DSH) and in 20 normal controls. In conventional 12 leads electrocardiograms, abmormal Q waves were seen only in 6 cases of HOCM and none in the remadinder. The R waves were tallest in leads V4 in 6 cases(33%) of HOCM, 3(15%) hypertensives with DSH, and 4(20%) of the controls. The correlations of the QRS voltages with echocardiographically measured left ventricular dimension, interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular mass were significant in the hypertensives with DST and normal controls, but insignificant in patients with HOCM. We conclude that these electrocardiographic differences in patients with HOCM from the others would be caused by uneven distribution of hypertrophied muscle mass in the left ventricule and/or by the altered depolarization in hypertrophied cardiac muscles.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic* ; Electrocardiography* ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Myocardium

Endotoxin is a component of bacterial outer membrane. Endotoxin is generally a heat-stable toxin that has the various biological activities such as pyrogenicity, macrophage and complement activation. To determine the source of endotoxin contamination in our water processing and dialysate-delivery system in Korea, endoxin was monitored in tap water at the inlet of water softening, in processed water, at the inlet of dialysate proportioner and in the dialysate at the inlet and outlet of the dialyzer. The endotoxin levels were 24.9ng/ml at the inlet of water softening and 2.3ng/ml in processed water. The removal rate of endotoxin during water processing is 90.7%. Endotoxin concentration were 3.58ng/ ml at the inlet of dialyzer and 12.4ng/ml at the outlet of dialyzer. There was no statistically significant change between the inlet of dialyzer and the outlet of dialyzer. These result suggested that a reverse-osmosis system appeared necessary for decreasing endotoxin in tap water to a certain concentration, so the level of endotoxin in the dialysate would be minimal.
Bays ; Complement Activation ; Dialysis* ; Korea ; Macrophages ; Membranes ; Renal Dialysis* ; Water ; Water Softening

BACKGROUND: Pruritus is one of the most common complaints of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. But its etiology is not clear, and there is no universally effective treatment. Recently we have experienced eosinophilia in hemodialysis patients suffering from pruritus. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the this study was to evaluate the relationship between pruritus and eosinophilia in patients on hemodialysis. METHODS: We examined degree of pruritus and eosinophilia in 65 patients with end stage renal disease who were on hemodialysis from September 1996 to August 1997 in artificial kidney center of Chonbuk National University Hospital. The study was conducted by means of personal interview, physical examination, and review of medical records. The degree of pruritus was measured by scores from minimal 0 point to maximal 48 points and more than 5% or 500/mm3 eosinophils in peripheral blood was regarded as eosinophilia. RESULTS: 1)Incidence of each cutaneous symptoms were pruritus(61.5%), xerosis(35.4%), hyperpigmentation (30.8%), easy bruising(16.9%), nail change(12.3%), decreasing in sweating(10.8%), hypotrichosis(7.7%), and acne(4.6%). 2)Forty(61.5%) of 65 patients undergoing hemodialysis had pruritus, 32.3% in mild, 20% in moderate, and 9.2% in severe degree by pruritus score. 3)Nineteen(29.2%) of the 65 patients had eosinophilia:23.8%(5/21) of patients with mild pruritus, 30.7%(4/13) of patients with moderate pruritus, and 66.7%(4/6) of severe pruritus. It could be said that prevalence of eosinophilia was related to the severity of pruritus. 4)With repeated hemodialysis the severity of pruritus increased in 65%(26/40), decreased in 22.5% (9/40), did not change in 12.5%(5/40) of patients with pruritus. 5)Pruritus was not related to the serum calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus(PO4), CaxPO4 product, BUN, or creatinine. There was, however, significant correlations with the serum alkaline phohphatase. CONCLUSION: There was a positive correlation bet- ween the prevalence of eosinophilia and severity of pruritus in patients on hemodialysis.
Calcium ; Creatinine ; Eosinophilia* ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Jeollabuk-do ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Medical Records ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Pruritus* ; Renal Dialysis*

This is a case report and review of literature of a rare mixed odontogenic tumor, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma in the posterior area of the mandible. The ameloblastic fibro-odontoma which was developed by hyperplasia of dental epithelium and mesenchymal tissue. This tumor was classified from ameloblastic odontoma by Hooker, in 1967. At first and characterized by mixed appearance of odontoma and ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, But, on the point of pathologic feature, there are many controversial opinions among scholars up to the present. The patients of this case report was refereed to our department via the pedodontic department for the treatment of hard mass on the premolar area of the left mandible. And then, on the clinical and radiographic examination at first visit, we had tentative diagnosis that the lesion was benign mixed odontogenic tumor of defined mass margin that was amelblastic fibro-odontoma. The tumor mass was removed by surgical enucleation and curettage and extracted left mandibular second premolar which was impacted on the lesion. And the removed tumor mass was confirmed to ameloblastic fibro-odontoma on the post-operative biopsy. The patients has well done follow-up check postoperatively and shown no sign of recurrence up to the present.
Ameloblasts* ; Bicuspid ; Biopsy ; Curettage ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Mandible* ; Odontogenic Tumors ; Odontoma ; Recurrence

Maxillofacial infection often place the oral and maxillofacial surgeon in situations where timely decisions have to be made. These decisions can be lifesaving. Odontogenic infection are frequently encountered in the practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery. These infections often repond to surgical and antimicrobial management. Otheriwise odontogenic infections have the potential to spread via the fasical spaces in the head and neck region. They can compromise vital structures in this region or involve distant structures. The classic signs of maxillofacial infections include pain, swelling, fever, dysphagia, and dehydration. The goals of management should be to correct these conditions. We have undertaken clinical studies on infections in the oral and maxillofacial regions (facial space) by analyzing hospitalized patients in the Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital past 5 years from 1991. To 1995. And bacterial cultures and antibiotics sensitivity test were performed and the comparative analysis of the antibiotics was done. The results were as follows: 1. The most frequent cause of oral and maxillofacial infection was odontogenic 68% and in 23% patients with signs and symptom aggrevated after teeth extraction. 2. The most common fascial spaces involved was buccal space 36.1%, followed by submandibular space 12.3% and 3 cases were Ludwig's angina. 3. Antibiotics were administrated in all cases and surgical incision and drainage was performed in 88.6%. 4. The most causative organisms isolated from the pus cultures were streptococci group 51.1%.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dehydration ; Drainage ; Fever ; Head ; Humans ; Ludwig's Angina ; Neck ; Suppuration ; Surgery, Oral ; Tooth

Nd:YAG laser is well absorbed to water, melanin, hemoglobin and thus, Nd:YAG laser may be used for bleeding control and extraction site sterilization where is easily contaminated by saliva and blood. Additionaly, Nd:YAG laser have analgesic effect by elevation of pain threshold. On the basis of Nd:YAG laser effects, we applied the Nd:YAG laser on extraction socket of 50 patients who visited to our department for lower third molar extraction and evaluated the effects of Nd:YAG laser on the bleeding control, pain relief, swelling reduction after tooth extraction. For the objective assesment on Nd:YAG laser effects, we made up the other 50 patients(control group) who were treated by conventional extraction method and compare the subjective and objective symptoms(pain relief, swelling and oozing time) between each group. The results were as follows: 1. The Nd:YAG laser was effective to relief of postextraction pain and most effective to 2 hours after extraction when local anesthesia disappears. 2. The Nd:YAG laser application was non-effective to reducing the facial swelling after extraction. 3. The Nd:YAG was effective to decrease the oozing time after extraction and the average time was 4 hours.
Anesthesia, Local ; Equidae ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Melanins ; Molar, Third ; Pain Threshold ; Saliva ; Sterilization ; Tooth Extraction