Proliferations of the endometrial glands form a continuum from focal glandular crowding through simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia and atypical hyperplasia to frank adenocarcinoma. But objective criteria to distinguish these proliferative endometrial lesions are not clear-cut and terminology is confusing. The p53 protein is a nuclear phosphoprotein that can regulate cell proliferation and suppress tumor growth. Mutation in the p53 gene have been reported in a variety of human tumors, and in selected malignancies overexpression of p53 has been associated with poor prognosis. In this study we examined a series of endometrial proliferative lesion, including hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma, and adenomyosis to determine whether or not p53 is overexpressed in these lesions. In the result, p53 immunoreactivity was observed in 3 of 17 (17.6%) simple hyperplasia, one of 6 (16.6%) complex hyperplasia, none of 3 (O%) atypical hyperplasia, 6 of 13 (46.1%) adenocarcinoma and none of 10 (O%) adenomyosis. In conclusion, p53 mutation seems to play a role in oncogenesis of endometrial adenocarcinoma in early phase but there was no significant relationship between p53 overexpression and histologic grade of adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adenomyosis ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Proliferation ; Crowding ; Endometrial Hyperplasia* ; Female ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Erythropoietin* ; Humans* ; Renal Dialysis*

This paper presents a case of leiomyosarcoma which developed in the retroperitoneal cavity. On admission, this 4 months old male infant disclosed a adult fist sized mass with abdominal distention and scattered nevus lesions on the left sided abdomen on physical examination. IVU examination revealed urinary collecting system to be unremarkable, but right kidney and ureter were displaced to upward and posterior respectively. On 6th hospital day, we performed explorative laparotomy and removed the tumor mass measured 15X11cm in size. Histologic finding revealed leiomyosarcoma. Review of literature was also made breifly.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney ; Laparotomy ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Male ; Nevus ; Physical Examination ; Ureter

No abstract available.

No Abstract Available.
Child* ; Humans ; Spine*

The incidence of diabetes mellitus is in increasing tendency because of expension of medical care, economic development and increasing of the population of the aged person recently. The diabetic foot is one of serious complication of diabetes. With the advancement of the method of treatment of diabetes the other acute metabolic complications are decreased, but the development of diabetic gangrene encounteres at any age of adult life with increasing of incidence according to the duration of diabetes. The most of them requires operation, and its treatment is difficult frequently because of high incidence of wound problem in healing. So it is important to educate and prevent for lowering its incidence. From January 1978 to December 1984, 38 patients with diabetic foot were treated and analysed at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of Presbyterian Medical Center. The results obtained are as follow. 1. The average of annual incidence of diabetic gangrene was 2.85%. There was increasing tendency of incidence to 1981, thereafter decreasing tendency. 2. 71% of patients with gangrene were in over-50 year age group. 3.72% of patients were in duration of diabetes more than 5 years. 4.79% of patiens were in inadequate treatment before admisson. 5. There was no relationship between fasting blood sugar level and development of gangrence. 6. The most common site of the lesion was big toe. 7. The most common predisposing fector was local pressure (39%), then minor trauma, and burn injury. 8. The primary wound healing rate was 53% after operation. 9. There was no relationship between the lowest palpable artery and primary wound healing. 10. The most common combined complication of diabetes was retinopathy (47%), then neuropathy and hypertension. 11. The rate of bacterial infection was 66%, and the most common organism was staphylococcus aureus (36%).
Adult ; Arteries ; Bacterial Infections ; Blood Glucose ; Burns ; Clinical Study ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Foot ; Economic Development ; Fasting ; Gangrene ; Hallux ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Methods ; Protestantism ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries

Primary gout is a metabolic disease that has its basis in an inborn error in the intermediary metabolism of purines and related compounds. It is characterized by hyperuricemia, recurrent attacks of acute arthritis, deposition of monosodium urate crystals in and around the joints of the extremities, urolithiasis, renal and cardiovascular disease. Thirty-eight patients with gout managed at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Dong-A University Hospital, from April, 1990 to November 1993, had been reviewed retrospectively and the following results were obtained. 1. Most of cases were male(95%) and the mean age was 55.4 years old. 2. The case of first attack was 8 cases(21%), the most common age of first attack was fifth decade and mean duration of disease was 7.4 years. 3. The most common precipitating factor was overindulgence in food and alcohol. 4. The avarage uric acid level of serum and that 24-hour urine collection in acute attacks were 11.2 mg/dl and 24.5mg/D. Respectively all of the cases except four revealed increased ESR (average 43 mm/hr). 5. When the acute attack was developed, the most common involved joint was the first M-P joint (83%) of the foot, but as the acute gout was progressed to the chronic form, multiple joints were affected. 6, The punched out lesion in the radiograph was found in 7 cases(25 joints), among them 6 cases had suffered from the disease for longer than 3 years. 7. The most common complication was nephropathy(18 cases). 8. In case of acute gouty attack, we administered colchicine in the 22 cases. The therapeutic method of colchicine usually consisted of oral administration of 2 tablets(1.3mg) initially, followed by 1 tablet(0.65mg) every hour untill the relief of joint pain or the development of gastointestinal symptoms. We rocomended 6-8 tablets of colchicine for the management of acute gouty attack with safety. 9. Colchicine in small daily dose(0.65mg qd or bid) could be effective to prevent the recurrent attacks of high risk gouty arthritis.
Administration, Oral ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Gouty ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Clinical Study ; Colchicine ; Extremities ; Foot ; Gout ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; Joints ; Metabolic Diseases ; Metabolism ; Methods ; Precipitating Factors ; Purines ; Retrospective Studies ; Tablets ; Uric Acid ; Urine Specimen Collection ; Urolithiasis

Most of femur intertrochanteric fractures occured in elderly patients with predisposing osteoporotic bone change and general weakness. This group is exposed to the high postoperative morbidity and mortality. Many devices were developed for these purposes, Gamma nail is relatively acceptable on above considerations because of some benefits; lower blood loss, lower risk of infection, shorter operation time, early weight bearing and rigid internal fixation. We reviewed 19 cases of compression hip screw fixation(group 1) from March 1990 to October 1991 and 19 cases of unreamed type Gamma nail (group 2) from March 1990 to May 1993. The following results were obtained; 1. The mean union time was 15.1 weeks on group 1 and 15.4 weeks on group 2. 2. The mean amount of intraoperative bleeding was 511ml on group 1 and 303ml on group 2. 3. The mean timing of nonweight bearing ambulation was at postoprative 5.3 days on group 1 and at 2.2 days on group 2. 4. The complications were 4 cases on group 1 and 3 cases on group 2. 5. We obtained satisfactory results in femur intertrochanteric fracture using unreamed type Gamma nail. So, We suggest application of this method for treatment of femur intertrochaneric fracture if skilled technique is used.
Aged ; Femur ; Hemorrhage ; Hip Fractures ; Hip ; Humans ; Methods ; Mortality ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing

Although vascular injury after clavicular fracture is a extremely rare, it is a complication which is serious problem. Vascular injury associated with the fracture can be immediate or delayed. We report a case of late-onset brachial artery occlusion caused by subclavian artery stenosis with excessive scar tissue after open reduction and plate fixation for clavicular fracture and include a review of the literature.
Brachial Artery* ; Cicatrix ; Subclavian Artery* ; Subclavian Steal Syndrome* ; Vascular System Injuries

OBJECTIVE: We investigate risk factors of cerebral microbleeds(MBs) and their relation to concomitant magnetic resonance (MR) findings in intracerebral hemorrhages(ICHs) patients. METHODS: We studied 100 consecutive patients with primary ICH over a 1-year period. These patients underwent brain MR images using 3.0-T scanners within the first week of the hemorrhage. MBs and old hematomas were located and counted by using T2*-weighted gradient-echo MR imaging. We also counted lacunes and graded white matter and periventricular hyperintensity on T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences. The association between MBs and vascular risk factors and MR abnormalities were analyzed. RESULTS: MBs were seen in 77 of ICH patients, and their number ranged from 1 to 65 lesions (mean 11, median 6). The locations of MBs were subcortex-cortex (40.6%), basal ganglia (26.7%), thalamus (14.1%), brain stem (12.5%), and cerebellum (9.1%). Analysis of clinical data revealed that age, hypertension, history of stroke, and duration of hypertension were frequently associated with MBs. The incidence of lacunes, old hematomas, and advanced leukoaraiosis was significantly higher in the MBs group, compared with the patients without MBs. CONCLUSION: MBs are frequently observed in ICH patients with advancing age, chronic hypertension, and previous hemorrhagic stroke, and are also closely related with morphological signs of occlusive type microangiopathy, such as lacunar infarct and severe leukoaraiosis.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Brain Stem ; Cerebellum ; Cerebral Hemorrhage* ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Leukoaraiosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Stroke, Lacunar ; Thalamus