No abstract available.
Foot*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Humerus*

No abstract available.
External Fixators* ; Fractures, Open* ; Tibia*

No abstract available.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) currently infects more than 400 million people worldwide and they are at risk of developing chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The immune response to HBV- encoded antigens is responsible both for viral clearance and for disease pathogenesis during HBV infection. While the humoral antibody response to viral envelope antigens contributes to the clearance of circulating virus particles, the cellular immune responses to the envelope, nucleocapsid, and polymerase antigens were known to eliminate virus in infected hepatocytes through cytolytic as well as noncytolytic mechanisms. Liver injury could be initiated by an immune response against HBV, but mainly resulted from HBV non-specific lymphocytes and macrophages. There are growing evidences that T helper 1 memory T cells play a predominant role in suppressing viral replication mainly by IFN-gamma through noncytolytic antiviral mechanism. Elucidation of the immunological and virological basis for HBV infection may yield effective immunotherapeutic and antiviral strategies to terminate chronic HBV infection.
Humans ; Hepatitis B virus/*immunology ; Hepatitis B Antigens/immunology ; Hepatitis B/*immunology

Purpose: To assess changes in the tear film and delayed tear drainage after upper or lower, or combined upper and lower, punctal occlusion using dissolvable polydioxanone plugs in patients with dry eye. Methods: In total, 40 dry eye patients (80 eyes) were enrolled: four groups of 10 (20 eyes) with no, lower, upper, and lower and upper punctal occlusions. Dissolvable polydioxanone plugs were placed. The tear break-up time (tBUT) and the tear meniscus height (TMH) were measured, and the Schirmer I test and dye disappearance test (DDT) were performed at baseline and 2 weeks after the procedure. Results: Compared to the control group, all three test groups exhibited significant changes in the tBUT, the DDT test, and the TMH after polydioxanone plug placement (all p < 0.05). The group with both upper and lower punctal occlusions exhibited more delayed tear drainage than the other test groups. A lower punctal occlusion significantly delayed tear drainage to a greater extent than did an upper punctal occlusion (p = 0.010). Conclusions In dry eye patients, a polydioxanone plug improved the tBUT and TMH, and the DDT score. The tear drainage delay increased in the order: both, lower, and upper punctal occlusion(s).

Endpgenous bacterial endophthalmitis develops mainly in a extremely ill patient or a immunologically compromised patient. As reported earlier, early suspicion and careful diagnostic evaluation and early aggressive treatment are important to treat endophthalmitis and prevent poor visual acuity. The authors experienced a case of endogenous endophthalmitis developed from pneumonia in chronic alcoholics patient. The pathogen was proved to be a Staphylococcus aureus by the culture of specimen obtained from the aqueous. Systemic, topical, subconjunctival and intravitreal antibiotic therapy were done, but the patient's eye progressed to phthisis state.
Alcoholics* ; Endophthalmitis* ; Humans ; Pneumonia ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Down Syndrome*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVES: Postpartum blues is known to be a major risk factor for postpartum depression and can be associated with the problems of language skills, behaviors or learning skills of their children. Therefore, it is very important for clinicians to evaluate precisely and control postpartum blues. Recent studies have found that music has an effect on depressive mood and the frontal EEG asymmetry of the patients with depression. The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of music on the frontal EEG asymmetry of the mothers with postpartum blues. METHOD: Among one hundred and seventy mothers assessed with Korean version of the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), nine mothers with postpartum blues (EPDS > or = 10) as postpartum blues group and nine non-depressive mothers (EPDS < 10) as non-depressive mother group were included. Ten non-labored, non-depressive women were also included as a normal control group. The subjects were evaluated with the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-X1, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Depression Adjective Checklist-Korean version (K-DACL) and EEG twice before and after the music sesssion with the length of twenty minutes and thirty two seconds. The statistical analyses were done for A1 score (log R - log L) which were computed from the alpha powers at F3 and F4. RESULTS: No significant difference was noted in demographic data among all three groups. The postpartum blues group had higher scores in the STAI-X1, the VAS and the K-DACL compared to the other groups at baseline, and their A1 scores were lower than those of only normal controls. There was a statistically significant increase of A1 score only in the postpartum blues group after the music session. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the mothers with postpartum blues may have a frontal EEG asymmetry which is possibly associated with their depressive mood, and the music session can affect the frontal asymmetry positively.
Anxiety ; Child ; Depression ; Depression, Postpartum ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Learning ; Mothers ; Music ; Music Therapy ; Postpartum Period ; Risk Factors