Authors have quantitated the T cell and T subsets(T and T cell) in the per- ipheral blood of 16 patients with alopecia areata and 16 normal healthy controls. The results are as follows: 1. The mean values of the T cell in total patient group(54,6+7.9g) and AAP group(5,3. 1+8. 1%) showed staticstially significant decrease when it compared with the mean value of the control group(64.6+3.6%) respectively(p<0.005). In ATU group the mean value of the T cell(53. 1+8. 1%) also showed decreasing tendency in comparison with that of control. The mean values of the T cell in total patient group(30.9+8. 9%) RIld AAP group(3'l. 5+8. %) showed statistically significant decrease when it compared with the mean value of the control group(42,6+8.9%) respectively(p<0. 005). In ATU group the mean value of the T< cell(28. 7+10. 9%) also showed decreasing tende- ncy in comparison with that of control. 3. The mean values of the Tr, cell in total patient group(6. 1+2. 2%) and AAP group(5.9+2.4%) showed staticstially significant decrease when it compared with the mean value of the control group(7.9+1.3%) respectively(p(p pl, pgp p25) In ATU group the mean value of the T cell(6. 7+0. 9%) also showed decreasing tendency in comparison with that of control. 4. The mean values of the T/T ratio showed no significant difference between the patient groups(total, AAP, ATU) and control group, respectively. Above data showed that defect of T cell and T subsets may be associated with the pathogenesis of alopecia areata.
Alopecia Areata ; Humans

The role of the immune system in pathogenesis of skin cancer has been attracted increasing attention in recent years. Some limited studies and observations suggest that altered immune status may be a factor in the initiation and growth of cutaneous malignancies. Authors experienced a typical case of xeroderma pigmentosum in a 6 year-old girl, who has been suffered from hyper and hypopigmented macules on sun-exposed area, photophobia and also noted eroded lesion on the lower lip. The biopsy finding of the hyperpigmented macule showed that of freckle and the finding of actinic cheilitis was observed from the specimen of eroded 1esion on the lower lip. We performed immunologic test and obtained some evidences of immunologic defect; such as decreased numbers of total T cells, T-suppressor cell and B cell in our patient.
Actins ; Biopsy ; Cheilitis ; Child ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Female ; Humans ; Ichthyosis* ; Immune System ; Immunologic Tests ; Lip ; Melanosis ; Photophobia ; Skin Neoplasms ; T-Lymphocytes ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum*

Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica(EBD) is a rare, hereditary and chronic mechanobullous disease characterized by blistering and erosions of the skin in response to even minor trauma. A 5-year old girl visited with a complaint of continuous vesicobullous skin eruptions since birth. On examination, bullae, vesicles, atrophic scars, crusts and ero:ions were scattered on whole body. Loss of finger and toe nails, partial syndactyly of all toe webs and milia on dorsa of feet were noticed. We present a case of EBD that seems to be a recessive type considering the absence of family history with histopathologic and electron microscopic findings.
Blister ; Child, Preschool ; Cicatrix ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica* ; Epidermolysis Bullosa* ; Female ; Fingers ; Foot ; Humans ; Parturition ; Skin ; Syndactyly ; Toes

BACKGROUND: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate postoperative mortality within 30 days following surgery. METHODS: The records of 31,806 patients who received operation under general anesthesia were reviewed. RESULTS: 1) Postoperative deaths were 184 cases, the ratio of which was comprising 0.57% of all surgical operative cases. 2) The highest ratio of the mortality in age group was 51~60 years group which was 24.5%, and in physical status it was ASA class III which was 36.4%. The highest ratio to the mortality rate in postoperative days was 8~30 days which was 45.1%. 3) The most common causes of death was low cardiac output due to heart failure on operating theater, and hypovolemic shock within postoperative 2 days, and intracranial problem within postoperative 7 days, and pulmonary complication within postoperative 30 days. CONCLUSION: We conclude that fatality rate could be decreased by intensive and multidisciplinary care for postoperaive complications as respiratory and renal failure.
Anesthesia, General ; Cardiac Output, Low ; Cause of Death ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Mortality ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock

This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials(D-SSEP) and segrnental somatosensory evoked potentials(S-SSEP) for the diagnosis of lurnbosacral radiculopathy. D-SSEP and S-SSEP were recorded from 30 healthy controls and 16 patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy(LA radiculopathy: 10 cases, L5: 13 cases, SI: 4 cases) who was diagnosed by clinical findings CT and/or MRI. D-SSEP were abnormal in 40%, 30.7% and 25% of the patients with IA, L5 and Sl radiculopathy respectively and S-SSEP were abnormal in 20%, 38% and 50% of the patients with IA, L5 and Sl radiculopathy respectively. The proportion of abnormal findings in the' patients with L4, L5 and Sl radiculopathy was increased to 50%, 46. 1% and 50% respectively by administering both of D-SSEP and S-SSEP. In conclusion, D-SSEP and S-SSEP are simple and noninvasive test but insensitive studies for diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy. The diagnostic sensitivity could be increased by usmg both of these two studies.
Diagnosis ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Radiculopathy*

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of acute withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs in epileptic patients during continuous BEG monitoring. One hundred sixty-five withdrawals in 134 patients who were candidates for epileptic surgery were included for this study. Clinical features and frequency of seizure were observed after drug withdrawal with daily monitoring of serum drug level. The phases after withdrawal of antiepileptics were divided into phase of therapeutic drug level, phase of falling drug level, and phase of subtherapeutic or undetectable(zero) drug level. There were significant increase in frequency of seizure and seizure of secondary generalization after acute withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs. Number of seizure during the period of drugs withdrawals was not correlated with onset age of epilepsy, duration of epilepsy, duration of medication, and number of administrated antiepiteptic drugs. The number of frequency of seizure before drug withdrawal was correlated with the number of frequency of withdrawal seizure. The number of seizure frequency after carbamazepine withdrawal was significantly higher during the phase of subtherapeutic or zero drug level, and not during phase of rapid falling antiepileptic drug level.
Age of Onset ; Anticonvulsants* ; Carbamazepine ; Epilepsy ; Generalization (Psychology) ; Humans ; Seizures*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung*

A 66 year old male with a suprarenal pheochromocytoma on the left side was treated preoperatively with oral phenoxybenzamine 20 mg, b. i. d. for 2 weeks. The night before surgery, phenobarbital 100 mg & diazepam 5 mg were given orally. One hour before induction, diazepam 10 mg i. m. was given. Preinduction BP was 210/140 and HR was 130/min. After diazepam 20 mg i. v, BP lowered to 200/130 and HR lowered to 126/min. With commencement of sodium nitroprusside i. v. dripping, a BP of 160/100 and HR of 118 were maintained. Following Thiopental sodium 250 mg i. v., mask induction was started with N2O-O2-Enflurane and pancuronium 4 mg i. v., after 5 minutes, a #8.5 tube was intubated and pindolol 0.16 mg was injected to prevent tachycardia. We maintained a tolerable BP and pulse by repeatedly adding a bolus i. v. injection of phenoxybenzamine 1 to 2 mg during tumor manipulation and removal. No arrhythmia was noted throughout the procedure, except tachycardia. After removal of the tumor, with rapid blood transfusion and fluid infusion plus dopamine i. v. dripping, a tolerable BP and pulse was maintained.
Aged ; Anesthesia* ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Transfusion ; Diazepam ; Dopamine ; Enflurane* ; Humans ; Male ; Masks ; Nitroprusside ; Pancuronium ; Phenobarbital ; Phenoxybenzamine ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Pindolol ; Tachycardia ; Thiopental

This study was undertaken to investigate the morphological changes of hair according to weathering after burial and to offer basic data for forensic science. To examine the effect of weathering degree, the 45 hairs buried for 5~50 years were taken from deceased individuals in tombs in Korea. The morphological changes in weathering hair shafts of the scalp were investigated using the scanning electron microscopes. There were little morphological differences of weathering depending on the regions of burial. The weathering changes includes exclusion of cuticle, separation of hair cortex and hollow formation in the medulla according to the burial period. These results could provide basic data to the field of forensic medicine.
Burial ; Electrons ; Forensic Medicine ; Forensic Sciences ; Hair ; Humans ; Korea ; Scalp ; Weather

BACKGROUND: Although ischemic preconditioning (IPC) or propofol is generally known to confer the cardioprotective effect on ischemic-reperfused hearts, especially in patients subjected to operation such as cardiopulmonary bypass and heart transplantation, the exact effects of IPC and propofol are still controversial. Furthermore, the interaction between IPC- and propofol-induced cardioprotective effects has not been studied yet. The aims of this study are to examine 1) whether IPC and propofol demonstrates the cardioprotective effect against ischemic-reperfusion injury in the isolated rat hearts, and if so, 2) whether the combination of IPC and propofol shows the additive effects. METHODS: Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min global ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Four groups of hearts (n = 7 per group) were studied. Group control (no intervention); group IPC, two 2-min total coronary occlusions (ischemic preconditioning) interspersed with 5 min and 6 min of normal perfusion before global ischemia; group propofol, propofol 2microgram/ml (11.1microM) administered before global ischemia and during reperfusion; group propofol/IPC, propofol 2microgram/ml administered before IPC and during reperfusion. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), + dP/dtmax and - dP/dtmin were recorded and creatinine kinase (CK) in coronary effluent perfusate and coronary flow also were measured. RESULTS: There were significant differences in recovery of postischemic systolic function between control and IPC, propofol and propofol/IPC as assessed by LVDP, expressed as a percentage of preischemic value (22.2 +/-8.4 vs 59.4 +/- 6.8, 69.4 +/- 7.9 and 66.0+/- 7.1%, respectively; P <0.05) at the end of reperfusion. The propofol and propofol/IPC showed better recovery in postischemic relaxation than IPC or control as asse ssed by LVEDP (11.3 +/- 2.2 and 11.3 +/-6.1 vs 56 +/- 6.0 or, 25.2 +/- 7.6 mmHg, respectively; P < 0.05). There were significant differences in attenuation of myocardial damage between propofol/IPC and control as assessed by % change of CK (135.5 +/- 54.7 vs 602.3 +/- 225.1%, P < 0.05) and % change of coronary flow (66.6 +/- 4.0 vs 39.2 +/-5.2%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ischemic preconditioning combined with propofol may not show any additive effect on IPC-and propofol-induced attenuation of postischemic ventricular dysfunction, however it show the tendency to attenuate the myocardial damage.
Animals ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coronary Occlusion ; Creatinine ; Equidae ; Heart Transplantation ; Heart* ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Ischemic Preconditioning* ; Perfusion ; Phosphotransferases ; Propofol* ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; Reperfusion ; Ventricular Dysfunction