Cervical spinal stenosis can be diagnosed indirectly by measuring the anteroposterior diameter or Pavlovs ratio in simple cervical spinal radiographs. The purposes of this study were to assess the trasverse areas of the spinal canal,the dural tube and the spinal cord of the cervical spine of normal adults by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to find the possible correlationship among the MRI results. T1-weighted MR images of the cervical spine of 100 normal adults were evaluated by measuring the transverse areas of the three structures in the axial plane. The maximal transverse areas of the spinal cord was 84.5mm2 at C5 and the minimal transverse areas of the dural tube and spinal canal were 153.6mm2 and 232.4mm2 at C6, respectively. The transvere areas of the spinal canal correlated better with the dural tube areas than with the spinal cord areas. The areas of the spinal canal, the dural tube and the spinal cord in MRI correlated better with the sagittal diameter than with the Pavlov's ratio in simple lateral radiographs.
Adult* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Spinal Canal* ; Spinal Cord* ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and usefulness of laparoscopic myomectomy compare to abdominal myomectomy in pregnancy outcome through estimating the uterine wall thickness in second, third trimester pregnancy and delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total number of patients underwent operations for intramural myomectomy in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Chonnam University Hospital was 95. Patients underwent laparoscopic myomectomy(Group A) patients are 42 and abdominal myomectomy (Group B) are 53 patients. Age, parity, size of fibroid, number of fibroid, indications of myomectomy, pregnancy loss, delivery methods and complications during delivery were evaluated. Uterine wall thickness in second and third trimester pregnancy was measured by Aloka SSD-2000 sonography. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 32.84.6 years in Group A and 32.45.1 years in Group B. Operation time, admission period and postoperative complications were not sinificantly different but operative blood loss was significantly small amount in Group A(p=0.001). Pregnancy rates was 47.6%(20/42) in Group A and 49.1%(26/53) in Group B after surgery(p=0.182). Successful delivery was 80%(16/20) in Group A and 76.9%(20/26) in Group B(p=0.182). Early pregnancy loss was 20%(4/20) in Group A and 19.2%(5/26) in Group B. Therefore pregnancy rates and successful delivery was not significantly different in Group A and B. Complications of pregnancy were premature rupture of membrane, preterm labor, pregnancy induced hypertension. There were no difference between Group A and B. In delivery methods, elective cesarean section was done 15 in Group A and 16 in Group B. Vaginal delivery was done 1 in Group A and 4 in Group B. Early pregnancy loss was 4 in Group A and 6 in Group B. Mean gestational weeks was 38.02.2 in Group A and 38.21.9 in Group B. In operative findings, adhesion was 5 in Group A and 7 in Group B at previous myomectomy site. Only one case was uterine wall thinning in Group B but maternal and fetal conditions were good. Mean uterine wall thickness was 4.2 2.5mm in Group A and 4.0 2.8mm in Group B at 2nd trimester, 4.0 2.7mm in Group A and 3.8 2.5mm in Group B at 3rd trimester, 4.0 2.5mm in Group A and 3.9 2.7mm in Group B at delivery. CONCLUSION: We conclude that pregnancy after laparoscopic myomectomy is safe, useful method comparable to abdominal myomectomy without increased risk of pregnancy loss and complications.
Cesarean Section ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; Jeollanam-do ; Leiomyoma ; Membranes ; Myoma* ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Obstetrics ; Parity ; Postoperative Complications ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Rupture

No abstract available.
Kyphosis*

No abstract available.
Bacillus* ; Humans ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

Authors have quantitated the T cell and T subsets(T and T cell) in the per- ipheral blood of 16 patients with alopecia areata and 16 normal healthy controls. The results are as follows: 1. The mean values of the T cell in total patient group(54,6+7.9g) and AAP group(5,3. 1+8. 1%) showed staticstially significant decrease when it compared with the mean value of the control group(64.6+3.6%) respectively(p<0.005). In ATU group the mean value of the T cell(53. 1+8. 1%) also showed decreasing tendency in comparison with that of control. The mean values of the T cell in total patient group(30.9+8. 9%) RIld AAP group(3'l. 5+8. %) showed statistically significant decrease when it compared with the mean value of the control group(42,6+8.9%) respectively(p<0. 005). In ATU group the mean value of the T< cell(28. 7+10. 9%) also showed decreasing tende- ncy in comparison with that of control. 3. The mean values of the Tr, cell in total patient group(6. 1+2. 2%) and AAP group(5.9+2.4%) showed staticstially significant decrease when it compared with the mean value of the control group(7.9+1.3%) respectively(p(p pl, pgp p25) In ATU group the mean value of the T cell(6. 7+0. 9%) also showed decreasing tendency in comparison with that of control. 4. The mean values of the T/T ratio showed no significant difference between the patient groups(total, AAP, ATU) and control group, respectively. Above data showed that defect of T cell and T subsets may be associated with the pathogenesis of alopecia areata.
Alopecia Areata ; Humans

The role of the immune system in pathogenesis of skin cancer has been attracted increasing attention in recent years. Some limited studies and observations suggest that altered immune status may be a factor in the initiation and growth of cutaneous malignancies. Authors experienced a typical case of xeroderma pigmentosum in a 6 year-old girl, who has been suffered from hyper and hypopigmented macules on sun-exposed area, photophobia and also noted eroded lesion on the lower lip. The biopsy finding of the hyperpigmented macule showed that of freckle and the finding of actinic cheilitis was observed from the specimen of eroded 1esion on the lower lip. We performed immunologic test and obtained some evidences of immunologic defect; such as decreased numbers of total T cells, T-suppressor cell and B cell in our patient.
Actins ; Biopsy ; Cheilitis ; Child ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Female ; Humans ; Ichthyosis* ; Immune System ; Immunologic Tests ; Lip ; Melanosis ; Photophobia ; Skin Neoplasms ; T-Lymphocytes ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum*

A clinical observation on the vesicovaginal repair was done on24 cases admitted to the Dep. of Urology, Keimyung University Hospital, during the period from 1971 through 1981. Vesicovaginal fistula can be surgically repaired via vaginal route or transvesical extraperitoneal or transperitoneal technique and the following results were obtained. 1. Overall success rate of vesicovaginal fistula repair was 71% and that of simplified transperitoneal transvesical approach was higher than conventional method (88%). 2. Excision of the fistulas were facilitated by continuing traction on the Foley catheter, vaginal insertion of assistant`s finger and sand bag application below hip. 3. Preoperative infection with scar tissue, short duration, large sized fistula, inadequate exposure and dissection of bladder from vagina turned out to be main factors of the operative failure. 4. Wide exposure with tension free closure of well-vascularized peritoneal flaps and the judicious interposition of pedicled omentum have produced the most encouraging results and supravesical diversion by ileal or colonic conduit can be avoided. 5. Previous attempts for surgical repair seemed to have relation with success rate.
Catheters ; Cicatrix ; Colon ; Fingers ; Fistula ; Hip ; Omentum ; Silicon Dioxide ; Traction ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology ; Vagina ; Vesicovaginal Fistula*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

Herniated intervertebral disc(HIVD) of the lumbar spine has been known to be relatively uncommon in the teenager and frequently be associated with trauma. However, with the changing life style and increasing sports activities, and most of all, with the advent of new imaging modalities, the incidence seems to be increasing gradually. In order to define the characteristic pattern of HIVD of teenager in the era of MRI, and to clarify the associated lesions, such as apophyseal ring fractures, authors performed this retrospective study in 55 teenager patients with HIVD(77 discs), in which MRI was used as main diagnostic modality. The following results were obtained 1) The incidence of the HIVD in teenager was 9.6%(55 patients) of total HIVD patients(575 patients) for 4 years from December 1989 to December 1993. 2) According to MRI findings, HIVD of the teenager could be classified into 3 distinct patterns; simple HIVD, lumbar apophyseal ring fracture(LARF), and vertebral rim lesion. 3) In simple HIVD, as for the MRI classification, protruded type was most frequent type and there was no sequestered type 4) In LARF, the incidence was 14.4% of teenager's HIVD and posterocephalad margin of L5 was the most common site of involvement. 5) Exophytic bony protrusion from the posterior margin of vertebral body, which we called vertebral rim lesion, could be defined on MR sagittal view in 6 cases.
Adolescent ; Classification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intervertebral Disc ; Life Style ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; Sports

Nine hips in eight patients had development of femoral endosteal cortical erosion after a cementless total hip arthroplasty. Serial anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of all of the affected femora were reviewed to determine the interval between the operation and the first recognition of the osteolytic lesion or lesion, as well as to evaluate the radiographic appearance and progression of the lesions. We reviewed the one hundred twenty hips in one hundred eleven patients had a cementless total hip arthroplsty at the department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital from January 1985 to December 1991. The mean average follow up period was forty five months (twenty four to one hundred nine months). Osteolysis was first noted radiographically at forty four to eighty five months(mean, sixty three months) postoperatively; it occurred most frequently around the distal portion of the prosthetic stem. Three of the femoral components were shown to be loose. The remaining six hips had been judged to be stable when the endosteal erosion had first been identified. The osteolysis was more severe in the femora in which the component was loose than in those in which it was stable. Of the six stable hips and two unstable hips except revised one hip, who were followed, four hips had an increase in the size of osteolytic lesion with time. All two unstable hips and two stable hips among six stable hips had an increase in the size of osteolytic lesion with time. Therefore, close follow up in necessary for patients in whom osteolysis develops in association with a stable cementless femoral component.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Busan ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Osteolysis