This study was performed to compare the amount of blood flow from left and right side heart using Doppler echocardiography and Fick method. The pulmonary blood flow (Qp), aortic blood flow (Qs) and Qp/Qs ratio were noninvasively evaluated by two dimensional Doppler echocardiography in 10 patients with ventricular septal defect in children, aged 2 years to 15 years (mean+/-SD=7.1+/-4.9 years). Cardiac catheterization was performed within 2 days after examination of Doppler echocardiography in all patients. Systemic and pulmonary blood flow was calculated by using Fick principle, based on measured oxygen consumption and measured blood oxygen saturation. The Doppler frequency shift was analyzed by computer system combined with Meridian Echocardiography System. Comparison of Qp, Qs and Qp/Qs ratio obtained by invasive methods and by two-dimensional pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography showed a correlation of 0.679 in Qp, 0.710 in Qs and 0.639 in Qp/Qs ratio (p<0.05).
Cardiac Catheterization* ; Cardiac Catheters* ; Child* ; Computer Systems ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Heart ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Orthognathic Surgery

No abstract available.

The growth factor receptor oncogene, c-erb B-2, is frequently overexpressed in the adenocarcinomas of breast, ovary, lung and stomach. Although the mechanism of erb B-2 overexpression is thought as the result of transcriptional upregulation in many primary human carcinomas, expression rate of c-erb B-2 at mRNA level is usually lower than the level of translated protein. We also found that the expression of erb B-2 in SNU-1 stomach cancer cells was greater at post-transcription level (Bae et al., 1993). To explore the underlying mechanism of erb B-2 protein overexpression, we have chosen two cells lines, SNU-1 and SNU-16 where transcription rate of erb B-2 was closely resemble to each other while expressed protein levels were quite different. The synthesis rate of erb B-2 protein in SNU-1 cells was faster than SNU-16 cells while levels of erb B-2 mRNA were found to be similar in both cell lines. The half-life of the expressed erb B-2 protein was not significantly different in both cell lines. Analysis of the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of erb B-2 mRNA (-1approximately-323) showed no sequence abnormality in both cell lines. However, ribonuclease protection assay using cloned 5 UTR sequence revealed that the size of 5' UTR of erb B-2 mRNA which associate with transcription initiation site(s) in SNU-1 cells was longer than that in SNU-16. These results suggest that the increased erb B-2 protein synthesis rate possibly due to the redundant selection of transcription initiation might be a mechanism of erb B-2 overexpression in SNU-1 cells.
5' Untranslated Regions ; Base Sequence ; Comparative Study ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Half-Life ; Human ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Receptor, erbB-2/*genetics/*metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

This experiment was designed to investigate the histochemical and ultrastructural changes of the proximal tubules and glomeruli of rabbits treated with cyclosporin A (CsA) or cyclosporin A and concomitant administration of prednisolone (PD). Rabbits were given with CsA for 1 week (CsAlW) and for 2 weeks (CsA2W) and CsA plus PD for 1 week (CsA +PDIW) and for 2 weeks (CsA+PD2W). The dose of CsA was 5mg/kg/day i.v. and PD was 1 mg/kg/day i.m. At 1 week and 2 weeks after the treatments, the following items were studied of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase). peroxidase, 5'-nucleotidase (SNU) with the ultrastructural enzymatic changes and electron microscopic changes. CsAlW, CsA2W and CsA +PD2W groups showed a decrease of ALPase activity and CsA+PD2W and CsA2W groups showed weakly increased peroxidase activity CsA2W and CsA+PD2W showed a decrease of 5NU activity. Ultrastructural changes of CsAlW CsA2W and CsA+PD2W groups revealed swollen and disrupted mitochondria, loss of brush border in the proximal tubules and thickening of basement membranes, edematous podocytes and fusion of root processes of podocytes in the glomeruli showing the early stage of nephrotoxicity. The concomitant treatment of PD with CsA eased the nephrotoxicity of CsA within 1 week after the treatment.
5'-Nucleotidase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Basement Membrane ; Cyclosporine* ; Kidney* ; Microvilli ; Mitochondria ; Peroxidase ; Podocytes ; Prednisolone* ; Rabbits

No abstract available.
Amyloidosis*

No abstract available.
Electrolytes* ; Lung*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

The formation of urinary calculi following renal transplantation is rare event with a frequency of less than 5%. Although infection, renal tubular acidosis and cyclosporine-induced hyperuricosuria can predispose toward stone formation in a renal allograft. The modalities of treatment used, were percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, shock wave lithotripsy and chemolysis. We report a case in which a double-J ureteral stent that had been forgotten for 10 years induced staghorn calculi in allograft. The stone was successfully removed by percutaneous ultrasonic nephrolithotripsy through graft renal pelvis.
Acidosis, Renal Tubular ; Allografts* ; Calculi* ; Kidney Calculi ; Kidney Pelvis* ; Kidney Transplantation ; Lithotripsy ; Shock ; Stents ; Transplants* ; Ultrasonics ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi