BACKGROUNDS: With the recent elucidation of genetic basis of Rh blood group, it is now available the molecular genotyping methods for Rh blood typing. These can be used when serological typing is difficult. This study was conducted to investigate the usefulness of Rh genotyping method for Koreans. METHODS: Genotyping for Rh C/c and E/e was performed in peripheral blood DNA samples from 34 blood donors by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). The PCR determined genotypes were compared with serologically determined phenotypes. RESULTS: The Rh C/c and E/e genotyping results of 34 blood donors were full concordance with the results of their serologic phenotyping. CONCLUSIONS: Rh genotyping method on the basis of Rh genetic model can be applied to Koreans. This genotyping method would be useful tool in prenatal Rh typing of fetus at risk of hemolytic disease and when serotyping is not available for example massive transfusion. (Korean J Blood Transfusion 10(1): 21-26, 1999)
Blood Donors ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Blood Transfusion ; DNA ; Fetus ; Genotype ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Serotyping

Ascorbic acid in aqueous humor, the concentration is 15-69 times higher than in plasma, protects ocular tissues from free radicals as an antioxidant and absorbs ultraviolet rays. It is regarded that the concentration of ascorbic acid in the vitreous body is greater than in the plasma, but there is no knowledge about it's role and relationships to retinal disease. We measured the concentrations of ascorbic acid in plasma, aqueous humor, vitreous and subretinal fluid in 10 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who were treated with scleral encircling by high performance liquid chromatography. The average concentrations of ascorbic acid in plasma, anterior chamber aqueous humor, vitreous, and subretinal fluid were 30.8 +/- 7.5 micro gram/ml, 157.4 +/- 2.5 micro gram/ml, 195.3 +/- 7.5 micro gram/ml, and 178.5 +/- 2.5 micro gram/ml respectively. The ascorbic acid concentrations in intraocular fluids were 5-6 times higher than in plasma.
Anterior Chamber ; Aqueous Humor ; Ascorbic Acid* ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Plasma ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Diseases ; Retinaldehyde* ; Subretinal Fluid* ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitreous Body

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Photochemotherapy*

There have been many reports regarding complications associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) and it may be true that there are many unrevealed complications. Although it is used to say that 'any CPR is better than no CPR', inadvertent or inadequate CPR may insult in serious organ injury. This report describes a 64-year-old woman who suffered Mallory-Weiss tear resulting from inadvertent cardiopulmonary resuscitation by a bystander who had never been trained. Possible mechanisms of gastric injuries caused by CPR are suggested, and importance of adequate CPR training are emphasized in this report.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Female ; Humans ; Mallory-Weiss Syndrome* ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS), as defied recently by critical-care specialists, may result from various etiologies including infection, bum, or trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TNF- alpha is associated with the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by multiple trauma. METHODS: The study population consisted of 21 patients with multiple trauma presented emergency department within 2 hours after insult were enrolled in this study Multiple blood samples were serially drawn to measure seam TNF-alpha level on admission, 12 hours, 24 hours, and every day until 5 days after injury. Serum TNF-alpha was measured by ELISA ("Sandwich type"). Blood samples of fifteen volunteers were used as a reference value far serum TNF-alpha. RESULTS: Serum TNF-alpha. levels of SIRS group were persistency elevated above reference value until 3 days after on admission. Peak seam TNF-alpha level at 12 hours after admission was higher in SIRS group than non-SIRS group(p< 0.05). There was no significant correlation between injury severity score and TNF-alpha levels on regression analysis, all patients with ISS higher than 16 had SIRS. No one had SIRS among patients with ISS less than 16. CONCLUSION: the result of this study suggests that persistent elevation of TNF-alpha and degree of injury severity are associated with the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in multiple trauma.
Emergency Service, Hospital ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Multiple Trauma* ; Reference Values ; Specialization ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha* ; Volunteers

The most common problem in pterygium operation is the recurrence. Therefore radiation therapy or instillation of mitomycin-C after pterygium operation have used to prevent the recurrence of pterygium. We evaluated recurrence rate and complication rate with mitomycin-C and without mitomycin-C after the operation of pterygium in 113 eyes. The 112 patients(113 eyes) underwent simple surgical excision, whose mean age was 50.7 tears, and whose follow-up period was 6 to 12 months. 0.04% solution of mitomycin-C was instilled to 61 eyes and not to 52 eyes. Recurrence was noticed in 12 out of 61 eyes(19.6%) among the group not using mitomycin-D and in 2 out of 52 eyes(3.8%) among the group using mitomycin-C after pterygium operation. One eye in patients using mitomycin-C showed severe corneal edema due to endothelial decompensation by the toxicity of mitomycin-C. It is concluded that mitomycin-C ws effective to prevent recurrence after pterygium operation, but we should be aware of the severe complications by the toxicity of mitomycin-C.
Corneal Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mitomycin* ; Pterygium* ; Recurrence*

Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Transplantation ; Cartilage ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Lifting ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Stem Cells ; Tendons ; Tissue Engineering ; Transplants

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: No existing device for cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)isdesignedto exploit both the "cardiac pump" and the "thoracic pump" simultaneously. This study was designed to assess the hemodynamic effects of simultaneous sterno-thoracic CPR (SST-CPR) vs. standard CPR (S-CPR) using a mechanical resuscitator in a canine model of cardiac arrest. DEVICE DESCRIPTION: We have built a device that depresses the sternum and circumferentially constricts the thorax simultaneously. This device has two components. The first component is a piston, which depresses the sternum. The second is a circumferential strap that constricts the thorax as the piston is pushed down on the sternum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve domestic dogs were enrolled in this study. After catheterizations to measure pressures from the aorta and the right atrium, ventricular fibrillation was induced by passing AC current to the right ventricle. After 4 minutes of cardiac arrest, S-CPR and SST-CPR were performed alternatively. Aortic pressure, right atrial pressure, cardiac output, and end tidal CO2 were measured while each method of CPR was performing. RESULTS: SST-CPR resulted in significantly higher mean arterial pressure than S-CPR (68.9+/-16.1 vs 30.5+/-10.0 mmHg, p<0.01). SST-CPR could generate higher coronary perfusion pressure than S-CPR (47.0+/-11.4 vs 17.3+/-8.9 mmHg, p<0.01). End tidal CO2 tension was also higher during SST-CPR than S-CPR (11.6+/-6.1 vs 2.17+/-3.3 mmHg, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Simultaneous sternothoracic cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a new method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which can generate better hemodynamic effects than standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Animals ; Aorta ; Arterial Pressure ; Atrial Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Dogs ; Heart Arrest* ; Heart Atria ; Heart Ventricles ; Hemodynamics* ; Perfusion ; Sternum ; Thorax ; Ventricular Fibrillation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: No existing device for cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)isdesignedto exploit both the "cardiac pump" and the "thoracic pump" simultaneously. This study was designed to assess the hemodynamic effects of simultaneous sterno-thoracic CPR (SST-CPR) vs. standard CPR (S-CPR) using a mechanical resuscitator in a canine model of cardiac arrest. DEVICE DESCRIPTION: We have built a device that depresses the sternum and circumferentially constricts the thorax simultaneously. This device has two components. The first component is a piston, which depresses the sternum. The second is a circumferential strap that constricts the thorax as the piston is pushed down on the sternum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve domestic dogs were enrolled in this study. After catheterizations to measure pressures from the aorta and the right atrium, ventricular fibrillation was induced by passing AC current to the right ventricle. After 4 minutes of cardiac arrest, S-CPR and SST-CPR were performed alternatively. Aortic pressure, right atrial pressure, cardiac output, and end tidal CO2 were measured while each method of CPR was performing. RESULTS: SST-CPR resulted in significantly higher mean arterial pressure than S-CPR (68.9+/-16.1 vs 30.5+/-10.0 mmHg, p<0.01). SST-CPR could generate higher coronary perfusion pressure than S-CPR (47.0+/-11.4 vs 17.3+/-8.9 mmHg, p<0.01). End tidal CO2 tension was also higher during SST-CPR than S-CPR (11.6+/-6.1 vs 2.17+/-3.3 mmHg, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Simultaneous sternothoracic cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a new method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which can generate better hemodynamic effects than standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Animals ; Aorta ; Arterial Pressure ; Atrial Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Dogs ; Heart Arrest* ; Heart Atria ; Heart Ventricles ; Hemodynamics* ; Perfusion ; Sternum ; Thorax ; Ventricular Fibrillation

We report a case of cervical ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament(OALL) that contributed to dysphagia with ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament. A 63-year-old man complained of progressive dysphagia for solid foods. Clinical and radiographical findings including barium esophagogram and computed tomography showed OALL in cervical vertebrae from C2 to C7. Magnetic resonance images demonstrated displacement of the trachea and esophagus by OALL. The patient underwent anterior ostectomy from C2 to C7 via anterior cervical approach with excellent relief of dysphagia.
Barium ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Deglutition Disorders* ; Esophagus ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Ligaments* ; Middle Aged ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ; Trachea