BACKGROUND: bcl-2 is a newly characterized proto-oncogen that has been shown to suppress programmed cell death(apoptosis), which is involved in tumorigenesis, and its expression has been demonstrated within tumor cells in a variety of neoplasms. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether there are differences in bcl-2 expression in basal cell carcinoma and several epidermal keratinocytic tumors. In addition, we evaluated bcl-2 expression according to histological types of basal cell carcinoma as well as the interaction of expression of bcl-2 and MIB-1 protein in BCC subtypes. METHODS: Routine paraffin sections of formalin-fixed sixty tissues(20 BCC, 10 Bowen disease, 10 keratoacanthoma, and 20 SCC) were labelled with anti-bcl-2 monoclonal antibody and MIB-1 using a labelled streptavidin-biotin complex. RESULTS: 1. Twenty cases of basal cell carcinoma were examined and all expressed cytoplasmic bcl-2. Three out of 20 cases of squamous cell carcinoma were focally positive. None of the 10 Bowen disease cases and the 10 keratoacanthoma cases expressed bcl-2. 2. In BCC, bcl-2 immunoreactivity was great in the superficical subtypes which had an indolent growth variant, moderate in the circumscribed types, and weak in the infiltrative types which had aggressive growth variants. 3. Evaluation of the distribution of bcl-2 immunoreactive categories and MIB-1 grades revealed a negative correlation tendency, but no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the presence of a protection mechanism from apoptosis mediated by bcl-2 protein involved in the neoplastic growth mechanism of BCC. In addition, the observed findings in the expression pattern of bcl-2 and MIB-1 in the BCC subtypes may be due to interaction between bcl-2 and other apoptotic-related oncogens.
Apoptosis ; Bowen's Disease ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinogens ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cytoplasm ; Keratoacanthoma ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Paraffin

No abstract available.
Life Style* ; Prostatism*

No abstract available.
Seat Belts*

Mass screening of cardiomegaly by chest X-ray in 144,021 (male 55,491, female 88,530) students of primary, middle and high school (6~17 years of age) in Seoul was performed and electrocardiograms of 217 cases of cardiomegaly were studied. The results were as follows; 1) Cardiomegaly (cardiothoracic ratio over 0.5) was seen in 0.19% of each sex and it was higher in middle and high school ages (12~17 years) than primary school ages (6~11 years). 2) Incidences of abnormal electrocardiogram in cardiomegaly were 59.5% in male and 54.7% of female students. Major abnormal electrocardiograms in cardiomegaly were right ventricular hypertrophy (24.8%), left ventricular hypertrophy (11.6%), biventricular hypertrophy(4.8%), complete right bundle branch block (7.7%), incomplete right bundle branch block (8.7%), first degree A-V block (5.8%) and premature beat (4.3%). 3) Left ventficular hypertrophy was seen most frequently in high school ages (15~17 years) and decreased with decreasing age. Right ventricular hypertropy was seen most frequently in primary school ages (9~11 years) and decreased with increasing age. Biventricular hypertrophy was seen most frequently in primary school ages (6~8 years) and decreased with increasing age. 4) Complete and incomplete right vundle branch block were seen commonly in 12~17 years of age and first degree A-V block in 9~11 years of age.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Incidence

Rieger's syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant developmental anomaly characterized by ocular and systemic abnomalities. These disorders are typically bilateral and usually diagnosed at birth or in the childhood. The most common ocular defects are hypoplasia of the iris, a prominent Schwalbe's line with iris strands and corectopia. A large number of patients have glaucoma due to devel-opmental defects of the anterior chamber angle structure. The authors experienced a case of Rieger's syndrome which was found in 31-year-old female, who had characteristic ocular and other systemic abnormalities. Associated glaucoma was well controlled by filtering surgery.
Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Atrophy ; Edema ; Female ; Filtering Surgery ; Frontal Lobe ; Glaucoma* ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; Iris ; Neurofibromatoses ; Optic Atrophy ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Nerve Diseases* ; Parturition ; Skin

We analized the results of treatment in 28 children with high hyperopic amblyopia or astigmatic amblyopia among 65 amblyopic children ranging from 3 to 10 years of age from Jan. 1985 to Dec. 1989. The results are as follows: 1. The final corrected visual acuities of both eyes above 0.8, according to Han's visual acuity chart, were attained in 7 cases (50.0%) among children with high hyperopic amblyopia and 4 cases (28.6%) among children with astigmatic amblyopia. 2. As the degree of hyperopic errors increased, initial corrected visual acuity decreased (p<0.05). 3. The initial corrected visual acuity was not associated with the degree of hyperopic errors, but could be correlated with the initial visual acuity examination under 5 years of age (p<0.025). 4. The final corrected visual acuity recovered was above 0.8, (with Han's visual acuity chart) in 11 eyes (78.6%) among 14 eyes with high hyperopic amblyopia under 5 years of age However above 6 years of age, only one eye (12.5%) among 8 eys was correctable. 5. As the degree of astigmatic errors increased, the final corrected visual acuity decreased (p<0.025).
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available in English.
Tibia

Breast augmentation of ptotic micromastia is relatively difficult procedure than simple augmentation. Surgeon must make into account many variables, ptosis degree, chest wall size, shape, asymmetry, nipple and inframammary fold level, soft tissue characteristic etc. One-stage mastopexy augmentation procedure has higher patient acceptance because this limits the number of sick days and the need for hospital care, and it is also less expensive. Because of two procedures that has opposite effect to soft tissue be done in the same time, there can be high incidence of unfavorable outcomes and complications. Some well known doctors recommend that 2-step procedure of mastopexy folllowed by augmentation can be much better option. It can make more predictable result and it is also safe in soft tissue problem and vascularity. In one stage augmentation mastopexy, high and extrahigh projection implants have often been promoted for augmenting glandular ptotic breast, emphasizing the role of implant projection to the sagging parenchyma and skin of lower pole of breast anteriorly to "lift" the breast and "correct" the ptosis. High and extra high profile implants may contribute projection, but they are not the best choice for correction of glandular ptosis. It has several negatives, additional parenchymal atrophy, lower pole skin stretch and thinning and visible and palpable rippling. All of these tissue consequences are irreversible and uncorrectable. Optimal implant design for augmentation of glandular ptotic breast is full height, moderate profile, shaped, textured, form stable implant.
Atrophy ; Breast ; Breast Implants ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mammaplasty ; Models, Anatomic ; Nipples ; Sick Leave ; Silicone Gels ; Skin ; Thoracic Wall

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hysterectomy*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Respiration, Artificial*