No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cytogenetic Analysis* ; Cytogenetics* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Abscess*

PURPOSE: Multifocal development of transitional cell carcinoma in the urinary tract is well recognized. We reviewed the urethral recurrence following cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and determined the factors influencing this recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1984 to December 1996, 97 patients underwent total cystectomy in our hospital and 59 men were able to be followed up for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The incidence of the urethral recurrence after cystectomy and its relationship to some factors including tumor stage, grade, number, shape, and location of the bladder cancer were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 59 patients, nine(15.3%) had secondary urethral cancer which was more common in high stage & grade, multiple, sessile tumors and that involved the trigone, bladder neck or prostate. CONCLUSIONS: A proper evaluation of patients at high risk for subsequent development of cancer in the urethra after cystectomy appears to be important to determine whether or not preserve the urethra and to avoid unnecessary urethrectomy during the total cystectomy.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cystectomy* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neck ; Prostate ; Recurrence* ; Urethra ; Urethral Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Tract

Osseointegrated titanium implants have become an integral therapy for the replacement of teeth lost. For dental implant materials, titanium, hydroxyapatite and alumina oxide have been used, which of them, titanium implants are in wide use today. Titanium is known for its high corrosion resistance and biocompatability, because of the high stability of oxide layer mainly consists of TiO2. With the development of peri-implantitis, the implant surface is changed in surface topography and element composition. None of the treatments for cleaning and detoxification of implant surface is efficient to remove surface contamination from contaminated titanium implants to such extent that the original surface elemental composition. In this sights, the purpose of this study was to evaluate rough surface titanium implants by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) with respect to surface appearance and surface elemental composition. Moreover, it was also the aim to get the base for treatments of peri-implantitis. For the SEM and XPS study, rough surface titanium models were fabricated for control group. Six experimental groups were evaluated: 1) long-time room exposure, 2) air-powder abrasive cleaning for 1min, 3) burnishing in citric acid(pH1) for 1min, 4) burnishing in citric acid for 3min, 5) burnishing in tetracycline for 1min, 6) burnishing in tetracycline for 3min. All experimental treatments were followed by 1min of rinsing with distilled water. The results were as follows: 1. SEM observations of all experimental groups showed that any changes in surface topography were not detected when compared with control group. (750x magnification) 2. XPS analysis showed that in all experimental groups, titanium and oxygen were increased and carbon was decreased, when compared with control group. 3. XPS analysis showed that the level of titanium, oxygen and carbon in the experimental group 3(citric acid treatment for 1min, followed by 1min of distilled water irrigation) reached to the level of control group. 4. XPS analysis showed that significant differences were not detected between the experimental group 1 and the other experimental groups except of experimental group 3. The Ti. level of experimental group 2, air-powder abrasive treatment for 1min followed by 1 min of saline irrigation, was lower than the Ti. level of tetracycline treated groups, experimental group 5 and 6. From the result of this study, it may be concluded that the 1min of citric acid treatment followed by same time of rinsing with distilled water gave the best results from elemental points of view, and can be used safely to treat peri-implantitis.
Aluminum Oxide ; Carbon ; Citric Acid ; Corrosion ; Decontamination* ; Dental Implants ; Durapatite ; Oxygen ; Peri-Implantitis ; Tetracycline ; Titanium* ; Tooth ; Water

Periodontal supporting tissue goes through destruction by chronic inflammatory periodontal disease as two aspect. One is qualitive aspect such as alteration of periodontium, the other is quantitative aspect such as alveolar bone loss. According to many authors, PDL is responsible for biting force, and there are two means for measuring PDL's function - mobility test and biting force test. This study was conducted to compare the biting force with remaining bone level, that is, quantitative aspect of periodontium, in anterior and premolar teeth at periodontal maintenance phase. 17 patients on periodontal maintenance phase during 6 months at minimum were selected for this study. For the same condition, 4 anterior, canine, premolar teeth were tested by MPM-3000 bite-force register at the same time(a.m.10-12), the same position, the same posture, by the same examiner. Patients of TMD, ill-fitting prosthesis, general disease, malocclusion and the teeth of TFO, absence of opposing teeth, malposition were excluded. Remaining bone level was measured on the panorama X-ray film through 5 level from 1mm below CEJ to root apex. Teeth were examined twice, and bigger one was selected. If the values showed large difference, examinatin was re-done and the mean was selected. The results were as follows ; 1. In the 4 anterior group, as the remaining bone is decreased, the average of maximal biting force is decreased. Especially, at 3/5 bone level, maximal biting force is decreased significantly(p<0.01). 2. In the canine group, as the remaining bone is decreased, the average of maximal biting force is decreased. Especially, at 2/5 bone level, maximal biting force is decreased significantly(p<0.01). 3. In the premolar group, as the remaining bone is decreased, the average of maximal biting force is decreased. Especially, at 3/5 bone level, maximal biting force is decreased significantly(p<0.05). From the results of this study, clinicians could utilize these efficiently when they have to determine the proper restorative materials, time for tooth extraction. treatment plan, prognosis.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Bicuspid* ; Bite Force* ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontium ; Posture ; Prognosis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Tooth Cervix ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth* ; X-Ray Film

The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of dehiscence bone defect on peri-implant and to compare the difference between resorbable membrane and non-resorbable membrane in bone regeneration on peri-implant. Amomg the patients, 22 patientswho have recieved an implant surgery at the department of Periodontics in Dankook University Dental Hospital showed implant exposure due to the dehiscence defect and 27 implants of these 22 patients were the target of the treatment. Gore-Tex(R) and Bio-mesh(R) were applied to the patients and treated them with antibiotics for five days both preoperatively and postoperatively. Reentry period was 26 weeks on average in maxilla and 14 weeks on average in mandible. The results were as follows: 1. Dehiscence bone defect frequently appeared in premolar in mandible and anterior teeth in maxilla respectively. 2. Among 27 cases, 2 membrane exposures were observed and in these two cases, regenerated area was decreased. 3. In non-resorbable membrane, bone surface area 9.25+/-4.84 preoperatively and significantly increased to 11.48+/-7.52 postoperatively.(P<0.05) 4. In resorbable membrane, bone surface area was 14.80+/-8.25 preoperatively and meaningfully widened to 17.61+/-10.67 postoperatively.(P<0.05) 5. The increase of bone surface area in non-resorbable membrane was 2.23+/-3.38 and the increase of bone surface area in resorbable membrane was 2.80+/-3.00 ;therefore, there was no significant difference between these two membranes(P<0.05). This study implies that the surgical method using DFDB and membrane on peri-implant bone defect is effective in bone regeneration regardless the kind of the membrane, and a similar result was shown when a resorbable membrane was used.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bicuspid ; Bone Regeneration* ; Humans ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Membranes* ; Periodontics ; Tooth

A 61-year-old woman with a left cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula presented with left 6th nerve palsy. Initial brain MRI showed findings consistent with left-sided pontine infarction. Follow-up MRIs revealed an enlarged pontine lesion, and additional lesions in the right hippocampus, both basal ganglia and centrum semiovale mimicking a brain tumor or a demyelinating disease. We suggest that the MRI lesions are venous congestions caused by the shunting of blood flow from the left carotid artery into the venous system. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(5):520~525, 2001)
Abducens Nerve Diseases ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Carotid Arteries ; Cavernous Sinus* ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations* ; Cerebrum* ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Hyperemia* ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Pons*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of graded (adjustable intraoperatively) partial vertical rectus muscle tenotomy at the insertion in correcting small degrees of hypertropia. METHODS: All patients with best corrected visual acuity of better than 6/30 in both eyes who had undergone only partial tenotomy of vertical rectus muscle(s) over a 30-month period were included. Improvement was evaluated 6 weeks postoperatively as the change in alignment in prism diopters (PD) in primary gaze and in the field of action of the affected rectus muscle(s). Binocular function was evaluated by Titmus stereoacuity and the Worth 4-light tests. RESULTS: All 24 patients who met the inclusion criteria had diplopia preoperatively, and this had resolved in 17 (71%) postoperatively (P<0.005). Prisms were used by 6 preoperatively vs. 2 postoperatively (P<0.05). The average vertical deviation in primary gaze decreased from 8 PD to 2 PD (P<0.005). In the field of action of the treated rectus muscle, hypertropia decreased from an average of 8 PD to 3 PD (P<0.005). For the available pre- and post-operative assessments, stereoacuity improved after 10 of the 18 (56%) procedures and Worth 4-light testing showed improvement or maintenance of fusion after 13 of 19 procedures (68%). CONCLUSIONS: Graded vertical rectus partial tenotomy can effectively reduce small degrees of hypertropia and associated diplopia, improve binocular function, and reduce or eliminate the need for prism correction.
Diplopia ; Humans ; Muscles* ; Strabismus* ; Telescopes ; Tenotomy* ; Visual Acuity

Hyperreflexic bladder is a disease manifested in patients with spinal cord lesions above the sacral segment. The treatments for hyperreflexic bladder are medical therapy, interruption of innervation, argumentation cystoplasty, etc. We treated four hyperreflexic bladder patients with 12% a phenol injection into the subarachnoid space for sacral nerve block. Before treatment the average bladder capacity was about 100 ml, and there was one case of autonomic dysreflexia. After the subarachnoid block the average bladder capacity increased above 300 ml and maximal intravesical pressure decreased below 30cmH2O, autonomic dysreflexia disappeared in one patient. The decreased bladder compliance after nerve block was managed by repetitive bladder overdistention. We suggest that subarachnoid block is easier and more effective than sacral nerve block individually, and is a treatment for hyperreflexic bladder refractory to medical therapy.
Autonomic Dysreflexia ; Compliance ; Humans ; Nerve Block ; Phenol ; Spinal Cord ; Subarachnoid Space ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Radiosurgery*