The blow-out fracture can be reconstructed by various autogeneous and alloplastic material. Particulate, nonresorbable hydroxyapatite is currently one of the choice of implant material available for reconstruction of blow-out fracture. Hydroxyapatite is radiopaque ceramic, physically and chemically similar to enamel and cortical bone. It is a biomaterial derived from natural corals to use as a bone graft substitute. And we looked into the clinical usefulness of 2 type of hydroxyapatite with their advantages and disadvantages in reconstruction of blow-out fracture. 183 patients with blow-out fracture who underwent surgical reconstruction with two types of hydroxyapatite from March 1933 to July 1977 have been analyzed the results of surgical reconstructions, and have been followed up for more than a year. And the condition of formerly inserted hydroxyapatite was observed in the patients who needed 2nd surgical reconstruction due to the enophthalmos. The disadvantages of hydroxyapatite are fragility, size and contour limitations. In spite of these demerits, hydroxyapatite can be one of the prospective materials to reconstruct orbital floor. Through the clinical experiences for 5 years, we have not found any of complications of exposure, infection, and foreign body reaction. Low rates of diplopia, limitation of ocular movement, and enophtalmos was observed. Hydroxyapatite was well adherent to adjacent orbital bone in most patients who needed secondary reconstruction for enopthalmos. In conclusion, our study shows that the availability of hydroxyapattite in reconstruction of blow-out fracture is recommendable, with low complication rates. Hydroxyapatite important appears to be well tolerated, and provides useful alloplastic prosthesis with few problems in reconstruction of blow-out fracture.
Anthozoa ; Ceramics ; Dental Enamel ; Diplopia ; Durapatite* ; Enophthalmos ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Humans ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Transplants

Reconstruction of partial ear defect to approximate the opposite normal ear is actually very difficult. Because the patterns of partial ear defect (site, shape and size of defect) are extremely variable, the operative method on each case should be changed. In an effort to overcome these problems, many reconstructive methods have been reported so far. We experienced 11 cases of partial ear defect from September, 1995 to August, 1996 and different reconstructive methods were applied In this study, the most common cause of partial ear defect was trauma (9 cases) and the most common site was middle part of ear helix. The defects were varying from 1x2 cm to 1.5x5 cm in size. The methods that has been used for reconstruction of ear defect include direct closure, helical chondrocutaneous advancement flap, Dieffenbach's method, retroauricular flap, tubed bipedicled flap and so on. We could get to know the merits and demerits of each method through this follow up study. So authors obtained the several basic conclusions about the merits and demerits of each method and standard of method selection in various patterns of ear defects. From analysis of the cases with review of literature, the our conclusions are as follows. 1. If the size of de(tract is small and the patient does not want to have two times of operation, direct closure can be done with good results. 2. If the defect exists on ear auricle confuted to helix and if there are no or small amount of associated cartilage defect, tubued bipedicled flap seems to be proper. 3. With the ear auricle defect confined to helix, especially helix of upper ear auricle, helical chondrocutaneous advancement flap can brought tile best result, though it has disadvantage of being decreased in its size 4. If there are extensive defect on ear auricle extending over scapha and antihelix, retroauricular flap can be done with good results. 5. In the ear auricle defect acompanying considerably large cartilage loss, Dieffenbach's method is thought to be proper.
Cartilage ; Ear Auricle ; Ear* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

No abstract available.
Femur Neck* ; Fractures, Stress*

No abstract available.
Ear* ; Replantation*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Epithelium* ; Humans* ; Insulin*

No abstract available.
Peristalsis*

No abstract available.
Mediastinitis*

The anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) is one of the most important structure for maintenance of the sta- bility of the knee joint. Chronic instability as a result of insufficiency can lead to functional disability, pain, meniscal tears, and degenerative change in articular cartilage. The incidence of injuries of this liga- ment is increasing tendency due to development of vehicle system, industrial system and sports activities. Different authors have recommended both operative and nonoperative treatment for anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Variable methods for functional recovery of anterior cruciate ligament were introduced and argued about ideal method. As arthroscopic techniques improve, surgeons are more inclined to rec- ommend surgical treatment. The methods of repair of acute rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament through the arthrotomy tech- nique have been used widely, but the arthroscopic repair is a relatively new technique. This arthroscopic technique is idealy applicable for rupture at femoral and tibial attachment site. A arthroscopic repair of anterior cruciate ligament was performed with use of the arthroscopy, in 15 consecutive, selected anterior cruciate ligaments that were ruptured at femoral or tibial attachment site, and within 2 weeks after injury. The 15 patients were followed for a minimum of one year(mean, eighteen months; maximum, thirty-eight months). The mean age of the 15 patients at the operation was thirty years(range, seventeen to forty-eight years). The results of arthroscopic repair of anterior cruciate ligament in 15 cases were satisfactory, and as fol- lows. l. All of the 15 cases, the laxity of repaired anterior cruciate ligaments were decreased. 2. The average Lysholm Knee Score Scale was increased from 16 points preoperatively to 89 points postoperatively. Five of the patients(33%) were rated as excellent, and ten patients(67%) were rated as good. 3. The range of motion of the repaired knee joints were from Oo to 135o that results were achieved at postoperative 6 months.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Arthroscopy ; Cartilage, Articular ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rupture* ; Sports

Objective: We investigated whether circle of Willis (COW) morphology on 3D time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography differs between young normal subjects, older normal subjects, and patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Methods: One hundred seventy-seven subjects were grouped according to age into a young group (20 – 40 years; n = 91) and an older group (> 60 years; n = 86). Subjects underwent brain MR examination as part of a health check-up. Fifty-three patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque were also included for evaluation in this study. COW morphology on 3D TOF MR angiography was analyzed in terms of completeness or incompleteness of the anterior and posterior components of the circle and completeness of the circle. Results: An incomplete pattern of anterior circulation was significantly more common in carotid atherosclerotic plaque patients (20.7%) than normal older subjects (5.5%) (p < 0.01). A complete posterior circulation pattern was more frequent in normal young subjects (46.5%) than in normal older subjects (16.5%) or the patient group (18.9%) (p < 0.01). Of patients with carotid artery stenosis, 18.9% had a bilateral incomplete connection and were significantly more likely to have an incomplete pattern than normal young (2.3%) or normal older subjects (2.2%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Young, healthy subjects were significantly more likely to have a complete pattern of posterior circulation than older subjects. Patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques were significantly more likely to have incomplete anterior circulation and an incomplete circle than young, normal subjects.
Circle of Willis