The discovery of a breast lump is one of the most anxiety-provoking occurrences in a woman's life. The initial purpose of a surgical consultation is to determine whether a true mass exists. The majority of breast masses are self-discovered or are identified by a primary care provider. Once a breast mass has been identified, the first determination to be made is whether it is benign or malignant by using breast imaging techniques or pathologic examination. Once a breast lesion has been shown to be benign on pathologic examination, the most improtant clinical consideration is the risk of subsequent breast cancer associated with that lesion. The diagnosis of a fibroadenoma can be made using excisional biopsy or the combined modalities of CBE, ultrasound, and FNA. A true intraductal papilloma develops in one of the major subareolar ducts and is the most common lesion causing a serous or serosanguinous discharge. A mass may be felt on examination in as many as one-third of cases. The treatment of choice is microdochectomy. Hamartomas can produce a classic mammographic image that is virtually diagnostic. Because the clinical and radiologic characteristics of fat necrosis resemble those of carcimoma in the majority of cases, a needle localization or excisional biopsy is required.
Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Fat Necrosis ; Fibroadenoma ; Hamartoma ; Needles ; Papilloma, Intraductal ; Primary Health Care ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Periodicals/*statistics & numerical data ; Nursing Research/*statistics & numerical data ; Korea ; *Bibliometrics

No abstract available.
Halitosis*

No abstract available.
Halitosis*

Evaluation of several antihypertensive regimens involving reserpine, hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrex(R)) and clonidine (Catapres(R)) was conducted on 230 subjects with mild to severe hypertension. Chlordiaxepoxide (Librium(R)) which is a sedative was also administered to observe the effect in patients with mild labile hypertension. The results obtained were as follows; 1. All five regimens of chlordiazepoxide, reserpine, hydrochlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide plus reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide plus clonidine produced a significant decrease in average mean arterial pressure (systolic+diastolicc pressure/2) compared to control values (p<0.01). 2. Hydrochlorothiazide plus clonidine was the most effective pressure lowering regimen, resulting in an average fall of 39.3 mmHg in average mean arterial pressure and obtaining excellent result in 28.6% of the cases. 3. The order in the pressure lowering effect was hydrochlorothiazide plus clonidine, hydrochlorothiazide plus reserpine, hydrochlorothiazide, reserpine, and chlordiazide 4. There was no significant difference between hydrochlorothiazide plus clonidine and hydrochlorothiazide plus reserpine (p>0.1). 5. More reduction in diastolic pressure than systolic was observed with hydrochlorothiazide plus clonidine. 6. The results of hydrochlorothiazide alone, hydrochlorothiazide-reserpine and hydrochlorothaizide-clonidine were better than those of chlordiazepoxide and reserpine alone in patients with fundoscopic findings of Keith-Wagener Grade II. 7. There was difference in pressure lowering effect with hydrochlorothiazide plus clonidine between the group with and without albuminuria. 8. Hydrochlorothiazide plus clonidine were extremely effective in patients with severe hypertension, hydrochlorothiazide plus reserpine in patients with moderately severe hypertension, and reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide alone in patients with mild hypertension.
Albuminuria ; Antihypertensive Agents* ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Clonidine ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide ; Hypertension ; Reserpine

No abstract available.
Anemia* ; Chromatids* ; Humans ; Siblings*

Tumor angiogenesis has been found to have prognostic significance in many tumor types for predicting an increased risk of metastasis. We assessed tumor vascularity in 28 cases of borderline malignancy and 71 cases of carcinoma of the ovary which had been resected and diagnosed, using the highly specific endothelial cell marker CD34. The numbers of microvessels were counted in 200 magnification in three highly vascularised areas. The numbers of microvessels in carcinomas were higher than that in the borderline malignancy of serous and mucinous tumors. The number of microvessels of mucinous carcinomas was significantly higher than that of serous carcinomas. There were neither significant differences in the number of microvessels according to histological tumor types (p=0.075) nor significant differences in the number of microvessels according to FIGO stages (p=0.072). But in serous carcinomas, the number of microvessels was higher in the FIGO III-IV stage than in the FIGO I-II stage (p=0.017). This study showed higher neovascularization in malignant tumor than borderline malignancy, and in the advanced stage (FIGO III-IV) than less advanced stage (FIGO I-II) of serous carcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Microvessels ; Mucins ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovary

PURPOSE: Platinum coordination complex (cisplatin) has been currently used as one of the most effective compound in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, its use has been limited by severe side effects such as renal toxicity. Our platinum-based drug discovery program has been aimed at developing drugs capable of diminishing toxicity and selective cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A new series of highly water soluble platinum (II) complexes Pt (II) [1,3-Bis (phenylthio) propane) (trans-l-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) (PC-1) and Pt (II) [1,3-Bis-(phenylthio) (propane)]-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (PC-2) were synthesized and characterized by their elemental analysis and by various spectroscopic techniques [infrared (.IR), ""C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)]. In vitro antitumor activity and nephrotoxi -cities of new Pt (II) complexes were tested against MKN-45 human gastric cancer cell- lines and normal kidney cells using colorimetric MTT[3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay for cell survival and proliferation. RESULTS: PC-1 showed activity against MKN-45/P and MKN-45/CDDP human gastric adenocarcinoma cells, and the antitumor activity of this compound was comparable or superior to that of PC-2 and cisplatin. The nephrotoxicity of PC-1 and PC-2 were found quite less than that of cisplatin using MTT, [H] thymidine uptake and glucose consumption tests in rabbit proximal tubule cells, human kidney cortical cells and human renal cortical tissues. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, this novel platinum (II) complex compound (PC-1) represent a valuable lead in the development of a new anticancer chemotherapeutic agent capable of improving antitumor activity and low nephrotoxicity.
Adenocarcinoma ; Cell Survival ; Cisplatin ; Drug Discovery ; Glucose ; Humans* ; Kidney* ; Platinum ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Thymidine

The present study evaluates the type, frequency and location of basal cell epithelioma, as well as the age and sex distribution of patients and the recurrence rate of basal cell epithelioma. In this study 116 patients, who visited Severance hospital during the last 15 years from Jan. 1, 1967 to Dec. 31, 1981 and were diagnosed histopathologically as having basal cell epithelioma, were analysed. (countinued..)
Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Sex Distribution

In the fractures and dislocations of the carpus, prompt and accurate diagnosis is the prime prerequisite for restoring function to this most complicated joint in the body. And then, early precise reduction and continuous maintenance of the reduced position until ligamentous and bone healing is complete provide the best chance of achieving a satisfactory restoration of function. We analysed forty five cases of fractures and dislocations of the carpus which were treated for 5 years from Jan. 1984 to Dec. 1988 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University. The following results were obtained; l. Of the total 45 injuries, scaphoid fractures were seen in 32(71.1%), other carpal bone fractures except scaphoid in 13 patients(28.9%), and carpal bone dislocation and fracture- dislocations in 11 patients(24.4%). 2. Carpal scaphoid fracture 1) 19 of the 32 patients(59.4%) had an associated ipsilateral upper extremity injury. 2) This fracture was common in the young male. 3) A union rate(95.6%) was achieved using a usual conservative treatment for undisplaced racture(14), operative treatment for displaced(18). 4) The mean time to radiological union for all fractures was 11.1 weeks. Old fracture by SotoHall classification took the longest time to union(18.2 weeks), subacute fracture 13 weeks, and acute fracture 9 weeks. 5) 10 cases were treated for nonunion, 5 of 10 nonunions were classified as type (50%). 2 cases showed ultimately nonunion in spite of various sorts of treatment, which belonged to waist fracture. 3. Other carpal bone fractures except scaphoid were seen in 13(15 bones) of 45 injuries, and pisiform(4) and triquetrum(4) fractures were common. 4. Carpal dislocation and fracture-dislocations were seen in 11 of the 45 injuries and dorsal transscaphoid perilunate dislocations(4) were common. These were treated by C.R. and cast immobilization or O.R. and K-wire fixation relatively good results were obtained.
Carpal Bones ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Upper Extremity