Background: In traditional medicine, diseases are generally classified into two categories: hot and cold. It is particularly emphasized to first identify diseases with a hot nature. Within this framework, we considered it important from both theoretical and clinical perspectives to study latent kidney heat disease, which is difficult to diagnose, prone to misdiagnosis, capable of exacerbating in both hot and cold directions, and requires multi-stage treatment. Aim: To analyze the principles of treating latent kidney heat disease and medicinal treatments by comparing traditional medical sources, their explanations, and the works of scholars. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by examining relevant chapters from The Four Foundations of Medicine, its commentaries, and six scholarly works on the treatment of latent kidney heat disease. The methodology involved textual hermeneutics, comparative analysis, and critical synthesis. Results: The original texts studied outline a three-stage treatment principle for latent kidney heat disease, described metaphorically as follows: 1. Initially, place the thief into the hole. 2. In the middle stage, release the smoke through the chimney. 3. Finally, eliminate the remaining heat with water. These deep-rooted treatment principles indicate that traditional medicine has long recognized and effectively treated this disease within its theoretical and methodological framework. The primary sources examined documented a total of 33 medicinal formulations for treating latent kidney heat disease, categorized as follows: 5 decoctions (tan), 26 pulvis formulations (takh), 2 oil-based remedies (toson em). This variety of treatment options highlights the richness and adaptability of traditional medicine in addressing this condition. These medicines are applied according to the three treatment principles of the disease. First, to remove the phlegm and wind covering, Jugandejid and Semberuu-4 are used. For releasing smoke through the chimney, decoction-type (tan) medicines are chosen, while pulvis-type (takh) medicines are prescribed based on the upper, middle, and lower intensities of the disease. This precise alignment of medicine selection resembles a key fitting into a lock. A unique characteristic of traditional medicine is the use of oil-based remedies (toson em) at the final stage of treatment to restore the body and balance the dual forces (yin-yang). Comparing the primary sources used in this study, we find that the principles of treating latent kidney heat disease and the selection of appropriate medicines follow the FMT (The Four Medical Tantras) text while incorporating additional refinements. Conclusions 1. A comparative analysis of medicinal treatments reveals that the medicines are prescribed in accordance with the three treatment principles, with their forms and compositions clearly specified. 2. Furthermore, the classification of medicines based on their strength and application to different disease intensities highlights a refined and well-structured standard treatment method.