No abstract available.

Choriocarcinoma associated with a normal pregnancy is rare. Futhermore, choriocarcinoma coexistent with a viable pregnancy is even rarer and associated with a greater risk of hepatic and cerebral involvement. So timely diagnosis of the disease is important for successful treatment and aggressive diagnostic procedures may therefore warranted. The patient should be treated with primary intensive combination chemotherapy(EMA-CO) and the selective use of irradiation and surgical therapy. We experienced a case of metastatic choriocarcinoma of lung and kidney following preterm delivery at 34th week of pregnancy and so present it with brief review of literature.
Choriocarcinoma* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lung ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy*

Constipation is one of the most common symptoms that a child visits pediatrician. The general approach to the child with functional constipation includes the following steps; disimpaction, maintenance and withdrawal of medication. There are many drugs which can be applied to children; osmotic agents (lactulose, sorbitol, magnesium hydroxide/citrate, polyethylene glycol with/without electrolytes, sodium phosphate, glycerin), stimulants (senna, bisacodyl, caster oil), lubricant (mineral oil), bulking agent (psyllium, cellulose, glucomannan). At each stage of treatment, one or some of these drug can be applied to the purpose. The author tries to summarize recent studies on drugs for constipation in child, and finally introduces new dugs for constipation which is under investigation.
Bisacodyl ; Cellulose ; Child ; Constipation ; Electrolytes ; Humans ; Magnesium ; Phosphates ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Sodium ; Sorbitol

Constipation is one of the most common symptoms that a child visits pediatrician. The general approach to the child with functional constipation includes the following steps; disimpaction, maintenance and withdrawal of medication. There are many drugs which can be applied to children; osmotic agents (lactulose, sorbitol, magnesium hydroxide/citrate, polyethylene glycol with/without electrolytes, sodium phosphate, glycerin), stimulants (senna, bisacodyl, caster oil), lubricant (mineral oil), bulking agent (psyllium, cellulose, glucomannan). At each stage of treatment, one or some of these drug can be applied to the purpose. The author tries to summarize recent studies on drugs for constipation in child, and finally introduces new dugs for constipation which is under investigation.
Bisacodyl ; Cellulose ; Child ; Constipation ; Electrolytes ; Humans ; Magnesium ; Phosphates ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Sodium ; Sorbitol

Chronic constipation is a very common disease in children. Successful treatment of constipation can be achieved not only with medication but also with lifestyle changes, including a proper diet. Diets including fruits, fluids, and probiotics are good for constipation. Some dietary components are helpful for constipation, and some are harmful. In this study, we present diets related to constipation from the literature, and propose some perspectives regarding diets related to constipation.
Child ; Constipation* ; Diet* ; Fruit ; Humans ; Life Style ; Probiotics

Stem cell is characterized with self-renewal and mult-potency. Many pediatric gastrointestinal diseases have defect in enterocytes, enteric nervous system, and Interstitial cell of Cajal. Various kinds of stem cell could be applied to these diseases. Here, the author introduces stem cell for pediatric gastrointestinal diseases, particularly Hirschsprung disease.
Enteric Nervous System ; Enterocytes ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hirschsprung Disease ; Stem Cells

PURPOSE: To determine optimal maintenance dose and to evaluation the efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000) in children with chronic functional constipation. METHODS: This study enrolled 41 children with chronic functional constipation at the Konkuk university hospital August 2005, then June, 2007. Effective maintenance dose was designed as initial amount of PEG4000 that improved frequency, bowel movement, stool consistency for 2 months. Clinical outcome was analysed on the basis of defecation diary. Adverse effect was monitored clinically and biochemically. RESULTS: As a whole group effective maintenance dose of PEG4000 was 0.550.16 g/kg/day (0.25-0.86). With respect to age, 3-5 years (0.600.15), 6-8 years (0.570.16), 9-13 years (0.440.14) (P=0.024). With respect to body weight, <30 kg (0.620.14), 30 kg (0.410.10) (P=0.001). One child comlained apigastric soreness on medication. CONCLUSION: PEG4000 is effective and safe in children with chronic constipation. Initial maintenance dose of PEG4000 was 0.55 g/kg/day.
Body Weight ; Child* ; Constipation* ; Defecation ; Humans ; Polyethylene Glycols* ; Polyethylene*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of combined oral and enema therapy using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 with electrolyte solution for disimpaction in hospitalized children. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 28 children having functional constipation who received inpatient treatment between 2008 and 2016. The amount of oral PEG 3350 electrolyte solution administered was 50–70 mL/kg/d (PEG 3350, 3–4.1 g/kg/d), and an enema solution was administered 1–2 times a day as a single dose of 15–25 mL/kg (PEG 3350, 0.975–1.625 g/kg/d). A colon transit time (CTT) test based on the Metcalf protocol was performed in some patients. RESULTS: Administration of oral and enema doses of PEG 3350 electrolyte solution showed 2.1±0.3 times and 2.9±0.4 times, respectively. After disimpaction, the frequency of defecation increased from 2.2±0.3 per week to once a day (1.1±0.1 per day). The number of patients who complained of abdominal pain was reduced from 15 (53.6%) to 4 (14.3%). Before hospitalization, nine patients underwent a CTT test, and 5 of 9 patients (55.6%) were classified as belonging to a group showing abnormalities. And in some patients, mild adverse effects were noted. We examined electrolytes and osmolality before and after disimpaction in 16 of 28 patients, and no abnormalities were noted. CONCLUSION: In terms of therapeutic efficacy and safety, combined oral and enema therapy using high-dose PEG 3350 with electrolytes is considered superior to conventional oral monotherapy or combined oral and enema therapy on an outpatient basis.
Abdominal Pain ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Colon ; Constipation* ; Defecation ; Electrolytes ; Enema* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Osmolar Concentration ; Outpatients ; Polyethylene Glycols* ; Polyethylene* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of combined oral and enema therapy using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 with electrolyte solution for disimpaction in hospitalized children. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 28 children having functional constipation who received inpatient treatment between 2008 and 2016. The amount of oral PEG 3350 electrolyte solution administered was 50–70 mL/kg/d (PEG 3350, 3–4.1 g/kg/d), and an enema solution was administered 1–2 times a day as a single dose of 15–25 mL/kg (PEG 3350, 0.975–1.625 g/kg/d). A colon transit time (CTT) test based on the Metcalf protocol was performed in some patients. RESULTS: Administration of oral and enema doses of PEG 3350 electrolyte solution showed 2.1±0.3 times and 2.9±0.4 times, respectively. After disimpaction, the frequency of defecation increased from 2.2±0.3 per week to once a day (1.1±0.1 per day). The number of patients who complained of abdominal pain was reduced from 15 (53.6%) to 4 (14.3%). Before hospitalization, nine patients underwent a CTT test, and 5 of 9 patients (55.6%) were classified as belonging to a group showing abnormalities. And in some patients, mild adverse effects were noted. We examined electrolytes and osmolality before and after disimpaction in 16 of 28 patients, and no abnormalities were noted. CONCLUSION: In terms of therapeutic efficacy and safety, combined oral and enema therapy using high-dose PEG 3350 with electrolytes is considered superior to conventional oral monotherapy or combined oral and enema therapy on an outpatient basis.
Abdominal Pain ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Colon ; Constipation* ; Defecation ; Electrolytes ; Enema* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Osmolar Concentration ; Outpatients ; Polyethylene Glycols* ; Polyethylene* ; Retrospective Studies

Hyperacute liver failure from mushroom intoxication in children is rare and has a low survival rate. We report a case of hyperacute liver failure from mushroom intoxication in a 29-month-old boy. The patient ingested a mushroom about three days prior to presentation. He was admitted to the hospital with vomiting, abdominal pain, seizures, and hematemesis. During the hospitalization the patient developed hepatic encephalopathy (stage IV-a), and a coagulopathy. He recovered fully with specific medication, Penicillin GK and N-acetylcysteine.
Abdominal Pain ; Acetylcysteine ; Agaricales ; Child ; Hematemesis ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Failure ; Penicillins ; Preschool Child ; Seizures ; Survival Rate ; Vomiting