No abstract available.
Classification* ; Lung Diseases*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lung Diseases*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lung Diseases*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe hospital nurses' knowledge and beliefs about hand hygiene and to identify the relationships between knowledge and beliefs. METHODS: Data were collected from 232 nurses working in four university hospitals and were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score of knowledge of hand hygiene was 8.1. The mean scores of behavioral, normative, and control belief about hand hygiene were 2.3, 2.5, and -0.7, respectively. Knowledge was correlated with educational level (p=.013) and experience of hand hygiene campaign (p=.018). The behavioral belief was correlated with age (p<.001) and career (p=.002). The normative belief was correlated with work department (p=.007). The control belief was correlated with educational level (p=.043) and experience of being monitored on hand hygiene (p=.010). The subjects who believed that head nurses, charge nurses, and colleagues practiced better hand hygiene had higher behavioral and normative belief scores than those who did not. There were no significant relationships between knowledge and beliefs. CONCLUSION: There is a need to improve knowledge of hand hygiene in hospital nurses. This study provides information for developing strategies to strengthen beliefs about hand hygiene.
Hand ; Hand Hygiene ; Hospitals, University ; Infection Control ; Nursing, Supervisory

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is one of the principal inducers of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of IL-18 on the expression of chemokine IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA in C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophages was studied by using Northern blot analysis, enzyme linked immunosobent assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS: IL-18 was determined to exert no direct effect on the expression of IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA. However, IL-18 pretreatment was determined to play a cooperative role in the synergistic induction of LPS-induced IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA expression. The effect associated with IL-18 pretreatment with regard to the synergistic induction of LPS-induced IP-10 (CXCL10) mRNA expression was detected after 16 hr of IL-18 pretreatment, administered prior to LPS stimulation. The pattern of NF-kB binding activity during IL-18 pretreatment with LPS stimulation was found to coincide with the expression of IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA. CONCLUSION: Although IL-18 alone exerts no direct effect on the expression of chemokine IP-10(CXCL10), a definite period of IL-18 pretreatment induces the synergistic expression of LPS-induced IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA. NF-kB activation is a component of this synergistic effect of IL-18 pretreatment. These results provide useful information, which may facilitate the elucidation of the action mechanisms underlying IL-18 effect on the expression of IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA.
Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-18* ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; RNA, Messenger* ; Up-Regulation*

We herein describe two cases of sudoriparous angioma consisting of increased number of eccrine sweat glands associated with angiomatous vascular channels. Case 1 is a 16 year-old girl developing two, painful and tender cavernous hemangiomas which sweated whenever compressed. These were located on her left gluteal area since early childhood. The biopsy specimen revealed an increased number of cystically dilated eccrine glands in the mid-dermis in addition to vascular components in the lower dermis. Case 2 is a five year-old girl manifesting non-tender, slightly hyperhidrotic nevus flammeus-like eruption on her left suprapopliteal area since birth, the biapsy apecimen of which revealed an increased number of eccrine glands admixed with capillary hemangioma in the mid-dermis.
Adolescent ; Biopsy ; Dermis ; Eccrine Glands ; Female ; Hemangioma* ; Hemangioma, Capillary ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Humans ; Nevus ; Parturition ; Sweat ; Sweat Glands

Keratinizing desquamative squamous metaplasia of the transitional epithelium occurs rarely in the upper urinary tract, especially in the ureter. It is associated in most cases with long-standing chronic inflammation but the exact pathogenesis is unknown, and the relationship to cancer has continued to be controversial. More cases should be accumulated for a better assessmnt of this lesion. Recently, we experienced a case of keratinizing desquamative squamous metaplasia in the renal pelvis, adjacent calyces and ureter following acute and chronic pyelonephritis. Herein, we are presenting our case with a review of literatures.

This study was carried out to demonstrate the mode of ADR-induced cell death(apoptosis) on the light and electron microscopic features, to measure the apoptotic index dependent on various doses of ADR, to investigate the possible mechanism of apoptosis induced by ADR, and to evaluate ISNT method for the detection of DNA strand break. HeLa cells were treated with various doses of ADR 0.1~100.0 microgram/ml and observed under the light and transmission electron microscopes at 6 hours, 1 day and 3 days after ADR treatment. In addition, DNA strand breaks induced by ADR were detected in HeLa cells using the in situ nick translation(ISNT) method. The results were as follows: 1) The cell viability of HeLa cells decreased and the apoptotic index increased following exposure to ADR in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in about 44% of apoptotic index at 100.0 microgram/ml of ADR treatment. 2) Light microscopically, HeLa cells treated with ADR showed shrinkage or condensation of nucleus and cytoplasm. There were various unclear changes showing irregular, large, delineated masses of condensed chromatin abutting on the nuclear envelopes. Later stage of apoptosis revealed contracted and condensed cytoplasm with irregular cell membrane. Electron microscopically, margination of condensed chromatin, dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum under the plasma membrane, aggregation of cytoplasmic organelles with morphologically intact mitochondria, and irregular cell surface with blebbing were observed. 3) ISNT using biotinylated dUTP exhibited strong positive nuclear staining in HeLa cells treated with ADR. There was a marked response at 10.0~20.0 microgram/ml of ADR treatment. It is concluded from the above results that the death of HeLa cells induced by ADR was apoptotic in type based on light and electron microscopic appearance. The apoptotic index correlated with the increasing dose of ADR. ISNT with biotinylated dUTP led to visible evidence of DNA strand breaks following ADR treatment of HeLa cells. ISNT can be used for detection of DNA degradation, caused by activation of endogenous endonuclease, which is an early and specific characteristic of apoptosis.