Detailed mechanism of uterine cervical cancer progression still remains unclear. Altered programmed cell death (apoptosis) and cellular proliferation are associated with the development of neoplasia. The authors investigated the expressions of bcl-2, which inhibit apoptosis, and caspase-3, which is involved in the induction of apoptosis and has been considered to be correlated with apoptosis, and proliferating activity according to the degree of malignancy in the squamous neoplasia of the uterine cervix. Correlation between bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression and proliferating activity was done. The materials were low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL, n=15), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL, n=15), microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma (n=15), and squamous cell carcinoma (n=15). Immunohistochemical stainings for bcl-2, caspase-3, and MIB-1 were done. bcl-2 and MIB-1 expressions were progressively increased in accordance with the increasing degree of malignancy, but caspase-3 immunoreactivity was higher in LSIL than invasive cancers. There was an inverse relationship between bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. No significant correlation between MIB-1, bcl-2, and caspase-3 expressions was observed. These results suggest that an inhibition of apoptosis and the augmentation of proliferating activity of tumor cells might be separately involved in the development of the cervical squamous neoplasia.
Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Caspase 3* ; Cell Death ; Cell Proliferation ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

We investigated elementary school students' knowledge, behavior, experience and preference of education method related to food safety in order to provide basic information for food safety educational program. A survey study was conducted with 569, fourth and sixth grade students, from two schools in Seoul and Ulsan. Students were asked thirty-two questions regarding food safety knowledge, behavior and experiences as well as their attitude to food safety class and preference for teaching method. The data was analyzed for the frequency analysis, t-test, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation using the SPSS/Windows. Results indicated that 91.9 percent of the respondents did not know what unsanitary food is. 67 percent of the respondents did not know the proper method of hand washing. Although the students' level of knowledge and behavior associated with food safety was low, there was meaningful correlation(r =.184, p<.01) between knowledge and behavior. Surprisingly, students in higher grade did not demonstrate an exceeding food safety knowledge and behavior. More than 50 percent of the subjects did not have food safety education either at home or school. 60 percent of the respondents interested in food safety and the majority recognized that a food safety education is needed. Students want to learn about unsanitary food(34.1%), foodborne illness(29.7%), food selection and storage method(21.3%), and personal hygiene(11.2%) through game, role play, and practice in real situation. These results suggest that development of food safety education program is needed through the elementary school year and the education program must include fun activities in which students can participate.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education* ; Food Preferences ; Food Safety* ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Seoul ; Teaching ; Ulsan

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to evaluate the effects of intervention for CVD prevention in construction workers. METHODS: A total of 497 workers participated the health status survey and finally 90 workers were analyzed for evaluation of the intervention with the one-group pretest-posttest design. The data were collected from the questionnaires and health examinations in the healthcare service for road constructor's CVD prevention as secondary analysis. The intervention of the healthcare was composed of CVD prevention education for all workers and face to face counselling for the high risk group of CVD risk during 6 months in workplace. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, χ² test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and paired t-test. RESULTS: The moderate and high risk groups of CVD were 9.7% and 0.8%. After the intervention, the physical activity (MET-min/week) significantly increased (Z=-5.46, p<.001). But, there were no significant differences in blood pressure, fasting glucose, body mass index, and CVD risk appraisals between pre and post intervention. CONCLUSION: The findings imply that it is necessary to develop the health promotion program for construction workers which fully reflects the characteristics of individuals and the organization.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Health Promotion ; Motor Activity

No abstract available.
Pheochromocytoma* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Sepsis* ; Yersinia*

Advance in fiberoptic endoscopy have improved diagnostic capabilities and management in patients with gastric polyps and increased experience with endoscopic polypectomy offers the most simple and safe method in removal of gastric polyps. Sixty six endoscopic gastric polypectomies was performed in 59 patients who visited Chonnam National University Hospital from 1980 to 1989 The results obtained were as follows. 1) The most patients were in the seventh decade followed by fifth, fourth decade. The ratio of male to female was 1: 1.95. 2) The common clinical symptoms with which patients presented were epigastric discomfort (54. 2%), epigastric pain (44.1%), indigestion (16.9%), nausea and vomiting (13.6%) and hematemesis (3.4%). The associated diseases of gastric polyp were chronic superficial gastritis (28.8%), chronic atrophic gastritis (13.6%), benign gastric ulcer, gastric caecer, cancer of ampulla of Vater. 3) The number of patients with single gastric polyp wa 47 (79.7%), and that of multiple gastric polyps was 12 (20.3%). The most common location of gastric polyps was gastric antrum (66.6%) follawed by gastric body (27.3%) and gastric fundus (6.1%). 4) The removed polyps were mostly 1.0 cm to 2.0 cm in size and in the gross findings by Yamadas classification, type IV (48.5%) was most common. 5) Histogical examinations revealed that 49.6% of remoyed polyps were hyperplastic polys and 18. 7% of those were adenomatous polyps. Only one case of adenomatous polyp had contaied focally malignant change of mucosa. 6) Almost all cases were in the absenee of significant complications, but three patients showed bleeding at the site of polypectomy, which controlled by conservative means.
Adenomatous Polyps ; Ampulla of Vater ; Classification ; Dyspepsia ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Gastric Fundus ; Gastritis ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Nausea ; Polyps ; Pyloric Antrum ; Stomach Ulcer ; Vomiting

Granulocytic sarcoma.(chloroma) is a localized tumor mass composed of immature cells of the granulocytic series infiltrating an extramedullary site. The tumor may involve anywhere in the body, especially orbit, bone, epidural space and lymph node, but there is no case involved the esophagus. In a 34-year-old male presented with sudden anset of dysphagia, esophagoscopic examination revealed concentric narrowing of the esophageal lumen wirith alight granular mucosa in the midesophagus, which hiatologically proved to b a granulocytic sarcoma. Peripheral blood and bone marrow aspiration smears showed blastic crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia. After the systemic chemotherapy, dysphagia and mid-esophageal luminal narrowing disappeared completely.
Adult ; Bone Marrow ; Deglutition Disorders ; Drug Therapy ; Epidural Space ; Esophagus* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Orbit ; Phenobarbital ; Sarcoma, Myeloid

No abstract available.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections* ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses*

Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis, however, the prognostic value of neovascularization is undetermined. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in breast carcinomas. An immunohistochemical stains for CD 31 (DAKO) to estimate MVD and VEGF (Santa Cruz) were done on 40 cases of invasive breast carcinoma. MVD was calculated as an average count of vessels per 200 power field in the most vascularized areas. VEGF expression was interpreted according to staining intensity and number of positive cells. Mean MVD was 35, and MVD was not correlated with lymph node metastasis or histologic grade, but high MVD (mean MVD>35) showed an increasing tendency in cases with larger size, negative ER/PR, and positive cathepsin D. All of the cases showed VEGF expression, but VEGF expression was not correlated with tumor size, histologic grade, lymph node metastasis, ER/PR status, and cathepsin D expression. These results suggest that MVD and VEGF expressions are not reliable prognostic factors.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cathepsin D ; Coloring Agents ; Lymph Nodes ; Microvessels* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

PURPOSE: To describe the sonographic findings of inguinal herniation of the ovary. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five girls aged 1-12 (mean, 4.7) months with a groin mass underwent sonographic examination, and in seven of the 45, inguinal herniation of the ovary was detected, and confirmed at surgery. Gray-scale and color Doppler sonographic examinations were performed to evaluate the size, echo pattern, and blood flow of the mass. Sonography of the pelvis and contralateral groin was also performed. RESULTS: In all seven cases, sonography revealed an oval-shaped complex mass 15-25 mm in maximal diameter and composed of heterogeneous hypoechoic portions and one to seven small internal cysts, each 2-9 mm in diameter. Blood flow was observed in all cases, though was subtly decreased in one. In two there was associated herniation of the salpinx, and in two others, incarceration. In four, contralateral inguinal hernia was present. CONCLUSION: Sonographic findings of an oval-shaped heterogeneous hypoechoic mass with internal small cysts, present in the groin, indicate inguinal herniation of the ovary.
Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Groin ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Ovary* ; Pelvis ; Ultrasonography*