BACKGROUND: Social support is defined as interpersonal transaction ; the giving of symbolic or material aid to another. It has been shown to have both buffering effects and direct beneficial effects on diverse health related outcomes. But there has been the dearth of well-validated measurement instruments. This article describes the development of Korean version of the Duke-UNC functional social support questionnaire(DUFSS), focusing on the aspect of social support. METHODS: The 13-item, self-administered questionnaire was translated to Korean language. It was evaluated on 177 patients attending the family medicine clinic of Seoul National University Hospital during one month(November, 1996.) Comparisons to the family APGAR, COOP/ WONCA functional status chart are made to assess validity. Factor analyses are performed. Correlation of the questionnire score with the sum of family APGAR and each items of COOP/ WONCA functional chart are measured Internal consistency are evaluated. RESULTS: The questionnaire score are correlated with significantly correlated with social activity item. The total Cronbachs alpha is calculated as 0.89. The four content areas developed by factor analyses are donfidant support(items 8, 9, 10), af fective support(items 4, 5, 6, 7), instrumental support(items 3, 12) and quantity of support(item 1). These shows similarity to American study results. CONCLUSIONS: The Korean version of the Duke-UNC functional social support questionnaire has been documented as having high reliability and moderate validity. It covers two dimensions well(confidant support, affective support) with a small enough number of questions. Instrumental support may need further study.
Humans ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: It has been reported that neovascularization of the optic disc (NVD) occurs in ocular ischemic syndrome, sickle cell hemoglobinopathy, ocular sarcoidosis, Eales' disease, and central retinal artery occlusion. However, NVD in acute ophthalmic artery occlusion had not been reported. Therefore, we report one unusual case of NVD in acute ophthalmic artery obstruction. METHODS: A 56 year-old man with complaint of abrupt decrease of visual acuity and periorbital discomfort underwent medical history taking, periorbital examination, fundus examination, and fluorescein angiography. He was followed up for 5 months RESULTS: Fundus examination showed segmentation of blood flow and diffuse retinal whitish opacity on the posterior pole around the center of the macula, without any cherry red spots in the perifoveal area. Fluorescein angiography showed a marked filling delay in the nasal retinal and choroidal circulations with a definite watershed zone involving the peripapillary choroid and macula. The retinal arteries filling and arteriovenous transit time were delayed. There was no light-perception vision and low intraocular pressure. Diabetes was found on systemic examination. Five weeks later, NVD and choroidal atrophy around the optic disc were detected. Panretinal photocoagulation was performed for the regression of NVD. NVD was regressed, but recurred.
Atrophy ; Choroid ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Hemoglobinopathies ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Light Coagulation ; Medical History Taking ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmic Artery* ; Prunus ; Retinal Artery ; Retinal Artery Occlusion ; Retinaldehyde ; Sarcoidosis ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Humerus*

Parovarian cysts constitute 10% of adnexal masses. They were found in broad ligament and mostly arise from mesothelium and less commonly from paramesonephric element and rarely from mesonephric element. In most cases parovarian cysts were asymptomatic. So, they were found incidentally at surgery for other conditions. Torsion is infrequent and it is difficult to distinguish it from torsion of other adnexal masses, appendicitis, etc. Recently, we experienced a voluminous parovarian cyst undergoing torsion, 25 cm in diameter. The case is presented with a review of literature.
Appendicitis ; Broad Ligament ; Epithelium ; Female ; Parovarian Cyst*

Coronary artery fistula is an unusual anomaly in elderly patients that consists of a communication bet- ween one of the coronary arteries and other cardiac chambers or veins. It causes many cardiac compli- cations due to hemodynamic changes, and thus has recognized its clinical significance. It occurs usually in congenital origin, but also occurs secondarily in traumatic or neoplastic or artherosclerotic coronary diseases. Congenital coronary artery fistula is a very rare congenital anomaly that results in multiple hemodynamic complications. It has reported rarely in elderly patients, that induces myocardial ischemia due to coronary steal syndrome and heart failure that caused by diastolic volume overload via a left to left shunt. We observed a 68-year-old male patient with exertional chest pain and dyspnea, in whom selective coronary angiography revealed abnormal reticular communication between left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery and drained to left ventricle through multiple microfistulous channels. We report this patient case who complicated by myocardial ischemia and left ventricular failure those caused by hemodynamic complication due to multiple coronary artery-left ventricular fistulae.
Aged ; Arteries ; Cations ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Dyspnea ; Fistula ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Ventricles ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Veins

Coronary artery fistula is an unusual anomaly in elderly patients that consists of a communication bet- ween one of the coronary arteries and other cardiac chambers or veins. It causes many cardiac compli- cations due to hemodynamic changes, and thus has recognized its clinical significance. It occurs usually in congenital origin, but also occurs secondarily in traumatic or neoplastic or artherosclerotic coronary diseases. Congenital coronary artery fistula is a very rare congenital anomaly that results in multiple hemodynamic complications. It has reported rarely in elderly patients, that induces myocardial ischemia due to coronary steal syndrome and heart failure that caused by diastolic volume overload via a left to left shunt. We observed a 68-year-old male patient with exertional chest pain and dyspnea, in whom selective coronary angiography revealed abnormal reticular communication between left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery and drained to left ventricle through multiple microfistulous channels. We report this patient case who complicated by myocardial ischemia and left ventricular failure those caused by hemodynamic complication due to multiple coronary artery-left ventricular fistulae.
Aged ; Arteries ; Cations ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Dyspnea ; Fistula ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Ventricles ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Veins

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to identify discrepancies in oral health behaviors among communities in cities, counties, and districts (si , gun, and gu administrative divisions of South Korea) and to determine their correlations with socioeconomic status, examined in terms of the social deprivation index. METHODS: Data for 220,258 individuals, covering 247 communities, were extracted from a 2008 community health survey, and the frequency of brushing the teeth after lunch, flossing and interdental brushing was calculated and analyzed. Considering the characteristics of the data collected at individual and regional levels, a multilevel random-intercept logistic regression model was used for the analysis. RESULTS: A regional-level discrepancy was found in after-lunch brushing and the use of auxiliary oral hygiene items, with interclass correlations of 0.03 and 0.04, respectively. In particular, the odds ratio of using auxiliary oral hygiene items in the communities with the lowest socioeconomic status was as low as 0.49, compared to the highest level, thus demonstrating a conspicuous intercommunity difference. CONCLUSIONS: The regional-level correlation between socioeconomic status and oral health behaviors indicates the need for the establishment of oral health-related intervention policies based on community characteristics.
Health Surveys ; Logistic Models ; Lunch ; Multilevel Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Oral Health* ; Oral Hygiene ; Social Class ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Perfusion* ; Stroke Volume* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

No abstract available.
Perfusion* ; Stroke Volume* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of breast milk containing fortifier with preterm formula on bone mineral metabolism in premature infants, we evaluated the state of bone mineralization, biochemical alteration and the frequency of rickets during the first five months of life. METHODS: Fourteen fortified breast milk-fed infants and eleven preterm formula-fed infants who were born at Il-Sin Christian Hospital from August, 1996 through July, 1997, were studied. The breast milk-fed group received human milk fortifier. The intake of Ca, P, Mg, protein, and fat was calculated at one month of age. Birth weight and weight at one, two and five months of age were measured. Serum Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase and 25-hydroxyvitamine D were measured at one month of age, and the wrist received X-ray examinations monthly. Total body bone mineral content was measured by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar WI) at two and five months of age. RESULTS: The two groups were similar in birth weight, gestational age, and weight at one, two and five months of age. Enteral Ca, P, protein, Mg, and fat intake, and urinary excretion of Ca, P were similar among the two groups. Serum Ca, P, ALP and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were not different. Occurrence of rickets and bone mineral content were similar among the two groups. CONCLUSION: Fortified breast milk-fed infants and preterm formula-fed infants showed no difference in total body bone mineral content and occurrence of rickets. Ultimately, we could enhance the advantage of breast milk fed to premature infants by adding fortifier.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Birth Weight ; Bone Density ; Breast ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Gestational Age ; Humans* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Metabolism* ; Milk, Human* ; Rickets* ; Wrist