Lung cancer is one of the most common types of malignancy in western nations with serious health problem, and it has become the leading cause of cancer death of males, second only to stomach cancer, in Korea. A review of the histopathology of 1363 cases (1231 patients) of lung carcinoma, diagnosed at the Keimyung University Medical center from 1987 to 1996, was performed to reclassify the type of carcinomas and to investigate the change in the distribution of histologic types of lung carcinoma according to age, sex and year. Among the 1363 cases, 132 patients underwent a surgical operation after biopsy. The diagnosis of each case was proven by histopathologic analysis of surgical specimens (13.2%) and biopsy materials (86.8%). The histologic types in our study were basically based on modified WHO classification (1982) and on new WHO classification (1999). The classification of small cell carcinoma was based on International Association for the Small Cell Lung Cancer (IASLC, 1988). Of the 1231 patients with lung carcinoma, 1012 were male and 219 were female (male to female ratio was 3.6:1). According to the analysis of age distribution, the most prevalent age group was 60~69 years in both sex as (n=516, 42.0%). Changing trends in sex distribution of lung carcinoma patients showed that the proportion of men had decreased throughout the years, whereas the proportion of women had significantly increased. Histologically, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (n=624, 50.7%), followed by small cell carcinoma (21.1%), adenocarcinoma (18.1%), large cell undifferentiated carcinoma (2.1%), adenosquamous carcinoma (0.4%), and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (0.4%), in order of frequency. In men, squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent type (55.1%). In women, adenocarcinoma was the most frequent type (39.7%). In both sexes, adenocarcinoma was the most common type in patients under the age of 40 (n=12, 41.4%), while squamous cell carcinoma proved the most frequent type in patients over the age of 40 (n=617, 51.3%). Changing trends of histologic types of lung cancer showed that the incidences of squamous cell carcinoma had significantly decreased throughout the years, whereas those of adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma had increased. In conclusion, the results showing increases in the percentage of female patients and in the number of cases of adenocarcinoma were noteworthy, and well correlated with other related reports.
Academic Medical Centers ; Adenocarcinoma ; Age Distribution ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Male ; Sex Distribution ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Stomach Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Gastrectomy* ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Limited ischemic tolerance of the lung has remained one of the factors that limits the expansion of pulmonary transplantation as a treatment for end-stage pulmonary disease. Numerous studies on safe long term preservation for lung transplantation has been performed for the purpose of developing ideal preservation solution with extracellular type or intracellular type solutions. In this study, we examined the efficacy of LPDG solution in lung preservation longer than 20 hours by comparison with modified Euro-Collins solution. METHODS: Thirty-four adult mongrel dogs were divided into two groups. Donor lungs were flushed with LPDG solution(n=9) or modified Euro-Collins(MEC) solution(n=8) and stored for 24 hours at 10degrees C. All donor lungs were perfused through the pulmonary arteries with solutions containing prostaglandin E1 and verapamil. Left canine lung allotransplantations wereperformed. Assessment(hemodynamic indices and arterial blood gas analysis) of left implanted lung was made by occluding the right pulmonary artery for ten minutes using pulmonary artery Cuff. Assessment was repeated at the interval of 30 minutes, one hour, and two hours later after reperfusion and then chest X-ray, computed tomogram and lung perfusion scan were obtained. In survival dogs follow-up studies were done with assessment with chest X-ray, computed tomogram of the chest and lung perfusion scan on 7th day postoperatively. After preservation above 20 hours, pathological examinations for ultrastructural findings on right lung were performed in each group. RESULTS: With respect to arterial oxygen tension, LPDG group was superior to MEC but there was no statistical significance for 2 hours after reperfusion. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was less increased(p<0.05) and cardiac output higher(p<0.05) than MEC group until 2 hours after reperfusion. After 2 hours of reperfusion, both groups showed transplanted lung function deteriorated gradually. Perfusion scan of the transplanted lung in LPDG group showed better perfusion rate in immediate post-reperfusion, 3 days and 7 days later respectively but there was no statistical significance and corelation with PaO2 and computed tomographic views. In scanning electron microscopy of pulmonary artery after preservation, LPDG group relatively shows less irregular protrusion of the inner surface of endothelial cell of poulmonary artery than MEC group. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that LPDG solution can offer safe lung preservation above 20 hours with adequate immunosuppressive therapy and prevention of the infection.
Adult ; Alprostadil ; Animals ; Arteries ; Cardiac Output ; Dogs ; Endothelial Cells ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Lung Transplantation ; Lung* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Organ Preservation ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Artery ; Reperfusion ; Thorax ; Tissue Donors ; Verapamil

PURPOSE: Screening mammography is now a widely used procedure and as result, the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and clinicopathologic features of DCIS and to evaluated the difference of clinical characteristics between breast conserving surgery and mastectomy. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical record of 112 patients with DCIS, including those with microinvasion, who were treated at the Department of Surgery, Keimyung University Hospital from January 1992 to December 2005. RESULTS: The incidence of DCIS and microinvasive carcinoma was 8.0% of all the breast cancers. The most prevalent age was in the fifth decade and the mean age was 48.8 years old. An abnormality on routine health screening exams was the most common cause of detection. Preoperatively, the diagnostic methods were fine needle aspiration biopsy in 7.6%, core needle biopsy in 19.0%, needle localization open biopsy in 33.3% and excisional biopsy in 40.0%. The surgical procedures were modified radical mastectomy or simple mastectomy in 48.2% and a breast conservation procedure in 51.8%. The final surgical margin status showed a free margin in 83.0%, a close margin in 12.8%, and an involved margin in 4.3%. The hormonal receptor positive rate was 75.3% and the c-erbB-2 positive rate was 32.9%. The patient who received mastectomy had a larger tumor size, a more common presentation of microcalcification on MMG, a more frequent comedo type lesion and a lesser expression of hormonal receptor. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the c-erbB-2 expression. CONCLUSION: The widespread use of screening mammography will increase the chance to detect DCIS, and conservative surgery will be performed more frequently in a selected group of these patients.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mammography ; Mass Screening ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Mastectomy, Simple ; Needles

No abstract available.
Broad Ligament* ; Female ; Leiomyosarcoma*

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of stretch reflex threshold speed (SRTS) in biomechanical assesment of spasticity of hemiplegic patients. METHOD: Thirty-eight hemiplegic patients and twenty-seven control subjects were studied. The spasticity of ankle plantar flexor muscles were assessed both clinically and biomechanically. Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and Brunnstrom stage were used in clinical assessment. For biomechanical assessment, ankle plantar flexor muscles were stretched isokinetically while EMG signals were recorded simultaneously. SRTS was defined as a minimum angular velocity in which EMG signals evoked by stretch reflex were recorded. RESULTS: SRTSs of ankle plantar flexors were 128.1 47.1o/sec in control group, 163.7 79.7o/sec in intact legs, and 83.4 69.1o/sec in involved legs of hemiplegic group. STRS was significantly lower in involved legs of hemiplegic group than in intact legs of hemiplegic group and control group. Significant reverse correlation was observed between SRTS and MAS. There was significant difference in SRTS between MAS 0 group and other groups. The patients with Brunnstrom stage 3 and 4 groups showed decreased SRTS compared to the patients with other groups. CONCLUSION: SRTS is thought to reflect increased excitability of stretch reflex and seems to be one of useful parameters in quantitative assessment of spasticity.
Ankle ; Equidae ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Leg ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Muscles ; Reflex, Stretch*

No abstract available.
Extracorporeal Circulation* ; Heart* ; Potassium* ; Thoracic Surgery*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To compare the gray-scale and color or power Doppler ultrasonographic (US) features according to the histological subtypes of a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The gray-scale and color or power Doppler US features of 159 surgically confirmed PTC (classic type of PTC, 69; classic type of papillary microcarcinoma [PMC], 67; and follicular variant of PTC [FVPTC], 23) in 118 patients were analyzed retrospectively. The following US characteristics were evaluated: the type of vascularization, echogenicity, outline, ratio of anteroposterior/transverse (AP/T) diameters, as well as the presence or absence of halo signs, cystic changes, and microcalcification. RESULTS: The most common type of vascularization was penetrating or central (75.4%) for the classic type of PTC, avascular (56.7%) for PMC, and peripheral and central (82.6%) for FVPTC. The echogenicity was most commonly hypoechoic (47.8%) for the classic type, hypoechoic (74.6%) for PMC, and isoechoic (30.4%) for FVPTC. The outline was most often irregular (60.9%) for the classic type, irregular (86.6%) for PMC, and regular (91.3%) for FVPTC. The ratio of the AP/T diameters was 1.0 or more in 31.9%, 55.2%, and 13.0%, a halo sign was observed in 30.4%, 6.0%, and 78.3%, cystic changes was present in 1.4%, 0%, and 21.7%, and microcalcifications were present in 55.1%, 28.4%, and 13.0% of those with the classic type, PMC, and FVPTC, respectively. CONCLUSION: The gray-scale and color Doppler US features corresponding to the histological subtypes of PTC are significantly different from one another. The US features of FVPTC appear to be significantly different from the other subtypes in that they tend to have more benign US characteristics than those of the classic type or PMC.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*