1.Telling to the Diagnosis of Cancer to Terminally Ill Patients.
Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2001;44(9):963-968
Disclosure of a diagnosis of cancer to patients is a major problem among physicians in Korea. Many questions arise when considering issues involved in telling the diagnosis of cancer beyond the question of whether to tell. But there has been no consensus guideline on how, and in what context, to tell the diagnosis of cancer to the patients. The review of the literature reveals that the attitudes of physicians on the truth telling have been changing from favoring non-disclosure to disclosure over time. The disclosure rate was 81.8% in a Korean survey performed in 1990, while it was 65% in a survey in 1979. The younger the patient's age was, the higher the disclosure rate was. This tendency was same in Korean nurses and patients. The majority of Korean patients wanted their doctors to break the bad news, not only because the patients wanted to obtain detailed information about their conditions but also because they believed their doctors. They also wanted their family to hear the truth first, immediately after the diagnosis had been confirmed. The most important issue in the process of disclosing a diagnosis of cancer to patients is truth. Otherwise, doctors will lose the chance to give help to the patients when they are in real need of doctor's help at the very end of their lives.
Consensus
;
Diagnosis*
;
Disclosure
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Terminally Ill*
2.A Physical Anthropological Study on the Corpus Callosum of Korean.
Won Sik KIM ; Young Ho LEE ; Hong Sun KIM
Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology 1988;1(1):75-84
Authors analysed the corpus callosum of Korean(27 male & 14 female) anthrolopologically by the method of Kappers and Ban, and obtained the following results ; 1. The mean height of corpus callosum of the Korean male was about 25.9mm and that of the female was about 25.6mm. 2. The mean length of corpus callosum of the Korean male was about 69.1mm and that of the female was about 69.9mm. 3. According to the callosum horizontal index, the length of the cerebral hemisphere of the Korean male was about 2.22 times longer than that of the corpus callosum, and that of the female was about 2.27 times longer. 4. According to the callosum parietal index, the height of parietal lobe of the Korean male and female was about 2.8 times higher than that of corpus callosum. 5. The mean value of the callosum index of Korean was about 0.374, which was greater than that of the Japanese and Chinese, but lesser than that of Battak. 6. The most common type of corpus callosum of the Korean was the type III and VI, but the type I and X were not appeared. 7. According to the type distribution in relation to the callosum horizontal index, the type VI at callosum horizontal index 0.44 was the most common types.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
;
Cerebrum
;
Corpus Callosum*
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Methods
;
Parietal Lobe
;
Rabeprazole
3.Relationship of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Women.
Young Sun HONG ; Yeon Ah SUNG ; Nan Ho KYUNG ; Jee Young OH ; Hye Young CHOI
Journal of Korean Society of Endocrinology 1998;13(2):205-215
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is well known that androgen and sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG) in women were associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as obesity, central fat accumulation and atherogenic lipid profile. High resolution B-mode ultrasonography can visualize directly both luminal and vessel wall characteristics, and ultrasonic measurement of carotid intima-medial thickness(IMT) can be used to investigate the atherosclerosis of coronary, cerebral and peripheral arteries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEA-S) and SHBG, and body fat distribution pattern, cardiovascular risk factor and carotid atherosclerosis in women. METHODS: Blood pressure, fasting serum glucose, insulin, lipid profile, SHBG and DHEA-S were measured. Body fat distribution pattern was assessed by waist to hip ratio, waist to thigh ratio and subscapular to triceps skin fold thickness ratio, faf mass measured by bioelectric impedance analyzer, subcutaneous fat area, visceral fat area, and visceral to subcutaneous fat area ratio(VSR) at the level of umbilicus using the computed tomography. The IMT of the carotid artery was measured by high resolution B mode ultrasound as a marker of atherosclerosis. RESULTS: 1) There was no significant difference of age-adjusted values of carotid IMT among subjects with NGT(0.426+/-0.09mm), IGT(0.46+/-10.09mm) and NIDDM(0.453+/-0.11mm). 2) In postrnenopausal women, carotid IMT was greater(0.484+/-0.11mm, p=0.05) than premenopausal women(0.426+/-0.08mm), but it was not significant after age adjustment. Serum SHBG and DHEA-S levels in postmenopausal women were significantly lower(p<0.05) than premenopausal women, but they were not significant after age adjustment. 3) Carotid IMT was significantly correlated with age(r=0.37, p<0.01), fasting serum glucose (r=0.32, p<0.01), total cholesterol(r= 0.25, p<0.05), LDL-cholesterol(r=0.26, p<0.05), visceral fat area(r=0.35, p<0.01) and VSR(r=0.31, p<0.05). 4) By the stepwise multiple regression analysis, carotid IMT was positively and significantly associated with age(p<0.01) and serum DHEA-S concentration(p<0.05) in dent of age, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, fasting serum glucose. CONCLUSION: Carotid IMT was associated with age and serum DHEA-S concentration in women without cardiovascular disease. Therefore, serum DHEA-S may be one of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women. However, we could not conclude its cause-result relationship because of cross sectional nature of our study, and prospective study will be needed.
Arteries
;
Atherosclerosis
;
Blood Glucose
;
Blood Pressure
;
Body Fat Distribution
;
Body Mass Index
;
Cardiovascular Diseases
;
Carotid Arteries
;
Carotid Artery Diseases*
;
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate*
;
Dehydroepiandrosterone*
;
Electric Impedance
;
Fasting
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Insulin
;
Intra-Abdominal Fat
;
Mortality
;
Obesity, Abdominal
;
Phenobarbital
;
Risk Factors
;
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin*
;
Skin
;
Subcutaneous Fat
;
Thigh
;
Ultrasonics
;
Ultrasonography
;
Umbilicus
;
Waist-Hip Ratio
4.Hyperprolactinemic patients with normal menstrual cycle.
In Suk YOON ; Young Bae CHOI ; Young Sun SHON ; Young Il LEE ; Young Su HONG ; Kil Chung KANG
Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1992;35(3):388-392
No abstract available.
Female
;
Humans
;
Menstrual Cycle*
5.The clinical study on MCLS.
Young Sun KO ; Ji Sun CHO ; Hong Bae KIM ; Ji Sub OH
Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society 1991;34(2):240-249
No abstract available.
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
6.A Case of Dermatomyositis Manifestated by the Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia.
Young Sun KIM ; Sun Hee MAENG ; Hong Keun CHO ; Si Hoon PARK ; Gil Ja SHIN
Korean Circulation Journal 1997;27(11):1211-1217
Dermatomyositis is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by inflammation and degeneration of skeletal muscles and cutaneous abnormalities. Cardiac involvement in dermatomyositis-polymyositis is thought to be rare. In recent year, however, there has been an increasing number of reports on cardiac abnormalities in adult dermatomyositis and polymyositis due to development of noninvasive diagnostic techniques. Categorically, these abnormalities have included electrocardiographic changes, cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and pericarditis. A 56-year-old woman was admittied to the Ewha womans University Hospital with dyspnea and palpitation. She was diagnosed as having dermatomyositis and followed up our department of Dermatology. Electrocardiogram showed a paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia at as rate of 195/min. The patient was treated with 240mg/day verapamil p.o, 60mg/day prednisone p.o, there was marked improvement of symptoms. Systematic study of cardiac function utilizing echocardiography, Holter monitoring, thallium-201-scan, and gated blood pool studies were conducted in five newly diagnosed patients with dematomyositis-polymyositis. A significant elevation of serum CPK-MB is indicative of cardiac involvement. Cardiac involvement is a serious prognostic sign. We report a case with the review of the literature.
Adult
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Arrhythmias, Cardiac
;
Coronary Artery Disease
;
Dermatology
;
Dermatomyositis*
;
Dyspnea
;
Echocardiography
;
Electrocardiography
;
Electrocardiography, Ambulatory
;
Female
;
Heart Failure
;
Humans
;
Inflammation
;
Middle Aged
;
Muscle, Skeletal
;
Pericarditis
;
Polymyositis
;
Prednisone
;
Prognosis
;
Tachycardia, Supraventricular*
;
Verapamil
7.The evaluation of the endometrial curettage in patients of ectopic pregnancy.
Young Mi SUNG ; Yoon Ho JO ; Byoung Sun KIM ; Keun Young PARK ; Seo Yoo HONG
Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1993;36(7):1261-1267
No abstract available.
Curettage*
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Pregnancy
;
Pregnancy, Ectopic*
8.Relation between Coronary Artery Cross Sectional Area and Left Ventricular Wall Mass.
Doo Hong CHOI ; Hak Sun KIM ; Sun Ho CHANG ; Joo Young CHO ; Sung Gu KIM ; Young Joo KWON
Korean Circulation Journal 1990;20(4):748-752
The coronary artery cross sectional area (CSA) is proportional to LV mass. We have measured the cross sectional area of the left and right coronary arteries in patients with ischemic heart disease to see whether it is related to the change in the LV mass. The following results were obtained ; 1) There were no significant difference in mean CSA of coronary arteries and LV mass determined by echocardiography and cineangiography between control and ischemic heart disease. 2) There were significantly increased ratio of left ventricular mass by cineangiogram to CSA of left anterior descending coronary artery in patients with myocardial infarction as compared with control group. 3) A linear relation between LV mass by cineangiogram and CSA of left coronary artery was noted in control group (r=0.53, P<0.05) and ischemic heart disease group (r=0.51, P<0.05). 4) A linear relation between LV mass determined by echocardiography and CSA of left coronary artery was noted in control group (r=0.55, P<0.05).
Cineangiography
;
Coronary Vessels*
;
Echocardiography
;
Humans
;
Myocardial Infarction
;
Myocardial Ischemia
9.The Role of the Cerebellar Uvulonodulus on the Early Stage of Vestibular Compensation in Rats.
Young Sun KIM ; Jin Ho KIM ; Moon Kyu PARK ; Hong Kyung YOO ; Moon Young LEE ; Min Sun KIM ; Byung Rim PARK
Korean Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2000;43(2):129-135
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many expeerimental evidences have beensupported that the vestibulocerebellum involved in recovery of vestibular compensation. The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of unilateral ablation of uvula and nodular lobes on early stage of vestibular compensation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250~300 g were used and divided into control (CON) group receiving sham operation, unilateral labyrinthectomy (ULX) group, ULX plus left uvulonodulectomy (ULX+Lt-UNLX) group, and ULX plus right uvulonodulectomy (ULX+Rt-UNLX) group. UNLX was performed 1 hour following ULX. Spontaneous nystagmus (SN) and roll head tilt (RHT) were recorded for 3 days following ULX. Temporal change of c-Fos protein expression in the medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) was measured for 2 days following ULX. RESULTS: There were observed SN with contralateral direction to injured labyrinth and RHT toward ipsilateral side with flexion of ipsilateral limb and extenstion of contralateral one just after ULX. There was significant increase in SN frequency of ULX+Rt-UNLX group compared with that of ULX group. In addition, ULX+Rt-UNLX group resulted in severe postural asymmetry. ULX elicited prominent expression of c-Fos protein in contralateral MVN 2 hours but in ipsilateral one 6, 24 hours after ULX, respectively. In contrast, number of c-Fos positive neurons was higher in contralateral MVN. 24 hours after ULX higher expression of c-Fos protein in contralteral MVN was still remained in ULX+Rt-UNLX group but that in ipsilateral MVN was observed in ULX+Lt-UNLX group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that UNLX have a different effect on the early stage of vestibular compensatory process and the uvulonodulus serves the restoration of balance between intervestibular nuclear activities after ULX by inhibition of vestibular nuclear complex through nhibitory Purkinje system.
Adult
;
Animals
;
Compensation and Redress*
;
Ear, Inner
;
Extremities
;
Head
;
Humans
;
Neurons
;
Rats*
;
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
;
Uvula
;
Vestibular Nuclei
10.Physiological Significances for Expression of Immediate Early Gene Protein by Change of Arterial Pressure in Vestibular Nuclear Complex of Adult Rats.
Young Sun KIM ; Kyu Sun PARK ; Se Girl JANG ; Hong Kyun YOO ; Min Sun KIM ; Byung Rim PARK
Korean Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2003;46(12):1012-1018
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research was to evaluate physiological significances of expression of immediate early gene proteins in the vestibular nuclear complex by change of arterial pressure (AP) in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Record AP and inject either sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or phenylnephrine to change AP. Either fast or slow removal of blood from the femoral artery was made to induce different rapidity in reduction of AP. Blood supply to the inner ear was temporally blocked by clamping anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). Immunohistochemical staining and image analysis for cFos, FosB, Krox, and JunB proteins were performed 2, 6, 12 hours after change of AP. RESULTS: The selective expression of cFos protein was observed in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) following reduction of AP. The number of cFos positive neurons peaked at 2 hours and then rapidly reduced, returning to the normal value 24 hours after SNP injection. And cFos protein expression was also well correlated with that of AP reduction at 2 hours of SNP injection. The rapid falling of AP caused a significant expression of cFos protein but slow withdrawal of blood did a minimal change of cFos protein expression. In addition, there was a significant expression of cFos protein following the increase of AP by single injection of phenylnephrine. Unilateral occlusion of AICA resulted in the significant expression of cFos protein in bilateral MVN. Furthermore, bilateral ablation of vestibular endorgans resulted in significant reduction of cFos expression by AICA occlusion in MVN. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that cFos protein is a marker for neuronal excitation in vestibular complex in response to rapid changes in the arterial blood pressure and that medial vestibular nuclei plays an important role in signaling the process of cardiovascular information coming from the peripheral vestibular apparatus.
Adult*
;
Animals
;
Arterial Pressure*
;
Arteries
;
Blood Pressure
;
Constriction
;
Ear, Inner
;
Femoral Artery
;
Humans
;
Neurons
;
Nitroprusside
;
Proteins
;
Rats*
;
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
;
Reference Values
;
Vestibular Nuclei
;
Vestibule, Labyrinth