No abstract available.
Semen*

BACKGROUND: Although pulmonary resection is the standard approach for the management of pulmonary metastases from soft tissue sarcoma, most of them are unresectable and chemotherapy remains the only option. The effectiveness of the cytotoxic drugs may be limited by the toxicities that occur before the therapeutic dose is reached. The regional administration of doxorubicin using pulmonary arterial perfusion in a rodent model can produce 10 to 25 times higher concentrations in the lung than systemic administration with minimal systemic toxicities. However, it is unclear whether a high concentration of doxorubicin has beneficial effects for killing cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We studied this to evaluate the dose-dependent cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of doxorubicin on methylcholanthrene-induced rat fibrosarcoma(MCA) cells. This study examined the cytotoxicity and apoptosis-related gene expressions(Fas, FasL, Bax, caspase 1, caspase 2, caspase 8, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-xS) in MCA cells after 24 hours exposure to various concentrations of doxorubicin such as 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 micrometer. RESULT: Dose-dependent cytotoxicity was observed after 24 hours exposure to doxorubicin. However, peak apoptosis after 24 hours exposure was observed at 5 micrometer of doxorubicin. Above 5 micrometer, apoptotic activity was decreased with dose-increment. All mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes after 24 hours exposure were up-regulated above the control level at 1 micrometer of doxorubicin and then decreased by doxorubicin dose-increment except caspase 8, which showed higher levels than the control level at 5 micrometer. Apoptosis-related protein levels were highest at 1 micrometer of doxorubicin and then decreased by doxorubicin dose-increment. However, Bax and Bcl-xL proteins steadily showed higher levels than the control throughout the different concentrations of doxorubicin. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that apoptosis is the main cytotoxic mechanism in low concentrations of doxorubicin in MCA cells and apoptosis-related genes, such as Bax, caspase 8, a can kill MCA cells, even when apoptosis is inhibited, and have its propriety for achieving much cytotoxicity against MCA cells.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; bcl-X Protein ; Caspase 1 ; Caspase 2 ; Caspase 8 ; Doxorubicin* ; Drug Therapy ; Fibrosarcoma ; Homicide ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Perfusion ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger ; Rodentia ; Sarcoma

H1-antihistamines have been prescribed widely for the treatment of allergic diseases, such as rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria besides common colds since the 1940s. H1-antihistamines are classified by chemical structures (akylamine, piperazine, piperidine, ethanolamine, ethylendiamine, and phenothiazine) or functionally by permeability through blood brain barrier (first or second generation). The first generation antihistamines have been prescribed up to now with several adverse effects such as central nervous system dysfunction, anticholinergic and antiserotonic action and cardiotoxicity with overdose. Hence second generation antihistamines are recommended for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Physicians should consider concomitant diseases or medications when prescribing first generation antihistamines.
Blood-Brain Barrier ; Central Nervous System ; Common Cold ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Ethanolamine ; Histamine Antagonists ; Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating ; Permeability ; Piperazines ; Piperidines ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Urticaria

Hibernoma is a rare, benign soft tissue tumor that is derived from the remnants of fetal brown tissue. The term hibernoma was proposed in 1914 by Cery because of its morphologic similarity to the cel s of the so-called hibernating gland of animals. The most common site of hibernomas is the subcutaneous tissue of the back, especially the interscapular area. These tumors are considered benign and malignant transformation has not been reported. We experienced a case of hibernoma, 60-year-old woman had suffered from the palpable mass without pain or tenderness on posterolateral lower chest wall, left. The tumor was extirpated under the impression of angiolipoma, but was confirmed hibernoma. She was discharged without complication.
Adipose Tissue, Brown ; Angiolipoma ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoma* ; Middle Aged ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Thoracic Wall* ; Thorax*

OBJECTIVE: Ovarian failure is often common complication by the conditioning protocol used for bone marrow transplantation (BMT). To determine the frequency of recovery of ovarian function after allo-BMT and the major factor that predict recovery, we monitored ovarian function in 24 premenopausal women METHOD: Twenty-four women met the inclusion criteria, which were (1) moderate to severe aplastic anemia before BMT, (2) disease-free at least 18 month after transplantation, (3) age younger than 40 years and more than 3 years after menarche at transplantation and (4) regular menstrual periods before transplantation. Recovery of ovarian function was determined by regular menses without menopausal symptom and sign. we divided conditioning regimen to two groups, Group I : cytoxan alone(n=17), Group II : cytoxan plus total body irradiation (TBI)(n=7). RESULTS: All women became amenorrhea after BMT and the clinical characteristics were not significant between two groups. 17 patients who received only cytoxan all recovered ovarian function between 1 to 14 months(median : 7.28) after BMT. The median age at BMT of women with regained ovarian function was 26 years (range, 21 to 33) versus 30 (range, 21 to 37) for those who did not. The age at transplantation was not significant between two groups in our study and the most predictive independent factor in ovarian recovery is the presence of total body irradiation. None of women who received TBI regained ovarian function during 19-49 month follow up. CONCLUSION: Gonadal insufficiency due to pre-BMT conditioning is more severe in radiation based regimen than cytoxan alone. therefore, we recommend early hormone replacement therapy in radiation treated women to prevent the complication of premature menopause.
Amenorrhea ; Anemia, Aplastic* ; Bone Marrow Transplantation* ; Bone Marrow* ; Cyclophosphamide ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gonads ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Menarche ; Menopause, Premature ; Whole-Body Irradiation

No abstract available.
Glomerular Filtration Rate* ; Kidney*

PURPOSE: The objective of this study investigates the change in the awareness of the caregivers of atopic dermatitis (AD)' children, through questionnaires conducted in 2006 and 2013. METHODS: A questionnaire of 15 items about the diagnosis and management of AD was done to survey a total of 146 caregivers participating in Atopy Friendly School Program in Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 2013. A comparison analysis was used to compare the results of the surveys conducted in 2006 and 2013. RESULTS: Diagnosis of AD by doctor has increased while that by traditional Korean medical (TKM) doctor has decreased, but it was not statistically significant (P=0.07). Self-treatment has increased while the treatment by doctor remained similar. Treatment by TKM doctor has decreased. Overall change in medical institutions was statistically significant (P=0.01). The use of emollient has significantly increased while the use of topical steroid and oral medication has decreased with no statistically significant difference. Food restriction has significantly decreased (P=0.00), but it is still recognized as an important treatment option in 2013. As for the frequency of the emollient use, using it once a day has decreased whereas using it 2-3 times a day has increased, but there was no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Caregivers' awareness on AD has improved through 2006 to 2013 with the education provided by academic societies and government, but the accurate understanding of the disease still needs improvement. The future education should focus on the selection of appropriate healthcare services as well as the specific self-management strategies.
Caregivers ; Child ; Delivery of Health Care ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Humans ; Self Care ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: There is conflicting evidence concerning the relationship between breast-feeding and development of wheezing in early childhood. Epidemiological evidence for a role of breast-feeding on risk of wheezing is inconclusive. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between breast feeding and risk of current wheezing in early childhood in Korea. METHODS: We combined the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data collected from 2010 to 2012 and analyzed 1,011 children from 1 to 3 years olds who had been surveyed in regards to breast-feeding. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify association among the following variables: presence of current wheezing, feeding types and duration of breast-feeding. RESULTS: Prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding and current wheezing decreased both annually from 2010 to 2012. In the univariate analysis, breast-feeding, formula-feeding, duration of breast-feeding were not associated significantly with current wheezing of children younger than 3 years old. No measureable statistically significant relation was observed among breast-feeding, formula-feeding, duration of breast-feeding and risk of current wheezing in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The present study showed no statistically significant relationship between breast-feeding and the risk of wheeze in early childhood in Korean children. National prospective study is needed to clarify the role of breast-feeding in development of current wheezing.
Asthma ; Breast Feeding ; Child* ; Humans ; Korea ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Sounds

PURPOSE: The total number of times a paper is cited, also known as the impact factor (IF) of a medical journal, is widely implied in evaluating the quality of a research paper. We evaluated the citation index data as an IF of Korean J Pediatr in Korean Medical Citation Index (KoMCI) and JCI of Web of Science. METHODS: We calculated the IF of Korean J Pediatr at KoMCI supervised by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. And we estimated the IF of Korean J Pediatr by the JCI of Web of Science although it was never officially reported. RESULTS: The IF of Korean J Pediatr on KoMCI has increased from 0.100 in the year 2000, to 0.205 in 2008, and 0.326 in 2009. Although the IF of Korean J Pediatr was 0.006 in 2005, 0.018 in 2006, 0.028 in 2008, 0.066 in 2009, and 0.018 in 2010 according to the JCI of Web of Science, the number of citations are steadily increasing. CONCLUSION: Understanding and realizing the current status will be a stepping stone for further improvement. The next objective of the Korean J Pediatr is to become registered in the SCI or SCIE. Increasing the IF according to the JCI of Web of Science is crucial in order to achieve this goal.
Pediatrics

PURPOSE: Asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness result from airway inflammation. Fraction of nitric oxide in expired air (FeNO) has recently been investigated as a noninvasive measure of airway inflammation. FeNO has been reported to correlate with induced sputum eosinophilia and methacholine challenge test that it is represent severity of asthma. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of FeNO with pulmonary function tests in patients with intermittent asthma. METHODS: Eighty children included in this study were diagnosed as asthma from April through August, 2005 in Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University. They aged from 4 to 15 years who were able to conduct spirometry and FeNO monitoring. They did not have upper respiratory tract infection and did not use an asthma controller which contain corticosteroids within 4 weeks. Pulmonary function test was done and FeNO was measured with online tidal breathing method using a chemiluminescence NO analyzer (CLD 88 sp, Eco Medics, Duernten, Switzerland). The correlations between pulmonary function test and FeNO were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient method. RESULTS: The mean of FeNO of subject was 16.88 parts per billion (ppb). The mean of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was 0.890+/-0.455 L and forced vital capacity (FVC) was 1.071+/-0.630 L. The mean of predicted FEV1% (FEV1%pred) was 98.39+/-34.27% and FEV1/FVC was 88.53+/-19.49. FeNO was significantly correlate with FEV1 (r=0.345, P<0.01) and FVC (r=0.244, P<0.05). FeNO did not correlate with FEV1%pred or FEV1/FVC. CONCLUSION: The measurement of FeNO could be a useful marker in the management of childhood asthma and it is evolving to provide a complementary role alongside existing pulmonary function test. We propose that measuring technique and establishment of normal reference range are important area for future research.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Aged ; Airway Obstruction ; Asthma ; Child ; Eosinophilia ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Luminescence ; Methacholine Chloride ; Nitric Oxide ; Pediatrics ; Reference Values ; Respiration ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Spirometry ; Sputum ; Vital Capacity