OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation is to determine the frequency of chromosomal or genetic causes of recurrent spontaneous abortion. METHODS : A cytogenetic study was made in of 921 couples for 13 years from January 1984 to December 1997 in which the woman was ascertained to have had two or more spontaneous abortions at our Cytogenetic Laboratory, Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Seoul National University. RESULTS : The overall incidence of chromosome anomaly was 80 out of 921 (8.7%). There were 34 cases (3.69%) of reciprocal balanced translocation and 13 cases (1.41%) of Robertsonian translocation. Also 17 cases (1.85%) of inversion and 5 cases (0.54%) of X chromosome mosiacism was observed. In the case of reciprocal balanced translocation, chromosome 8,6,7,13 were preferentially involved over others. And in the case of Robertsonian translocation, chromosome 13 was preferentially involved. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that cytogenetic analysis is indicated in couples with 2 or more spontaneous abortion and about half of these disorders are reciprocal balanced or Robertsonian translocations.
Abortion, Spontaneous* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Cytogenetics* ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pregnancy ; Reproductive Medicine ; Seoul ; X Chromosome

No abstract available.
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Statistics as Topic*

The pathology of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease be can described as a vascular distrubance leading to necrosis andsubsequent revascularization of the femoral epiphyseal ossification center. The regional distribution ofbone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals in the skeleton can depend on a number of factors, but bone blood flow is amajor phsiological determinant of regional skeletal uptake of Tc-99m polyphosphate and bone imaging may thus beused for the detection of areas with both decreased and increased vascular supply. The authors analyzed thescintigraphic findings of 14 cases of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease at Kyung Hee University Hospital from Mar, '81 toOct. '82. The resuls were as follows; 1. Scintigraphy revealed area of absent radioactivity in 14 cases; lateral2/3 portion of the femoral epiphyseal ossification center was involved in 9 cases among 14 cases, and alsoincreased radioactivity in epiphyseal ossification center, epiphyseal plate, or poximal metaphysis of femur wereassociated in 7 cases. 2. Three cases had radiographically normal hip, whereas scintigraphy revealed distinctlyabsent radioactivity in femoral epiphyseal ossification center. 3. Magnification of hip imaging using a pinholecollimator provided good definition of presence and extent of pathologic defect or uptake in epiphysealossification center, epiphyseal plate, and metaphysis. Bone imaging provided earlier and more accurate informationconcering the extent of the necrotic and revascularization process of Legg-Calv-Perthes disease than theradiographs alone.
Femur ; Growth Plate ; Hip ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease ; Necrosis ; Pathology ; Radioactivity ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Skeleton ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate

No abstract available.

Four children, with histopathologically confirmed posterior fossa primitive neuroectoderrnal tumors, were examined by plain radiography, computed tomography (CT) and cerebral angiography. The homogeneously well enhanced solid mass in the midline of the posterior fossa and hydrocephalus of various degree were seen on all CT scans. One case had calcifications and another case had low density areas in the tumor mass. Three cerebral angiograms showed vascular displacement without tumor vascularities. Unfortunately, these CT and angiography findings are and other tumors. when a well enhanced solid mass in the midline posterior fossa is seen on CT scan in children.
Angiography ; Cerebral Angiography ; Child ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Medulloblastoma* ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive* ; Pathology* ; Radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of thirteen patients with tuberous sclerosis were reviewed. Seven patients underwent computed tomography (CT). The characteristic MR finding of tuberous sclerosis was those of subependymal nodules which were best seen on short repetition time (TR) spin-echo images. Hypointensities within the nodules consistent with calcification were most evident on long TR images. Contrast enhancing lesions, indicative subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, occurred in four cases. Cortical tubers (n=11) and white matter lesions(n=8) exhibited long T1 and T2 relaxation characteristics although reversed pattern was noted in one newborn patients. Cortical tubers and white matter lesions had more irregular shapes in early childhood patients. MR imaging is the sensitive method in detection of gyral tubers and white matter lesions and also valuable in detecting giant all astrocytoma.
Astrocytoma ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Relaxation ; Tuberous Sclerosis* ; White Matter

No abstract available.
Herpes Simplex* ; Immunocompromised Host* ; Immunosuppression ; Simplexvirus*

OBJECTIVES: In this study we performed an analysis of the stress associated with the working conditions of 6,764 workers based on 'A survey of healthy condition of workers on 1999'by the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency. The Purpose of this study was to provide basic data for health education and management for industrial workers'health promotion. METHODS: Collected data were analyzed using the t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis, using the SPSS 10.0 program. RESULTS: When the degrees of stress were analyzed according to demographic characteristics, females were found to have higher levels of stress than males (p<0.001). Furthermore, as age was lowered and as the work space became larger, the degrees of a stress were also found to be higher (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). When the degrees of stress were analyzed according to working conditions, longer working hours (p<0.001) and reduced break times (p<0.05), gave rise to higher degrees of stress. Also, as the work space was reduced in size and as the work intensity was augmented, the degrees of a stress were made higher (p<0.01). In terms of physical working conditions, humidity and a lack of sense of security resulted in higher degrees of stress (p<0.01). When the workers sense that their environment is noisy or dusty has poor lighting or ventilation or that the rest room and cafeteria facilities are inadequate, the degrees of stress are found to be higher. As regards the social environment, when the workers sensed that the degree of job demand or job control was higher or that the degree of social support was lower, the degrees of stress were increased (p<0.001). Among those factors which influenced physical stress in the stepwise multiple regression analysis, the primary factor was found to be the safety of the working place (5.1 %). Other factors which influenced physical stress were degree of job demand, age, work intensity, humidity, sexual discrimination, length of working hours, size of work space and the existence or not of a regular break time in this order. Total R2 due to these factors was 12%. Among those factors which influenced mental stress in the stepwise multiple regression analysis, the primary factor was the degree of job demand (4.8 %). Other factors which influenced mental stress were humidity, age, sexual discrimination, the degree of a job control, safety of the working place, degree of social support, a working site, size of the work space, quality of lighting, the existence or not of a regular break time and length of working hours in this order. Total R2 due to these factors was 13.1 %. CONCLUSIONS: The above results shows that working conditions are strongly related to stress. Furthermore, when both physical and social working conditions are continuously managed and improved, workers may not only reduce their levels of stress but also maximize their working efficiency.
Analysis of Variance ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Female ; Health Education ; Humans ; Humidity ; Male ; Occupational Health ; Social Environment ; Social Work ; Ventilation

No abstract available.
Liver* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cyclosporine* ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Mice*