No abstract available.
Pregnancy Rate* ; Pregnancy* ; Sterilization*

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of oral care either with normal saline or with tantum solution on the oral state of the patients in intensive care unit as well as the frequency of bacteria occurrence inside their oral cavities. METHOD: The study was performed from March thru May of 2003 on the nonequivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experimental design. Forty subjects were selected for each group. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 10.0 Win. The pre-experimental homogeneity and post-experimental differences between the two groups were analyzed with t-test. RESULT: There was a significant difference in the oral cavity state between the experimental group that had used normal saline and the control group that had used tantum solution. CONCLUSION: Based on the results described above, it is considered that normal saline is more effective than the tantum solution for the oral care of the patients in intensive care unit.
Bacteria ; Benzydamine ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care* ; Mouth

No abstract available.
Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic* ; Incidence*

Tumorlet is a rare lesion of disputed origin that was first described by whitwell in 1955, and about one-third of the reported cases have been associated with underlying lung disease. Patient was a 60-year-old female who was admitted with a histroy of chest discomfort and dyspnea. Right lower lobe was partially resected under the clinical diagnosis of the bronchogenic cyst. Grossly, lung tissue around round cystic lesion appeared brown firm and somewhat fibrotic, and showed several scattered ill-defined whitish gray nodules. Microscopically, lung tissue around bronchogenic cyst was partially obliterated by dense fibrous scar tissue. Within this areas of fibrosis, and in the wall of alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles, innumerable microscopic tumorlets were found and argyrophilic granules were also demonstrated in scattered tumorlets with Grimelius stain.
Female ; Humans ; Cysts

PURPOSE: Asthma is a complex disease that is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), reversible airway obstruction, and inflammation, marked mainly by eosinophilic infiltration. The bulk of the evidence identifies alphaCD4(+) TH2 cells as having a pivotal role in mediating the inflammation that is central to asthma but The role of CD8(+) T cells in the development of allergic airway disease is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CD8(+) T cells in the development of AHR and airway inflammation in mouse model of chronic asthma. METHODS: Mice were sensitized to OVA by i.p. injection on day 1, 14 and then challenged by OVA intranasal instillation on days 27, 28, 29 47, 61, 73, 74 and then 75 days. Anti-CD8 antibody was administered to sensitized mice by i.v. injection 2h before second sensitization, day 27 and 73. In vivo airway responsiveness was measured by whole body plethysmography (Penh) to inhaled methacholine (MCh) on day 77. Lung eosinophilia, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytokine levels were also assessed. RESULTS: Sensitized and challenged mice showed significant airway eosinophilia and heightened AHR to methacholine when compared with non-sensitized animals. Administration of anti-CD8 antibody prevented both development of AHR as well as BALF eosinophilia. Treatment with anti-CD8 antibody also resulted in supression of IL-5 production in BALF. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that CD8 (+) T cell may have a potential role in the development of chronic allergic airway inflammation and development of allergen-induced airway responses in mouse model.
Airway Obstruction ; Animals ; Asthma ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-5 ; Lung ; Methacholine Chloride ; Mice ; Negotiating ; Ovum ; Plethysmography, Whole Body ; T-Lymphocytes ; Th2 Cells

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of cancer pain was 64% in advanced or terminal cancer patients. In the world, about 25% of all cancer patients had been died without pain control despite of severe pain. We relieved cancer pain with the three methods of treatment such as continuous epidural morphine infusion, alcohol sympathetic block and continuous epidural morphine infusion with alcohol block in the patients requested from other departments. The change of pain was investigated retrospectively. METHODS: The alteration of cancer pain in 26 terminal cancer patients were recorded in visual analogue scale from June 1996 to May 1998 retrospectively. RESULTS: Patients lived average 38.5 days from beginning of pain control. All patients complained severe pain at the point of time requested to pain clinic. But 2 days after pain control, most patients were comfortable or tolerable to pain. At 1 week before death, pain were aggravated and sometimes uncontrolled. CONCLUSIONS: At first time, cancer pain was controlled but it becomes uncontrollable and aggravated in the patients time was drawing near.
Humans ; Morphine ; Pain Clinics ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Recently many studies show early exposure during childhood growth to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) and/or early exposure to allergens exhibit important role in development of allergy including bronchial asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of endotoxin and allergen exposure in early life via the airways in the pathogenesis of allergic airways inflammation and airway hyperresposiveness (AHR) in mouse model of asthma. METHODS: Less than one week-old Balb/c mice was used. Groups of mice were received either a single intranasal instillation of sterile physiologic saline, 1% ovalbumin (OVA), LPS or 1.0 microgram LPS in 1% OVA. On 35th day, these animals were sensitized with 1% OVA for 10 consecutive days via the airways. Animals were challenged with ovalbumin for 3 days on 55th days, and airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and cytokine expression were assessed. Measurements of airway function were obtained in unrestrained animals, using whole-body plethysmography. Airway responsiveness was expressed in terms of % enhanced pause (Penh) increase from baseline to aerosolized methacholine. Lung eosinophilia, serum OVA-IgE and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cytokine levels were also assessed. ANOVA was used to determine the levels of difference between all groups. Comparisons for all pairs were performed by Tukey-Kramer honest significant difference test; P values for significance were set to 0.05. RESULTS: Sensitized and challenged mice with OVA showed significant airway eosinophilia and heightened responsiveness to methacholine. Early life exposure of OVA and/or LPS via the airway prevented both development of AHR as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia. Exposure with OVA or LPS also resulted in suppression of interleukin (IL)-4, 5 production in BAL fluid and OVA specific IgE in blood. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that antigen and/or LPS exposure in the early life results in inhibition of allergic responses to OVA in this mouse model of astham. Our data show that early life exposure with OVA and/or LPS may have a protective role in the development of allergic airway inflammation and development of allergen-induced airway responses in mouse model of asthma.
Allergens ; Animals ; Asthma ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Eosinophilia ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Inflammation ; Interleukins ; Lung ; Methacholine Chloride ; Mice ; Ovalbumin ; Ovum ; Plethysmography

PURPOSE: Allergic asthma is a complex syndrome of reactions within the airways characterized by bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). There is an emerging body of knowledge defining the role of CD8 (+) T cells in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. The role of CD8 (+) T cells in the development of allergic airway disease is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CD8 (+) T cells during the induction of allergen-induced AHR and airway inflammation. METHODS: Mice were sensitized to OVA by i.p. injection on day 1, 14 and then challenged by OVA inhalation on days 24, 25, 26. Anti-CD8 antibody was administered to sensitized mice by i.v. injection 2h before second sensitization and first airway challenge. In vivo airway responsiveness was measured by whole body plethysmography (Penh) to inhaled methacholine (MCh) on day 28. Lung eosinophilia, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytokine levels were also assessed. RESULTS: Sensitized and challenged mice showed significant airway eosinophilia and heightened responsiveness to methacholine when compared with nonsensitized animals. Administration of anti-CD8 antibody prevented both development of AHR as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia. Anti-CD8 antibody abolished peribronchial and perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells. Treatment with anti-CD8 antibody also resulted in supression of IL-5 production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that CD8 (+) T cell may have a potential role in the development of allergic airway inflammation and development of allergen-induced airway responses.
Animals ; Asthma ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Bronchoconstriction ; Eosinophilia ; Inflammation* ; Inhalation ; Interleukin-5 ; Lung ; Methacholine Chloride ; Mice ; Ovum ; Plethysmography, Whole Body ; T-Lymphocytes*

PURPOSE: There has been little research regarding the effectiveness of oseltamivir for influenza B infections. We sought to identify the different clinical manifestations between patients treated with and without oseltamivir. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the medical records of 72 inpatients or outpatients from two medical centers diagnosed with influenza B infections by either a rapid antigen test or multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR between January 2012 and July 2012. We compared gender, age, past medical history, admission period, total fever duration, fever duration after hospitalization, post-oseltamivir medication peak temperature, laboratory test, chest X-ray, antibiotic medication, and the presence of concomitant viral or bacterial infections. RESULTS: The number of subjects in our study was 72 who were diagnosed with influenza B pneumonia, acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis, croup, and mean age was 3.6+/-2.8 year old. The demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations of oseltamivir and the non-oseltamivir groups, including hospitalization period (4.18+/-2.10 vs 4.79+/-1.49 days, P=.17) and total fever duration (5.32+/-2.07 vs 6.41+/-3.25 days, P=.09), demonstrated no significant differences. Notably, the oseltamivir group did have significantly reduced usage of antibiotic treatment than the non-oseltamivir group (P=.04). When we limited our patient group to patients under the age of three, similar results were seen. The group prescribed oseltamivir within 48 hours of fever onset had less antibiotic usage, in addition to a shorter fever duration. CONCLUSION: Oseltamivir appeared to have no benefit in improving the clinical course. However, if it is prescribed within the first 48 hours of symptoms, it may be more effective.
Bacterial Infections ; Bronchiolitis ; Bronchitis ; Child* ; Croup ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, University* ; Humans ; Influenza B virus* ; Influenza, Human ; Inpatients ; Medical Records ; Oseltamivir* ; Outpatients ; Pneumonia ; Retrospective Studies ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Epidural morphine has been commonly used to provide postoperative pain relief, but it has many side effects such as nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, and pruritus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and side effects by combination use of epidural morphine and butorphanol. METHODS: Forty five patients were randomly divided into 3 groups. For group I, a bolus of 4.7 ml of saline and 3 mg of morphine were administered. For group II, a bolus of 4.2 ml of saline and 3 mg of morphine and 1 mg of butorphanol were administered. For group III, a bolus of 3.2 ml of saline and 3 mg of morphine and 3 mg of butorphanol were administered. Continuous epidural analgesia were administered for all groups; group I (saline 99.4 ml and morphine 6 mg), group II (saline 98.4 ml, morphine 6 mg, and butorphanol 2 mg), group III (saline 96.4 ml, morphine 6 mg, and butorphanol 6 mg) by two day infuser, 2 ml/hr. We compared the side effects and analgesic effect of the three groups for 2 days. RESULTS: The incidence of pruritus, nausea and vomiting was reduced significantly in the group II and III, but the incidence of somnolence increased in the group III. There were no significant differences in analgesic effect and the other side effects among the three groups. CONCLUSION: Above results suggest that the addition of butorphanol to morphine in epidural infusion reduce the incidence of pruritus, nausea and vomiting, but increase the incidence of somnolence.
Analgesia* ; Analgesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Butorphanol* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pruritus ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Vomiting