PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate effect of sensory stimulation on the mother-infant interaction in premature infants. METHOD: The subjects of this study consisted of 36 pairs of premature infants and their mothers from NICU of one university hospital located in Taegu, 18 pairs for intervention group and 18 pairs for control group. The data were collected from May, 1999 to October, 2000. For the intervention group Field's sensory stimulation(tactile and kinesthetic stimulation) was applied 2 times a day for 10 days(10:00-11:00 in the morning and 7:00-8:00 in the afternoon by researcher and mother). To determine mother and infant interaction during feeding, tool developed by Kim Mi-Ye(1999) was used. Collected data were analyzed with SAS program using chi-square test and t-test. RESULT: Significant differences were found in mother-infant interaction between two groups(t=-5.38, p=.00). It indicates that sensory stimulation was effective in improving mother-infant interaction. In the aspects of the quality of mother-infant interaction, sensory stimulation was most effective in improving sensitivity to mother and infant's synchronic behaviors(t=-5.43. p=.00) and followed by growth fostering(t=-5.07, p=.00), sensitivity to infant's cues(t=-4.53, p=.00), clarity of infant's cues(t=-3.03, p=.00) and responsiveness to the mother's behaviors(t=-2.14, p= 0.04). CONCLUSION: Based on the result of this study, it is suggested that maternally administered sensory stimulation should be applied clinical practice to improve interaction of premature infants and their mothers.
Daegu ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Mother-Child Relations* ; Mothers ; Child Health

No abstract available.
Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: This study has examined effectiveness of a secondhand smoking prevention program for adolescents. METHODS: The study was done in a nonequivalent control group pretest/posttest design. The subjects of the current study were 198 middle school students from K city in the Gyeongbuk province. The students were assigned to an experimental group (100) and participated in the secondhand smoking prevention program or to a control group (98) and did not take part. Data collection was done from June to July 2012. A Chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t test and ANCOVA were used with the SPSS 18.0 program for data analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the groups in knowledge of short-term influence of secondhand smoking (F=9.65, p<.005), knowledge of long-term influence of secondhand smoking (F=15.53, p<.001), verbal coping skills for secondhand smoking prevention (F=16.35, p<.001), behavioral coping skills for secondhand smoking prevention (F=8.49, p<.005), and assertiveness of secondhand smoking prevention (F=17.30, p<.001) measurements. CONCLUSION: The secondhand smoking prevention program delivered to the adolescents is an effective method of encouraging secondhand smoking prevention and can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for adolescents.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent* ; Assertiveness ; Data Collection ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Nursing ; Smoking ; Statistics as Topic ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution*

BACKGROUND: Health illiteracy is a problem often unrecognized by health care providers. It influences medical costs and the health status of adults. The purposes of this study were to determine the level of health literacy in community-dwelling adults and to identify the factors influencing it. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungcheong province. A total of 420 adults aged 18 or older were interviewed by trained nursing students between November 1 to December 30, 2011. Health literacy was measured using the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults. Data were analyzed using the PASW 18.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score of health literacy was 50.64+/-19.18. In the multiple linear regression analysis, health literacy was significantly associated with education (beta=0.17, P=0.001), alcohol use (beta=-0.12, P=0.010), and perceived health status (beta=0.11, P=0.029). These factors accounted for about 7% of health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: Health literacy is a very important public health issue. Our findings showed that educational level, alcohol use and perceived health status should be considered when assessing this issue in patients. Furthermore, the development of a standardized Korean assessment tool for health literacy and specified interventions for enhancing health literacy are needed to improve health outcomes.
Adult* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Health Literacy* ; Health Personnel ; Health Status ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Literacy ; Primary Prevention ; Public Health ; Seoul ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of sensory stimulation program administered by primipara on the physical growth and mother-infant feeding interaction for the first 6 months of infancy. METHOD: Data were collected from December 1, 2001 to June 30, 2003. A total of 35 mothers and their infants were assigned to a control(n=17) and an experimental(n=18) group. Mothers in the experimental group received education related to sensory stimulation program and administered to their infants twice a day for 6 months. Both groups were measured the weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference of infants at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 18 weeks, and 22 weeks and the mother-infant feeding interaction at 6 weeks, 10 weeks through the home visiting. RESULT: Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly larger increases in head circumference for intervention period. In addition to, the experimental group showed significantly higher score in mother-infant interaction than control group. CONCLUSION: These data suggested that sensory stimulation program administered by primipara may improve the physical growth of full term infant and mother-infant feeding interaction.
Adult ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Growth ; Humans ; Infant ; *Infant Care ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; *Mother-Child Relations ; Parity ; *Physical Stimulation ; Pregnancy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of sensory stimulation program administered by primipara on the physical growth and mother-infant feeding interaction for the first 6 months of infancy. METHOD: Data were collected from December 1, 2001 to June 30, 2003. A total of 35 mothers and their infants were assigned to a control(n=17) and an experimental(n=18) group. Mothers in the experimental group received education related to sensory stimulation program and administered to their infants twice a day for 6 months. Both groups were measured the weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference of infants at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 18 weeks, and 22 weeks and the mother-infant feeding interaction at 6 weeks, 10 weeks through the home visiting. RESULT: Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly larger increases in head circumference for intervention period. In addition to, the experimental group showed significantly higher score in mother-infant interaction than control group. CONCLUSION: These data suggested that sensory stimulation program administered by primipara may improve the physical growth of full term infant and mother-infant feeding interaction.
Adult ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Growth ; Humans ; Infant ; *Infant Care ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; *Mother-Child Relations ; Parity ; *Physical Stimulation ; Pregnancy

INTRODUCTION: This study examined the cumulative resorption of implants placed in a severely atrophic mandible and analyzed the radiologic bone resorption in the marginal bone, after an autogenous bone graft including both block and particulates that had been harvested from the ramus and iliac crest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on patients who had bone grafts for augmentation followed by implant installation in the mandible area from 2003 to 2008. Twelve patients (6 men and 6 women) who received 34 implants in the augmented sites were evaluated. Cumulative radiologic resorption around the implants was measured immediately, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after implant installation surgery. RESULTS: The installed implant in grafted bone showed 0.84 mm marginal bone resorption after 3 months and 50% total cumulative resorption after 1 year. The mean marginal bone resorption around the implant installed in the grafted bone was 0.44 mm after 3 months, 0.52 mm after 1 year, after which it stabilized. The implant survival rate was 97% (failed implant was 1/34). Marginal bone resorption of the installed implant in the autogenous onlay block bone grafts was 0.98 mm after 3 months, which was significantly higher than that of a particulated bone graft (0.74 mm) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: An autogenous graft including block type and particulate type is a predictable procedure for the use of dental implants in a severely atrophic mandible. Implant placement in augmented areas show a relatively high survival and minimal bone loss, as revealed by a radiologic evaluation.
Bone Resorption ; Dental Implants ; Humans ; Inlays ; Male ; Mandible ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Transplants

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine cell viability and differentiation capability of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and to elucidate the effects of cryopreservation on the activity of human third molar PDL cells by comparing PDL cells with and without cryopreservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human PDL fibroblasts obtained from immature third molars were cultured and divided into two groups. The experimental group was cryopreserved with a slow freezing rate of 0.5degrees C/min from 4degrees C to -35degrees C followed by plunging in liquid nitrogen at -196degrees C and cultured after fast thawing. The control group was cultured without cryopreservation. Cell viability, growth capacity and morphology were evaluated in both groups. Bivariate statistics were used to compare 2 groups and linear mixed model analysis was used to investigate the growth trends difference over time. RESULT: Cell viability and growth capacity were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Cultured cell of both groups showed fibroblast-like in appearance, and there were no significant differences in morphology between 2 groups. The mixed model analysis revealed no significant difference of growth capacity between 2 groups over time (beta=-0.0009; P=0.138). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that cryopreservation under control does not affect the biological properties of PDL cells, supporting the feasibility of autotransplantation of cryopreserved impacted third molars.
Autografts ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cryopreservation* ; Fibroblasts ; Freezing ; Humans* ; Molar, Third* ; Nitrogen ; Periodontal Ligament*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Heart* ; Humans*

PURPOSE: It has been known that intrauterine thyroid hormone deficiency may be one of the factors predisposing to RDS in premature infants. The aims of the study was to predict the development of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with the serial serum thyroid hormone concentrations in premature infants. METHODS: From April 1998 to July 1999, we measured serum T3, T4, FT4. and TSH levels at less than 24 hours, 7, and 28 days of age in 57 premature infants. Study infants were divided into 3 groups according to their respiratory disease : the healthy premature group (A), the RDS without BPD group (B), and the BPD group (C). We compared the thyroid function among these three groups. RESULTS: Out of total 57 premature infants, 11, 33, and 13 infants belong to the Group A, B, and C, respectively. In all three groups, T3 and T4 levels were slightly decreased at 7 days and then increased at 28 days of age, whereas TSH level was highest in the first day of life and progressively decreased with time. In the first day of life, T3, T4, FT4, and TSH levels were highest in group A, middle in group B, and lowest in group C. In group C, T3 and T4 levels at 24 hours and 7 days of age were significantly lower than those in group A (P<0.05). T4, FT4 levels at 24 hours of age and T3, T4 levels at 7 days of age in group C were significantly lower than those in group B (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in thyroid function between groups A and B at any ages, and among all three groups at 28 days of age. CONCLUSION: There were no differences in thyroid function between the healthy premature infants and the infants with RDS who did not develop BPD later. However, in the infants with BPD, thyroid functions within 24 hours after birth and at 7 days of age were significantly lower than those in the premature infant without BPD. These observations support that early postnatal thyroid hormone concentrations are not related to the development of RDS, but useful as a predictive factor for the development of BPD in premature infants.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Parturition ; Thyroid Gland*