The orbicularis oculi muscle transpositions with horizontal shortening procedures were performed for involutional entropion of the fourteen lower eyelids in twelve patients. The age ranged from 51 to 84 years (average 66.9 years). One patient was man and eleven patients were women. All patients were satisfactory with good cosmesis and improvement of tearing, discharge and ocular pain etc. after the follow-up period of 6 to 26 months. But mild subcutaneous hematoma of the eyelid was noticed in 3 cases with good absorption.
Absorption ; Entropion* ; Eyelids ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study attempted to investigate the frequency, duration, and risk factors of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in infants hospitalized due to febrile urinary tract infection (UTI). This is a basic research on the probiotics used in the prevention and treatment of AAD in infants. METHODS: Medical records of the infants aged 3-6 months hospitalized in Gachon University Gil Hospital from January 2008 to September 2010 due to the febrile UTI were retrospectively reviewed. The episodes of loose or watery stool were investigated for frequency, onset, and duration. Those who had AAD and those who did not (non-AAD) were compared. The antibiotic regimens and the episodes of diarrhea were investigated in AAD group. RESULTS: Total 147 infants were included. Fifty-four (36.7%) showed AAD. Intravenous third-generation cephalosporin (3rd CS) single therapy was used for 102 patients (69.4%), the 3rd CS and non-3rd CS combination therapy for 24 (16.3%), and non-3rd CS combination therapy for 21 (14.3%). There was no significant difference in the dose of cefotaxime between AAD and non-AAD group (P=0.601). According to the antibiotic therapies above, in AAD group, there was no significant difference in the onset and duration of diarrhea respectively (P=0.717, P=0.830). Although the frequency of diarrhea was higher for the 3rd CS and non-3rd CS combination therapy subgroup with 9.25+/-5.30 times/day than the other two subgroups (7.58+/-2.97 times/day in 3rd CS single therapy subgroup, 6.75+/-4.40 times/day in non-3rd CS combination therapy subgroup), there was no statistical significance (P=0.078). CONCLUSION: AAD seems common to the infants aged 3-6 months with febrile UTI, regardless of regimen and amount of antibiotics in usual dosage. Further research on the effects of probiotics used in the prevention and treatment of AAD in infants is warranted.
Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cefotaxime ; Child ; Diarrhea ; Humans ; Infant ; Medical Records ; Probiotics ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections

In order to produce solar retinopathy, the right eyes of Strauge-Dawley albino rats were exposed to sun light(13,1500 lux) for 15 and 30 minutes respechrel(experimental groups), while the left eyes were taped to protect them from solar damages(control groups). In both experimental and control groups. We studies the lnjuries of the retina due to sun llght. The enucleated eyes ln both groups, were examined by light and electron microscopes for histopathologic changes of the retina preceded by the indirect ophthalmoscopic examination under low Illumination. Although there was no definite pathologic change in indirect ophthalmoscopic and light microscopic examinations, rather severe damage was seen at the electron microscopic level. At one day after the experiment, the inner segment of visual cells was relatively well preserved, but the other layers of the retina were markedly damaged. More severe retinal damage was seen in the 30 minute group than in the l5 minute group. At 2 weeks after the experiment, partial recovery of the whole retinal layers was observed, especially in the visual cells. At 4 weeks after experiment, the outer and inner segments of the visual cells were nearly normalized. Considering the results of the experiment, it is evedent that frequent clinical usage of indirect ophthalmoscope, surgical microscope and slit lamp biomicroscope could affect the retina and produce damage ultrastructually, even though no significant abnomalities are found by any other means.
Animals ; Lighting ; Models, Theoretical* ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Rats ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Solar System

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective radiologic assessment OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical importance of MRI for the diagnosis of posterior spinal ligament complex injuries in thoracolumbar fractures. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Evaluation of spinal instability is important in thoracolumbar fractures. When simple radiography and CT alone are performed, spinal instability may be missed, especially that involving the posterior spinal ligament complex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-seven patients who were evaluated using simple radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between March 1994 and March 2003 were included in the study. The local kyphotic angle was measured on lateral radiography, and it was then compared to the fracture pattern on MRI. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. RESULTS: There was no correlation between the local kyphotic angle on radiography and fracture involvement on MRI (p=0.106). In 41 patients who were found to have involvement of the anterior column on CT, 25 had anterior column involvement, 4 had middle column involvement, and 12 had posterior column involvement on MRI. In 36 patients who were found to have involvement of the middle column on CT, 17 had involvement of the middle column and 19 had involvement of the posterior column on MRI. The fractures of the ten patients who were found to have posterior column involvement on CT were all seen on MRI. The coincidence of fracture patterns between CT and MRI, which was evaluated using Cohen's Kappa analysis, was 0.434. The sensitivity of CT compared with MRI was 0.741 in the middle column and 0.243 in the posterior column. CONCLUSIONS: Many thoracolumbar fractures are missed on both simple radiography and CT. MRI is essential for accurate diagnosis of posterior spinal ligament complex injuries, especially when there is involvement above the middle column, or when canal encroachment is seen on CT.
Humans ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures

A 69-year old man presented with severe epigastric pain for 1 day. He had early gastric cancer at the antrum and underwent a distal subtotal gastrectomy and Billorth II gastrojejunostomy one month later without any post-operative complications. Radiologic examination revealed a large amount of retroperitoneal free air formation. Because of unremitting pain and unstable vital sign, exploratory laparotomy was followed. During the operation, a perforated duodenal diverticulum at the posterior wall of the 2nd portion of the duodenum was identified. He underwent diverticulectomy and primary closure. He was discharged on the 18th post operative day and has been followed up without any evidence of comlpication for several months.
Aged ; Diverticulum* ; Duodenum ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastric Bypass* ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Vital Signs

PURPOSE: The favorable types of the breast cancer - medullary, mucinous, papillary and tubular carcinoma are uncommon subtypes and their incidences in different series ranges between 2.0% and 8.0%, 1% and 2%, 0.3% and 3%, less than 2% of all breast cancers, respectively. In westem countries these subtypes have been reported to have good prognosis and slow growth rate. Clinically, these tumors have lower frequency of axillary nodal involvement and better 5-year or 10-year surviral rate than the other common types of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine the clinical characteristics and to evaluate the correlation between the progrostic factors and survival rate of these tumors, the medical records of 83 women with medullary, mucinous, papillary and tubular carcinoma treated at Korea Cancer Center Hospital between Jan. 1987 and Dec. 1997 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The incidences of medullary, mucinous, papillary and tubular carcinoma were 0.51%, 1.45%, 0.71% and 0.14% of all breast cancer, respectively. There were 1 case of local recurrence and 5 cases of systemic relapse during the follow-up (median follow-up peroid of 56 months). Overall 5-year survival and 10-year survival rate were 98.5% and 94.2%, respectively. No significant difference in overall survival rate was detected according to histologic types of these tumors but disease-free survival was significantly lower in papillary carcinoma than the other types of these tumors (p=0.042). Standard prognostic factors of breast cancer such as tumor size, lymph node status, age of the patient and ER status did not affect the prognosis of these tumors. CONCLUSION: Medullary, mucinous, papillary and tubular carcinoma revealed very excellent prognosis in this study regardless of tumor size, lymph node status, age of the patients and ER status.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Medical Records ; Mucins* ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Asphyxia* ; Brain* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

We report a case of rare cervical isthmic spondylolisthesis of C6-7 combined occult spinal bifida at C6, and review the radiologic finding, different diagnosis and treatment. A 23-year old female presented nuchal, back pain after traffic accident. Radiologic finding showed the 6th cervical isthmic defect, spondylolisthesis and dysplasia. The patient was conservatively treated about 8 weeks, and 10 months after injury, she was symptom free with full range of motion of cervical spine and she was followed up. Cervical spondylolysis is a very rare condition. This clinical importance is vulnerable to trauma. For whatever reasons, symptomatic patients need to be treated by conservative or surgical option.
Accidents, Traffic ; Back Pain ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis ; Spondylolysis

This study was to investigate Melanoma-antigen gene (MAGE) expression by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR) with the original common primers of MAGE-A1 to -A6 and analysis of correlation between its expression and the well-known clinical parameters in addition to evaluate the clinical feasibility of the common primers. Surgical tumor and corresponding nonneoplastic tissue samples from 38 patients with colorectal cancer were studied. To confirm the identities of RT-PCR products, direct sequencing was done after in vitro subcloning. No expression of MAGE was observed in the non-neoplastic colorectal mucosal tissues. Sixteen (42.1%) of 38 carcinomas expressed at least one of MAGE A-1 to -6. The expression of the MAGE genes was not related to age, sex, histological grades, the depth of invasion, metastasis to lymph nodes, vessel, neural, or perineural invasion. The identities with the corresponding mRNAs were confirmed in 6 cases for MAGE-A2 (15.8%), 6 cases for MAGE-A4 (15.8%), 2 cases for MAGE-A3 (5.3%), and one case for MAGE A-6 (2.6%). These results suggest that MAGE expressions, except those of MAGE-A2 and -A4, seem to have a limited role in the molecular pathogenesis of colon cancer. However, the common primer sets to detect of expressions for MAGE-A1 to -A6 simultaneously appear to be feasible to differentiate malignant from benign lesions in colorectal diseases.
Antigens, Neoplasm/*genetics/metabolism ; Carcinoma/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Protein Isoforms/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Markers, Biological

BACKGROUND: It is important to recognize the independent prognostic factors of papillary carcinoma of thyroid in therapeutic and follow up planning. However, its good prognosis and its low prevalence make it difficult to analyze prognostic factors determining patients survival in a relatively short period of time. We retrospectively investigated the independent prognostic factors for determining disease recurrence after surgery which, in adults, are known to be closely related to the prognosis of cancer. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 456 patients (male 70, female 381, unknown 5, mean age of 43.9+-12.9 years) who had visited the thyroid clinic in Seoul National University Hospital and analyzed the data with statistical software program. RESULTS: 1) At initial visit, chief complaint of the patients was abnormal neck mass in 90 percent. 2) In preoperative thyroid scan study, 82% showed cold area and 16% showed diffuse enlargement. 3) Of the 50 recurrent cases after surgery (11.5% of the total cases), 39 cases (78%) had recurred disease in neck area and 11 cases (22%) had recurrences at distant sites. (Lung 9 cases, Brain I case, Mediastinum 1case) 4) Statistically significant risk factors for recurrence after surgery were male sex, size of tumor (above 4.5cm in this study), extrathyroidal invasion of cancer, involvement of resection margin and no remnant ablation of thyroid tissue using radioiodine. CONCLUSION: Through retrospective study, we presented some clinical characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer in Korea and independent risk factors of cancer recurrences after surgery.
Adult ; Brain ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Neck ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*