PURPOSE: This study evaluated the dietary quality and nutritional status of elderly people using the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E). METHODS: The participants were 204 elderly people over 65 years of age (38 men and, 166 women) in Seoul. The dietary information was analyzed using a questionnaire of NQ-E, which consisted of 19 checklist items, and 24-recall test data. The NQ-E scores and its four factors, including ‘balance’, ‘moderation’, ‘diversity’, and ‘dietary behavior’ factors, were calculated according to general characteristics of the subjects. The subjects were divided into the ‘monitoring needed group’ (62 > NQ-E score) and the ‘good group’ (62 ≤ NQ-E score) according to their NQ-E score. RESULTS: The mean NQ-E score of the total subjects was 61.9, which was within the medium-high grade. The scores of balance, moderation, and dietary behavior factors were within the medium-high grade, while the score of the diversity factor was within the medium-low grade. The NQ-E score was 54.8 in the monitoring needed group and 69.3 in the good group. For the score of the diversity factor, the elderly living alone had a significantly lower score than the score for the elderly living with a spouse. The female subjects showed significantly higher scores of moderation and dietary behavior factors than did the male subjects. The daily intakes of vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C and calcium in the monitoring needed group were significantly lower than those in the good group. The nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR) of vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C and calcium in the monitoring needed group were significantly lower compared to the scores of the good group. The indexes of nutritional quality (INQ) of vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium and potassium were less than 1 for all the subjects. The monitoring needed group had a significantly lower consumption of total foods, vegetables and mushrooms than the good group. As a result, the nutritional status of the monitoring needed group was significantly lower than that of the good group. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that NQ-E would be a useful tool for assessing the dietary quality of the elderly. In conclusion, a focused-nutrition education program and a useful guideline are needed for promoting the health and nutritional status in elderly people.

PURPOSE: Uroflowmetry (UFM) requires at least 125ml to 150ml of urine volume for an adequate interpretation. It is common to repeat UFM in clinical settings because of an insufficient voided volume, which may be induced by increased anxiety. To reduce performing repeated UFMs, we evaluate the usefulness of performing a prevoiding sonographic bladder scan and we determined the anxiety level before performing UFM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled one hundred two patients (mean age: 62.6+/-15.0 years) who visited our clinic due to voiding dysfunction. The bladder volume prior to UFM was measured by an automated bladder scan (Biocon-500(TM), Mcube Technology) when the patients felt a strong fullness sensation. All the patients kept a voiding diary for 3 days, and they underwent the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire, the fullness scale and UFM. RESULTS: The mean prevoiding volume was 307+/-124ml and the mean voided volume was 271+/-129ml. There was a correlation between the prevoiding scan volume and the voided volume: voided volume=17.502+(0.724xprevoiding volume) (r=0.851, p<0.001). Among the 333 patients without a bladder scan and who had UFM performed, 25.8% showed insufficient voided volumes of less than 125ml, and 32.4% showed voided volumes of less than 150ml. However, among the 102 patients who underwent a bladder scan, 9.8% showed insufficient voided volumes of less than 125ml and 12.7% showed voided volumes of less than 150ml (p<0.001). The patients who had a higher state of anxiety than trait anxiety before their UFM revealed a relatively decreased functional bladder capacity (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Although UFM is simple, the patient may feel embarrassed before test. Anxiety can cause a decreased functional bladder capacity. A prevoiding sonographic bladder scan can reduce the incidence of insufficiently voided UFM.
Anxiety* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Questionnaires ; Sensation ; Ultrasonography* ; Urinary Bladder*

Lemierre syndrome is a rare disease that's characterized by internal jugular vein thrombosis and septic emboli. These symptoms typically develop after acute oropharyngeal infection by Fusobacterium necrophorum1). Although this syndrome is less frequently seen in modern times due to the availability of antibiotics, physicians must be aware of the syndrome in order to initiate prompt antibiotics therapy, including coverage of the anerobic organisms. We discuss here the case of an 18-year-old female with Lemierre syndrome and we review the relevant literature on this syndrome.
Adolescent ; Embolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Jugular Veins ; Pharyngitis/*complications/microbiology ; Pulmonary Embolism/*etiology/microbiology ; Sepsis ; Venous Thrombosis/*etiology

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic and standardized「The Survey on School Foodservice Program」that can identify the current status of school meals on the nationwide level. METHODS: This study was carried out in six steps of the analysis of report/investigation data related to school foodservice in metropolitan and provincial offices of education, analysis of preceding research related to the actual status of school foodservice, field verification of the actual condition of the school foodservice site, development of a draft of「The Survey on School Foodservice Program」, pilot study of a draft of 「The Survey on School Foodservice Program」, and suggestions of a final model of「The Survey on School Foodservice Program」from August to December, 2017. Statistical analysis was performed for frequency analysis and descriptive analysis using the SPSS program ver. 23. RESULTS: A draft of「The Survey on School Foodservice Program」was developed by analyzing the current status of report/research data on school meals in metropolitan and provincial offices of education, analyzing the preceding research on school meals, and identifying the actual conditions at school foodservice sites. To verify the validity of the school foodservice survey questionnaire, 1,031 schools were sampled from a total of 10,251 schools and the pilot test of ‘2017 School Foodservice Survey’ was conducted. The final model of「The Survey on School Foodservice Program」consisted of 12 survey sections, 29 survey categories, and 433 survey items, and the survey cycle was set for one year and three years for each survey item. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the objective statistical data through「The Survey on School Foodservice Program」, it is possible to develop the school foodservice policy, which will help establish the reliability of the school meals.
Education ; Humans ; Meals ; Pilot Projects

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic and standardized「The Survey on School Foodservice Program」that can identify the current status of school meals on the nationwide level. METHODS: This study was carried out in six steps of the analysis of report/investigation data related to school foodservice in metropolitan and provincial offices of education, analysis of preceding research related to the actual status of school foodservice, field verification of the actual condition of the school foodservice site, development of a draft of「The Survey on School Foodservice Program」, pilot study of a draft of 「The Survey on School Foodservice Program」, and suggestions of a final model of「The Survey on School Foodservice Program」from August to December, 2017. Statistical analysis was performed for frequency analysis and descriptive analysis using the SPSS program ver. 23. RESULTS: A draft of「The Survey on School Foodservice Program」was developed by analyzing the current status of report/research data on school meals in metropolitan and provincial offices of education, analyzing the preceding research on school meals, and identifying the actual conditions at school foodservice sites. To verify the validity of the school foodservice survey questionnaire, 1,031 schools were sampled from a total of 10,251 schools and the pilot test of ‘2017 School Foodservice Survey’ was conducted. The final model of「The Survey on School Foodservice Program」consisted of 12 survey sections, 29 survey categories, and 433 survey items, and the survey cycle was set for one year and three years for each survey item. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the objective statistical data through「The Survey on School Foodservice Program」, it is possible to develop the school foodservice policy, which will help establish the reliability of the school meals.
Education ; Humans ; Meals ; Pilot Projects

Gastrointestinal hemangiomas are not common and congenital lesion. Intestinal bleeding is the most common symptom of it. Hemangiomas were classified with capillary, cavernous and mixed type. Cavernous hemangioma is most common. Colonic cavernous hemangioma is rare and are usually arising in the sigmoid colon or/and rectum. Transverse colonic cavernous hemangioma are very rare. Gastrointestinal hemangioma is commonly developed in childhood and in young adults. Fifty eight-year-old man who complained of hematochezia was admitted. Physical examination was unremarkable. Stool occult blood was positive. Abdominal computerized tomography show normal finding. Colonoscopic examination showed giant and bluish-purple colored vascular malformation, 15 cm in length with tough bleeding, on the transverse colon. The patient underwent segmental resection of transverse colon for confirmatory diagnosis and treatment. The final pathologic diagnosis of the resection lesion was cavernous hemangioma of the transverse colon. We report a case of giant hemangioma of the transverse colon associated with hematochezia, with review of relevant literature.
Capillaries ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colon, Transverse* ; Diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage* ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Occult Blood ; Physical Examination ; Rectum ; Vascular Malformations ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: In spite of active HIV/AIDS control and managements, UNAIDS estimate that 40 million people were living worldwide with HIV at the end of 2001. In Korea, The member of HIV- infected adults are continuously growing. For improvement of HIV screening and prevention, we analyzed over times the relationship between the changes in initial CD4+ T cell counts of newly HIV- diagnosed adults, sex, and exposure route. METHODS: We selected 1011 newly HIV-diagnosed adults whose initial CD4+ T cell count was determined within 6 months of HIV diagnosis between 1990 and June, 2002. Based on CD4+ T cell counts, the selected people were grouped into 4 as follows: <200 cells/mm3, 200-349 cells/mm3, 350-699 cells/mm3, and >700 cells/mm3. The relationship between initial CD4+ T cell counts, age, sex, and HIV risk category were studied by regression statistic methods. RESULTS: The median initial CD4+ T cell counts decreased over times (P<0.001). In each major group, over 50% of initial CD4+ T cell counts were below 350 cells/mm3. For homosexually infected adults, the median age did not statistically increase (P=0.062). However, in heterosexually infected adults, the median age increased throughout the time period examined (P<0.001) with an exception of female group (P=0.427). The multi-regression analyses revealed that older age (P<0.001) and male sex (P<0.001) were independently associated with lower initial CD4+ T cell counts, but not exposure group (P=0.483). For each year cohort of newly diagnosed adults, the median initial CD4+ T cell counts in subsequent years decreased until 1998 and then increased thereafter. CONCLUSION: These results show that a large proportion of HIV-infected adults are being diagnosed late in the course of HIV infection, particularly heterosexually infected male group. Therefore, we should continuously enforce screening, prevention and prompt diagnosis of high risk groups.
Adult ; Cell Count* ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis ; Female ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening

BACKGROUND: In spite of active HIV/AIDS control and managements, UNAIDS estimate that 40 million people were living worldwide with HIV at the end of 2001. In Korea, The member of HIV- infected adults are continuously growing. For improvement of HIV screening and prevention, we analyzed over times the relationship between the changes in initial CD4+ T cell counts of newly HIV- diagnosed adults, sex, and exposure route. METHODS: We selected 1011 newly HIV-diagnosed adults whose initial CD4+ T cell count was determined within 6 months of HIV diagnosis between 1990 and June, 2002. Based on CD4+ T cell counts, the selected people were grouped into 4 as follows: <200 cells/mm3, 200-349 cells/mm3, 350-699 cells/mm3, and >700 cells/mm3. The relationship between initial CD4+ T cell counts, age, sex, and HIV risk category were studied by regression statistic methods. RESULTS: The median initial CD4+ T cell counts decreased over times (P<0.001). In each major group, over 50% of initial CD4+ T cell counts were below 350 cells/mm3. For homosexually infected adults, the median age did not statistically increase (P=0.062). However, in heterosexually infected adults, the median age increased throughout the time period examined (P<0.001) with an exception of female group (P=0.427). The multi-regression analyses revealed that older age (P<0.001) and male sex (P<0.001) were independently associated with lower initial CD4+ T cell counts, but not exposure group (P=0.483). For each year cohort of newly diagnosed adults, the median initial CD4+ T cell counts in subsequent years decreased until 1998 and then increased thereafter. CONCLUSION: These results show that a large proportion of HIV-infected adults are being diagnosed late in the course of HIV infection, particularly heterosexually infected male group. Therefore, we should continuously enforce screening, prevention and prompt diagnosis of high risk groups.
Adult ; Cell Count* ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis ; Female ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening

The authors analysed 2,653 cases of transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology of the lung to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and its limitation. A comparison was made between the original cytologic and the final histologic diagnoses on 1,149 cases from 1,074 patients. A diagnosis of malignancy was established in 38.3% benign in 48.1%, atypical lesion in 2.3%, and inadequate one in 11.9% of the cases. Statistical data on cytologic diagnoses were as follows; specificity 98.9%: sensitivity of procedure, 76.8%: sensitivity of diagnosis, 95.5%: false positive 5 cases: false negative 18 cases: predictive value for malignancy, 98.8%: predictive value for benign lesion, 79.5%: overall diagnostic efficiency, 87.5%: typing accuracy in malignant tumor, 80%.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung* ; Sensitivity and Specificity