The authors reviewed medical records of 219 patients who were admitted due to the hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH) between January 1993 and December 1994. The relationship between the patient's age and sex, Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) on the admission, location and volume of intracerebral hematoma, Graeb score, ventriculocranial ratio(VCR) and the maximum transverse diameter of fourth ventricle were analyzed. The neurological outcome for survivors was determined two years after admission. Forty normal brain scans were obtained to determine the normal range of VCR and the maximum transverse diameter of fourth ventricle. From reviewing the cases, the authors found; the most common age group of HICH was 7th and 8th decades with slight male preponderance(1:0.75); VCR of the lateral ventricle and maximum transverse diameter of the 4th ventricle were 0.16 and 1.14 cm in 40 normal brain scans, respectively; basal ganglia(42%) and thalamus(29.2%) were the most common sites of HICH hemorrhage in 219 patients followed by subcortex(13.7%), pons(7.3%) and cerebellum(4.6%); the fourth ventricular dilation(>1.35cm in diameter) and increased VCR(>0.24) were the most significant predictors for poor outcome.
Brain ; Coma ; Fourth Ventricle ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive* ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Medical Records ; Reference Values ; Survivors

Meningioma is the third most common intracranial tumor and different from meningiomatosis and multiple meningiomas. Multiple meningiomas without the stigma of Von Recklinghausen's disease are rare. The incidence of multiple meningiomas has been reported in 1-8.9% of all intracranial meningiomas. Although the pathogenic factors related to the multiple meningiomas are unknown, various theories have been studied and reported. The authors report two cases with multiple meningiomas without evidence of the Von Recklinghausen's diseases treated successfully by staged operation. The clinical, radiological and histopathological features of these lesions are discussed.
Incidence ; Meningioma* ; Neurofibromatoses ; Neurofibromatosis 1

Peptic ulcer bleeding is a frequent cause of upper G-I bleeding. Endoscopic injection therapy with hypertonic saline-epinephrine (HS-E) is a cost-effective and widely used therapy for hemostasis; however, 1~3% of patients experience bleeding or perforation. A 70 year-old male patient was admitted with melena and hematemesis. An endoscopy on admission showed the presence of a 1 cm- sized well-demarcated ulcer with pulsatile bleeding at the lesser curvature of the distal antrum. Approximately 28 mL of HS-E solution was injected around the exposed vessel. Follow-up endoscopy performed 7 days later showed the presence of a 2 cm-sized newly developed mucosa necrosis at the lesser curvature of the pyloric channel, which was caused by ischemic necrosis of the gastric mucosa after HS-E injection. Endoscopic injection therapy with HS-E solution is a relatively safe technique, but mucosa necrosis can occur with the use of a dose of HS-E that is considered safe. We report a case of gastric mucosa necrosis following endoscopic HS-E injection therapy of a bleeding peptic ulcer.
Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastric Mucosa ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Melena ; Mucous Membrane ; Necrosis ; Peptic Ulcer ; Stomach ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and clinical features of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Korea. METHODS: Web-based (www.armd-nova.or.kr) registration was conducted for AMD patients aged 50 or more who were newly diagnosed by retinal specialists in Korea from August 20, 2005 to August 20, 2006. Patient data including ophthalmologic examination, fundus photography, fluorescein angiogram and/or indocyanin green angiogram (ICG), past medical history, behavioral habit, combined systemic diseases were up-loaded. RESULTS: Among finally enrolled 1,141 newly diagnosed AMD patients, 690 patients (60.5%) were male and 451 patients (39.5%) were female. The average age of AMD patients was 69.7+/-8.0. Early AMD was observed in 190 patients and 951 patients had late AMD. Classic choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) was observed in 18.6% of exudative AMD patients and 63.4 % had occult CNVM. Subfoveal CNVM was observed in 80.4% of the patients with CNVM. Among the 580 exudative AMD eyes that performed indocyanin green angiography (ICG), 184 eyes (31.7%) had polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and 36 eyes (6.2%) showed retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). Age, male gender, smoking, diabetes and hypertension significantly increased the risk of the AMD among Koreans. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the low rate of participation by retinal specialists, definite incidence of AMD was not obtainable. However, the estimated 1-year AMD incidence in the Pusan area of Korea is at least 0.4%. In contrast to Western people, 31.7% of exudative AMD cases were revealed to be PCV and 6.2% were revealed to be RAP. This discrepancy between ethnic groups should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment modality selection of Korean AMD patients.
Aged ; Angiography ; Choroid ; Ethnic Groups ; Eye ; Female ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Korea ; Macular Degeneration ; Male ; Membranes ; Photography ; Retinaldehyde ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Specialization