Aberrant left-sided pulmonary artery(pulmonary artery sling) is an uncommon anomaly, which may cause significant respiratory abnormality. We report a case of pulmonary artery sling which is combined with persistent left superior vena cava and dextrocardia. This case was identified by esophagogram and CT and confirmed by MRI and angiography. We consider that MRI is a valuable new method for the diagnosis of aberrant left-sided pulmonary artery.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Dextrocardia ; Diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Vena Cava, Superior

Fifty-four marginal rotation procedures for cicatrical entropion and marginal entropion were performed in twenty-eight patients (8 males, 20 females). The age ranged from 4 to 74 years old (meant 51.1 years old). After the follow up periods of 6 to 48 months, excellent correction of the eyelid margin and good cosmetic appearance were noticed in most cases, but nine cases combined with severe trichiasis showed recurred trichiasis requiring reoperation.
Entropion ; Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Reoperation ; Trichiasis

The vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is frequently found among the patients with urinary tract infection (UIT) and some patients with VUR progress to reflux nephropathy. The presence of scarring at UIT is an important determinant in the selection of those at risk of progressive damage. 99m Technetium dimercaptosuccinic acid (99m Tc-DMSA) is a renal scanning agent provides a good quality of renal image as a result of preferential cortical accumulation. 99m Tc-DMSA scan and VCUG were performed in 133 patients diagnosed UTI at pediatric department of Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine from May, 1990 to May, 1992 The results were as follows: 1) VUR was seen in 27 children among 133 patients with UTI. The incidence was 20.3%. Under 1 year of age, male to female ratio was higher incidence of VUR. 2) Incidence of renal scarring was higher in patients with VUR than those of without VUR. 3) Grading of VUR in relation to age, the older the age, the lower the grade. 4) There is no correlation between renal scarring and grades of VUR. 5) In distribution of renal scarring, it was found to have tendency to develop at upper polar area, there was diffuse and multiple in patients with VUR. In conclusion the incidence of renal scarring was related to the age of onset, duration of UTI and the severity of the VUR and 99mTc-DMSA scan is mandatory in patient with UTI even without VUR in order to detect early phase of renal scarring.
Age of Onset ; Child ; Cicatrix* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Succimer ; Technetium ; Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Pulmonary artery sling is a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly which presents clinical obstructive symptoms and signs of trachea, right main bronchus and esophagus due to left pulmonary artery abnormaly arises from proximal part of right pulmonary artery. Aberrant left pulmonary artery courses to the right above right main bronchus and then turns to the left, and courses to between the anterior of the esophagus and the posterior aspect of trachea. One of important clinical significances of the pulmonary artery sling is associated with intracardiac anomalies, and with tracheal stenosis and bronchomalacia due to press tracheobronchial tree by the aberrant pulmonary artery. It has been thought that embryological malconnection between the pulmonary artery bud from left sixth arch and the pulmonary posterior branchial plexus in the left lung bud. We had experienced 21 months old male infant with left pulmonary artery sling associated with persistent left superior vena cava and dextropostioned heart. The heart seems to move to right hemithorax due to hypoplasia or segmental atelectasis of right lung.
Bronchi ; Bronchomalacia ; Esophagus ; Heart* ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Trachea ; Tracheal Stenosis ; Vena Cava, Superior*

The endonasal laser lacrimal surgery has provided many advantages. However, the success rate of the primary endonasal DCR has been lower than the established 90% or greater success rate of conventional DCR. Endonasal fiberoptics-assisted lacrimal surgeries(108 DCR and 149 CDCR) were performed with conventional lacrimal surgical instruments and endoscope. The thick bone of the anterior lacrimal crest and half segment of the lacrimal sac were removed with Kerrison punch, and silicone tube intubation was performed. After 8 to 33 months(average 15.6 months) of follow up, intranasal mucosal ostium measured 1.85 mm in diameter. Of the 108 eyes with primary endonasal DCR, the ostium of 86 eyes(79.6%) remained patent. After revision of the failed DCR, the success rate was 96.3%(104 eyes). Of the 61 eyes with primary endonasal DCR which were performed during recent 8 to 20 months, 54 eyes(88.5%) were satisfactory. Of the 149 eyes with CDCR, Jones tubes in 141 eyes(94.6%) functioned well.
Endoscopes ; Follow-Up Studies ; Intubation ; Silicones ; Surgical Instruments

OBJECTIVE: There are reports that a history of low birth weight, and accordingly, a small kidney could be a risk factor for hypertension and end-stage renal disease in older age. We looked for factors that have an influence on the kidney size to make guidelines for follow up and early detection of renal diseases. METHODS: From April 2003 to October 2004, we studied the kidney size of neonates, who had an abdominal ultrasound done within two weeks of life. We measured the kidney length and anterior-posterior (AP) diameter and compared the values with each patient's gestational age, birth weight, height, body surface area (BSA), percentile, blood pressure, laboratory findings and various neonatal diseases. RESULTS: The kidney length and AP diameter had a good correlation with the patient's gestational age, birth weight, height and BSA. The kidney size was larger in the appropriate for gestational age (AGA) than in the small for gestational age (SGA) group in full term neonates. The kidney size did not have a correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, laboratory findings, such as hemoglobin or hematocrit, and various diseases, except congenital heart disease, which had a weak correlation with kidney size. CONCLUSION: Neonates with early gestational period, low birth weight, small height and BSA tend to have a small kidney. Also SGA patients, especially symmetrical type, tend to have a small kidney. So we recommend high risk neonates to be followed up for early detection of hypertension and renal diseases.
Birth Weight ; Blood Pressure ; Body Height ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney* ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Intussusception* ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVES: Group psychotherapy is known to be an effective treatment program for adolescents who attach importance to peer relationship, but it is not activated in Korea. Therefore, researchers performed weekly the closed, homogeneous, time-limited (10 sessions), outpatient group psychotherapy for adolescents with conduct disorder. Objectives of this study were as follows: first, we practiced the group psychotherapy for adolescents with conduct disorder and evaluated its effectiveness: second, we examined the therapeutic factors which were used by participants: third, we intended to settlee down the group psychotherapy for adolescents with CD as an effective and efficient treatment modality. METHODS: This study was performed two times from October to December in 1998 and from April to June in 1999. It was sponsored by Youth Counselling Center in H city. The case group were composed of 15 female students who were second grade in H high school, and 4 students were dropped out. The control group were composed of 18 female students who were same grade in H high school and 3 students were dropped out. Before and after this program, self-report delinquency scale, aggression scale and impulsivity scale were asked to them. And just after each session, Yalom 13 therapeutic factors scale and satisfaction questionnaire for group psychotherapy were asked to them. And at last meeting, total assessment questionnaire was asked to them. RESULTS: We compared the change of therapeutic factors between the former half sessions(1-5) and the later half sessions (6-10), and the results were as follows: in the former half, the upper ranks of therapeutic factors were existential factor, universality, catharsis, identification with leader, and identification with members in order. And in the later half, the upper ranks of therapeutic factors were catharsis, existential factor, identification with leader, identification with members, and guidance of members in order. The rank of catharsis and guidance of members went upward and the rank of universality went downward when we compared the ranks in the former half to those in the later half. Altruism and family enactment were the lowest ranked in both half. The satisfaction questionnaire for group psychotherapy showed to be helped by participants at the rate of 45.7% in former half, 83.3% in later half. The total assessment questionnaire showed the willingness of re-participation at the rate of 85.7% if future opportunity of group psychotherapy is given for them. CONCLUSIONS: The time-limited group psychotherapy for adolescents diagnosed by conduct disorder was very effectively practiced and the participants reported high level of the satisfaction. The outpatient group psychotherapy for adolescents would be expanded and practiced though there are several accompanied problems including the difficulty of structuring, the deficit of motivation, and financial problem.
Adolescent* ; Aggression ; Altruism ; Catharsis ; Conduct Disorder* ; Female ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Korea ; Motivation ; Outpatients* ; Psychotherapy, Group* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Cystitis* ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to identify the forkhead transcription factor gene (FOXL2) mutations in Korean patients with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES). METHODS: We have analyzed the mutations of FOXL2 gene in genomic DNAs extracted from 16 BPES patients and their families by PCR, PCR-SSCP, and sequencing. RESULTS: No deletion in exon 1 to 3 of the FOXL2 gene was observed by PCR. The PCR products were subjected to SSCP analysis and 9 patients showed SSCP shifts. The PCR products showing SSCP shifts were subcloned into plasmid vectors and sequenced to confirm the FOXL2 mutation. In total, 7 mutations (1 nonsense mutation, 1 deletion, and 5 duplications) in exon 2 were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The FOXL2 gene mutations were identified in the Korean BPES patients. Some of the mutations were previously reported and some were new mutations. This study will contribute to the molecular analysis and clinical counseling of BPES patients.
Codon, Nonsense ; Counseling ; DNA ; Exons ; Humans ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Transcription Factors