BACKGROUND: The wear resistance and hardness of artificial tooth would affect repairing effects in clinic. However, there is lack of professional standard for resin teeth in China.OBJECTIVE: To provide a theoretic foundation for the choosing of the resin teeth in clinic via comparing the wear resistance and hardness among 7 different resin teeth.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast observation. The experiment was performed at the laboratory of Mechanical Engineering College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from November 2003 to May 2004.MATERIALS: A total of 7 kinds of different resin teeth were selected, namely, hard multi-layer synthetic resin teeth (A); multi-layer synthetic resin teeth (B); synthetic resin teeth (C); EMDURA resin teeth (D); three-layer synthetic resin teeth (E); optostar four-layer synthetic resin teeth (F); and Cosmo HXL (G).METHODS: The wear test was processed by a pin-plate wear machine. The result was measured by the weight loss through wearing and the surfaces of the wear scar were observed by a scanning electronic microscope (SEM); hardness was measured by Knoop hardness. Meanwhile, the relativity between the hardness and wear resistance of resin teeth was analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The wear resistance and hardness of resin teeth.RESULTS: According to the weight loss and SEM examination, the wear resistance of the different resin teeth was D>A>G>E>B>F>C; and the hardness of different resin teeth was D>A>G>E>F>B>C. The correlation coefficient between the weight loss and hardness was -0.888 (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: The variation of the wear resistance of the resin teeth may influenced by their different components, molecular weight and manufacturel methods. There are positive correlation between the hardness and wear resistance of resin teeth.

Objective　To evaluate the status of urological laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) technique in China.　Methods　We had conducted a systematic review of literatures of urological laparoendoscopic single-site surgery published from Chinese institutions using WanFang,CNKI,VIP,CBM,GoogleScholar and MEDLINE databases.All relevant articles were selected with consensus and analyzed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.　Results　Overall,205 articles from 66 different centers all over China published between January 2009 and June 2012 were included in the analysis. Of which,there were 26 articles of science citation index papers and 179 articles from Chinese academic journals.The included literature was mainly composed of case series reports ( 133 articles,64.9％ ),comparison studies (13 articles,6.3％ ),reviews or comments (20 papers,9.8％ ),nursing related papers (28 pieces,13.7％ ),animal surgery studies (6 articles,2.9％ ),and training (5 articles,2.4％ ).A total of 1790 clinical cases were reported during the study period,56.9％ of these were procedures done in the upper urinary tract,only 5.8％ were in the lower urinary tract,and 37.3％ were genital or other procedures.Procedures of tumor-related and reconstruction required accounted for 18.8％ and 18.7％,respectively.Pure single-port technique was applied on 58.3％ of cases.In cases of a single-port platform used,45.6％ used the commercially available devices and 54.4％ used homemade devices.Transperitoneal accesses were adopted in 59.5％ of cases and the other 40.5％ were performed through extraperitoneal approaches.The umbilicus was used as the site of access in 58.5％ of cases.A total of 25 indications were reported,including adrenalectomy,nephrectomy and ureterolithotomy,etc. in the upper urinary tract,radical cystectomy,radical prostatectomy and transvesical enucleation of the prostate,etc.in the lower urinary tract,and varicocelectomy,orchidopexy and others. The three most often done procedures were varicocelectomy (601　cases,33.6％ ),renal cyst decortication (408 cases,22.8％ ) and adrenalectomy ( 179 cases,10.0％ ).The overall conversion rate was 5.5％,and complications were encountered in 3.4％ of cases.　Conclusions Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery has been widely adopted by Chinese urologists and largely covered the spectrum of conventional urologic laparoscopic procedures,with most of these being non-reconstructive operations for the treatment of benign diseases.In large,we are still under the initial stage of LESS application in urology.And more work on creative innovation and well-designed studies are needed to further evaluate its role in the urological minimally invasive surgery.

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of the platelet parameters in tumor patients before or after radiochemotherapy.Methods The platelet parameters(PLT,PCT,MPV,PDW)were detected in 65 cases of tumor patients before and after radiochemotherapy by the Sysmex XN-1000 automatic hemacytology analyzer.Then the detection results were com-pared with those in the control group.Results Compared with the control group,PLT and MPV before therapy in the tumor pa-tients were significantly increased(P <0.01),but PCT and PDW had no statistical differences between the two goups(P >0.05). PLT,PCT and MPV after radiochemotherapy in the tumor patients were significantly lower than those before treated(P <0.01 ), but no statistically significant difference in PDW was found(P >0.05).Conclusion The measuration of platelet parameters in the tumor patients with radiochemotherapy has certain clinical significance to observe the status of the bone marrow suppression and es-timate the state of illness.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the therapeutic effect of IF ?-2b plus compound glycyrrhizin on chronic hepatitis C. METHODS:56cases of chronic hepatitis C were divided into trial group(30cases)and control group(26cases).Trial group received IF ?-2b +compound glycyrrhizin and control group received IF ?-2b alone.The therapeutic course was24weeks in both groups.RESULTS:There was significant difference in recoversion rate of ALT between two groups either at the end of ther?apeutic course or24weeks after treatment(P

Objective To observe the efficacy of enalapril folic acid in the treatment of H type hypertension. Methods 196 H type hypertension patients with carotid atherosclerosis were randomly divided into the enalapril folic acid tablets group(leaf group 99 cases)and the control group(enalapril group 97 cases),respectively,enalapril folic acid tablets and enalapril,once a day.Continuous administration of 10 months,before and after treatment,the blood pressure control level,plasma homocysteine levels and carotid intima media thickness were compared between the two groups.Results ,Before and after treatment,the systolic blood pressure in the leaf group were (159.51 ±8.55)mmHg, (138.68 ±7.82)mmHg,and the diastolic blood pressure were (98.11 ±7.44)mmHg,(82.98 ±5.22)mmHg.In the enalapril group,before and after treatment,the systolic blood pressure were (160.10 ±9.12)mmHg,(139.47 ± 7.99)mmHg,and the diastolic blood pressure were (97.88 ±7.62)mmHg,(83.12 ±5.57)mmHg.Blood pressure before and after treatment in the two groups were significantly different(all P <0.05),there were no significant differ-ence between the two groups(all P >0.05).In the leaf group,before and after treatment,the plasma homocysteine concentrations were (16.89 ±5.62)μmol/L,(10.37 ±3.06)μmol/L,there was significant difference(P <0.05), and in the enalapril group before and after treatment,the plasma homocysteine concentrations were (17.11 ± 6.33)μmol/L,(16.88 ±6.48)μmol/L,there was no significant difference(P >0.05).In the leaf group,before and after treatment the carotid artery intima media thickness were (1.28 ±0.33)mm,(1.08 ±0.36)mm,there was sig-nificant difference(P <0.05),and in the enalapril group before and after treatment the carotid artery intima media thickness were (1.29 ±0.38)mm,(1.31 ±0.43)mm,there was no significant difference(P >0.05).Conclusion Enalapril folic acid tablets in treatment of H type hypertension has significant efficacy,it can reduce blood pressure and plasma homocysteine levels and delay the progression of atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of rehabilitation in treatment of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Methods 64 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage according to whether the implementation of the rehabilitation treatment of patients were randomly divided into two groups, the observation group and the control group,and each group(32 cases) was observed at two of the limb motor function,activities of daily living and quality of life scores. Results There were high blood pressure in patients with cerebral hemorrhage FuglMeyer score, Barthel index score, QQL quality of life score after 4 weeks after treatment, scores were significantiy improved by the test showed significant difference( all P ＜0. 05). Conclusion Active rehabilitation in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage could improve the patients' limb motor function and daily life, improve quality of life of patients.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is closely associated with intracerebral hemorrhage. In recent years, a further understanding of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment on cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related intracerebral hemorrhage has been achieved.

Objective To compare biomechanical performances of parallel plate fixation and vertical plate fixation for better clinical treatment of humeral intercondylar comminuted fractures (HICF).Methods Models of T-shaped fracture were created using an osteotome at the distal end of humerus in 6 specimens of upper limb in 3 human adult cadavers.The 2 fracture models of left and right humeri in the same cadaver were respectively fixated with parallel plating and vertical plating.On a biomaterial-testing machine,a vertical load was applied onto the fixated distal humerus at a speed of 5 N/s till it reached 2000 N.The loading was repeated 3 times.Vertical compression displacement,intercondylar separating displacement,deformation of medial and lateral condyles and vertical compression stiffness were documented for statistic analyses. Results Under the same load,parallel plating led to significantly less compression displacement,separating displacement and deformation of condyles( P ＜ 0.05) but significantly greater axial compression stiffness( P ＜ 0.05) than vertical plating. Conclusion In biomechanics,parallel plate fixation has better performance than vertical plate fixation for HICF.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:By retrospective survey meth-od,the drug utilization of IVF outpatient department in our hospital during Jun. 2012-May 2014 were analyzed statistically in re-spects of consumption structure,consumption sum and DDDs,etc. RESULTS:Oral medicine was major type of medicines in IVF outpatient department,followed by injection;total consumption sum was on the rise,and the sum of injection accounted for large proportion. Ovulation stimulants and sex hormone class medicine,vitamin and other nutritional drugs were main drugs used in IVF outpatient department. The consumption sum and DDDs showed obvious asynchronism. CONCLUSIONS:The drug use is reason-able on the whole. But expensive ovulation stimulants increase the economic burden of patients to some extent.

This paper introduces a kind of tele-acquisition system for temperature and humidity data based on the technology of power line carrier,and presents its hardware interface and software design.With the application of the spread spectrum carrier and the power line communication,this system has such advantages as reliable transmission,low cost and high practicality.