sham (P

This paper made some reflections on the development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) nephrology in recent years. It analyzed the strategic position and importance of social development in the field of prevention and treatment of diseases by TCM. Problems and puzzles on this subject had been summarized and countermeasures had been put forward. Preliminary conceptions on development strategies, goals and direction of TCM nephrology had been made.

Based on the "Grayscales average distribution" method which equally distributes the input gray levels to output gray levels, three improved methods named: "Reduce the gray range expressed by the less significant subfields", "Low levels preset" and "Modify the exponent of inverse-gamma function" are proposed in this paper. Using these methods, the inverse-gamma relation subfields code can be obtained easily which can improve the low level expressions of AC-PDP. And a program, "gray scales distribution validate program", which can enhance the expressions of the demanded gray levels range, is also proposed in this paper.

Liver fibrosis can be classified as a wound-healing response to a variety of chronic stimuli,and is characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM)proteins.Hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)are presently regarded as one of the key cell types involved in the progression of liver fibrosis.Following a fibrogenic stimulus,HSC changes from a quiescent to an activated,collagen-producing cell.Each cellular response to extracelluar stimuli must be framed in a scenario.Along these lines,the identification and characterization of intracellular signaling pathways activated by different stimuli in HSCs represent a mandatory step.Drug targets which aim at the extra-cellular signals or intra-cellular cascades are required for ameliorating liver fibrosis.

Hepatic fibrosis is a pathological process in which excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components, occurs due to an imbalance between the production and degradation of matrix. Fibrosis is the hallmark of most chronic liver diseases. It is also the major factor of the development of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Therefore, in light of the regulative factors on different levels and mechanism of fiber synthesis and degradation, antifibrotic medicine can inhibit the synthesis of matrix or increase its degradation on different links. The present situation concerning the study of the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine and natural medicine on hepatic fibrosis is reviewed.

Objective: To explore the relationship between CDR1 and CDR2 expression and fluconazole-resistance in clinical Candida albicans strains, so as to explore the mechanism of drug-resistance in Candida albicans. Methods: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clinical Candida albicans strains to fluconazole were determined by broth microdilution method. The total RNA of fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains were extracted, and the expression of the CDR1 and CDR2 genes was examined by real-time RT-PCR. The efflux of Rhodamine 6G was determined in the strains highly expressing CDR1 and CDR2 genes. Results: The incidences of CDR1 and (or) CDR2 overexpression in fluconazole-resistant strains were significantly higher than those in the fluconazole-sensitive stains. The efflux of Rhodamine 6G was significantly increased in the fluconazole-resistant strains when glucose was added, and overexpression of CDR1 and CDR2 were observed in theses strains. Some resistant strains showed no overexpression of CDR1 and CDR2. Conclusion: Fluconazole-resistance in clinical Candida albicans strains is related to the overexpression of ABC transporter proteins. Overexpression of ABC transporters can increase the efflux of drugs and therefore lead to drug-resistance. Other mechanisms may also participate in the development of drug resistance in the clinical Candida albicans strains.

ObjectiveTo analysis the current conditions of the main chronic disease,satisfaction,reactive and trust,then to make the control policy in community health management base in China.Method Using the questionnaire by oneself,which the contents include prevalence,understand rate,management rate,behavior correct rate,control rate,medicine obey and satisfaction,reactive and trust of 2009 the chronic disease in 2009.ResultsThe total investigate people was 1 189 456.The hypertension prevalence is 8.01％,the diabetes prevalence is 4.41％.To compare with Shanghai and Jilin in 6 aspects,the prevalence,understand rate,management rate,control rate,medicine obey rate is higher in Shanghai.But behavior correct rate is lower in Jilin.Survey of hypertension prevalence rate was decreased,awareness,management,rates,rates of behavior modification,medication compliance rates and control rates of growth from 2009 to 2010.Satisfaction,responsiveness and trust indicators investigated a total of 2268 people,the process of service satisfaction to 93.43％,93.78％ overall satisfaction; to have the privacy of reactivity to 94.41％ of the basic amenities and clean comfortable response of the 90.45％ ; of treatment services for the 92.59％confidence,the confidence of the cost for the 93.98％ of the overall trust in institutions is 92.76％.ConclusionsThe government must take main principle in chronic disease control.We must enhance base construct of community health management and increase management level of chronic disease.We must enhance practitioner's culture ang increase knowledge of chronic disease management.

Objective To determine the effect of interleukin (IL)-17 on the proliferation of fibroblastlike synoviocytes (FLSs) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA)patients and to investigate whether signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was implicated in this process.Methods FLSs were acquired by primary culturing from RA patients.STAT3,p-STAT3,Bcl-2 and Bax expression in FLSs were determined using western blotting analysis.The proliferation of FLSs was determined by MTT assay.Analysis of variance was used to determine the differences between two groups.Results IL-17 promoted the proliferation of FLSs from RA patients and inhibited their apoptosis.The pro-apoptotic Bax was decreased and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was increased in FLSs from RA (t=2.612,P＜0.05;t=2.723,P＜0.05).However,targeted silencing of STAT3 could inhibit the effect of IL-17 on FLSs (t=2.745,P＜0.05).[the control group:Bax (3.814±1.623),Bcl-2 (1.429± 0.311);IL-17 group:Bax (0.972±0.017),Bcl-2 (3.175±1.356);STAT3 silent group:Bax (5.729±1.236),Bcl-2 (0.637±0.006)].Conclusion STAT3 is critical in IL-17-induced proliferation of FLS from RA patients.IL-17/STAT3 pathway might be a good candidate for RA treatment modalities.

Objective: To study the expression levels of forkhead transcription factor(FoxO1) mRNA and protein in the insulin resistance (IR) HepG2 cells model (HepG2/IR) and IR reversal HepG2 cells model (HepG2/IR-PH), and to explore its mechanism in IR.Methods:The HepG2/IR was induced with different doses of insulin (1×10-10, 1×10-9, 1×10-8, 1×10-7, 1×10-6 and 1×10-5 mol·L-1) for different time(24, 36 and 48 h)in the HepG2 cells.The cells in control group were not treated with insulin.The glucose levels in supernant were determined by glucose oxidase method, and the glucose consumption in HepG2 in various groups were calculated to confirm the optimum induction conditions of HepG2/IR.The HepG2/IR-PH was induced with different doses of pioglitazone hydrochloride (PH) (0.156, 0.313, 0.625, 1.250, 2.500, 5.000, 10.000 and 20.000 mmol·L-1) in the HepG2 cells, and control group was set up at the same time. The proliferation activities of cells were observed by MTT assay to confirm the optimum reversal concentration of PH.The FoxO1 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting methods.Results: The glucose consumption decreased by 45.84% in HepG2/IR after treated with 1×10-7 mol·L-1 insulin for 36 h, and there was significant difference compared with control group(P<0.05), the proliferation activity of cells had no change in the HepG2/IR-PH after treated with 1.25 mmol·L-1 PH for 24 h(P>0.05).Compared with control group, the expression levels of FoxO1 mRNA and protein in HepG2/IR were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with control group, the expression levels of FoxO1 mRNA and protein in HepG2/IR-PH had no significant differences(P>0.05).Conclusion:The IR of HepG2/IR is associated with the FoxO1 mRNA expression.The detection of FoxO1 mRNA seems to be an indicator to evaluate the efficacy of insulin sensitizer, and inhibiting the expression of FoxO1 mRNA may be developed as a potential therapy for type 2 diabetes.