The concept of white matter dementia was first introduced by Filley in 1988.It was found following behavioral neurologica researches that patients with this type of dementia manifested the dysfunctions of sustained attention,memory retrievial,frontal lobe and visualspatial function.They also had psychiatric manifestations but language and extrapyramidal function remained normal.10 diseases of white matter disorders are listed for understanding the clinical characteristics of this type of dementia.

18F-FDG PET has been widely used in myocardial oncology and inflammatory imaging.Suppression of physiological uptake in heart is required for accurate diagnosis of some thoracic diseases,cardiac inflammatory diseases and coronary atherosclerosis.There is no unified criteria to reduce myocardial 18F-FDG uptake.This review summarizes the research progress of inhibiting physiological myocardial 18F-FDG uptake by controlling diet,mediating blood glucose and applying drugs.

This study examined the inhibitory effect of topical cyclosporine (CsA) treatment on conjunctiva epithelial apoptosis in a murine model of xerophthalamia. Dry eye was induced in 3 groups of C57BL6 mice by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine (t.i.d) and exposure to an air draft and low-humidity environment for 16 h each day for 12 days. The dry eye control group received no topical treatment; another group received 1 microL of 0.05% CsA topically (t.i.d, dry eye+CsA); and the third group received 1 microL of the castor oil vehicle of CsA topically (t.i.d, dry eye + vehicle). Normal mice were used as untreated controls. Twelve days later, the mice were killed, and their conjunctivas were excised. The number of the conjunctival goblet cells was counted in tissue sections stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reagent. Their conjunctiva epithelium had been investigated by immuno-histochemical staining to detect the goblet cells and the expression of Caspase-3, Bax and bcl-2. Our results showed that compared with dry eye control and dry eye mice + vehicle groups, the number of conjunctival epithelial goblet cells was significantly greater in the untreated controls and dry eye mice receiving CsA (P < 0.01 for both groups). There was no significant difference in the number of conjunctival epithelial goblet cells between the dry eye control and dry eye+vehicle group. It was also true of the number of conjunctival epithelial goblet cells when comparison was made between the normal group and the dry eye+CsA group. Expressions of Caspas-3 and Bax were increased and ex-pression of bcl-2 was decreased in conjunctival epithelial cells in dry eye control and dry eye mice+vehicle groups. There was a significant positive correlation between goblet cell number and the number of cells that expressed bcl-2, and a negative correlation between goblet cells and Caspase-3 and Bax expression. It is concluded that the topical use of CsA could significantly reduce conjunctival epithelial apoptosis and protect goblet cell against the loss in experimental murine xerophathalamia. Inhibition of apoptosis appears to be a key mechanism responsible for the therapeutic effect of CsA on xerophthalamia.

The deletion of tumor suppressor gene PTEN's expression was familiar in many tumors, including prostate cancer. The guide would be given in the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of prostate cancer by studying about PTEN's tumor suppression mechanism and relation with expression deletion. This review makes an overview focusing on the recent progress of PTEN's structure, function, expression deletion, and the correlation between PTEN and prostate cancer.

Enteral feeding is essential to the newborns,especially premature newborns,which related to infants′survival and long-term prognosis. There are different kinds of infant formulas which can be chosed in case of maternal breast milk is not available,but how to choose has always been the focus of attention. In recent years protein hydrolysate formula has been applied expanded gradually in the clinical practice,and more related research has been completed,which have conducted yielding new insights for researchers. Some recent applica-tion of protein hydrolysate formula in the neonatal are reviewed and discussed.

Purpose To explore the ultrasonic features of tibial nerve (TN) in tarsal tunnel of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and to provide the basis for assessment and treatment. Materials and Methods Fifty-four patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into the DPN group including 31 patients with diabetic periphreal neuropathy and the non-DPN group including 23 patients without diabetic periphreal neuropathy, 22 cases of non diabetic patients were also enrolled as the control group, all the subjects underwent medial tibial nerve ultrasound examination, and the ultrasonic features of tibial nerve (including morphological parameters:left-right diameter, anterior-posterior diameter, thickness sectional area and color Doppler lfow signals) were compared. Results Left-right diameter and anterior-posterior diameter of DPN group were larger than those of non-DPN group and the control group (P<0.01). Ultrasonic features of tibial nerve of DPN group included nerve bundle hypoechoic, vaguedscreen clothstructure, thickening and fuzzy of neural membrane, and the unclear boundaries to adjacent tissue. There was no statistically signiifcant difference in color Doppler signal of TN (P>0.05) among the DPN group, non-DPN group and the control group. Conclusion There are some characteristics features of tibial nerve in tarsal tunnel of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with DPN, ultrasound can be used to evaluate the morphology of TN in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with DPN and to provide morphological basis for evaluation and treatment selection.

Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of seven active ingredients(Jasminoidin,Forsythoside A,Caffeotannic acid,3,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid,Jatrorrhizine Hydrochloride,Baicalin,Berberine Hydrochloride).Methods The determination was carried out with Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18(100 mm ×3.0 mm,2.7 μm);The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile(A)-0.1% phosphoric acid solution(B)with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min;The detection wavelengths were 230 nm in 0~4.5 min(determination of Jasminoidin),348 nm in 4.5 ~9.0 min(determination of Forsythoside A,Caffeotannic acid,3,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid),and 278 nm in 9.0 ~15.0 min (determination of Jatrorrhizine Hydrochloride;Baicalin;Berberine Hydrochloride).Results The calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 4.024~80.48μg/mL for Jasminoidin(r=0.9991),2.042~40.84μg/mL for Forsythoside A(r=0.9993),3.956 ~79.12 μg/mL for Caffeotannic acid(r=0.9996),6.090 ~121.80μg/mL for 3,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid(r=0.9990),4.026 ~80.52 μg/mL for Jatrorrhizine Hydrochloride(r=0.9995),3.924~78.48 μg/mL for Baicalin(r=0.9998),6.030~120.6μg/mL for Berberine Hydrochloride(r=0.9998).The average recoveries(n=6)were 96.5%,97.5%, 95.9%,98.6%,99.8%,98.4% and 97.3% ;RSDs were 1.5%,1.3%,1.2%,1.4%,1.2%,1.1% and 0.9% respectively.Conclusion The method is simple and repeatable,which can be applied to the quality control of Xiongju Shangqing pills.

Objective To investigate the leukoaraiosis(LA)influencing factors of sleep disorder patients. Meth-ods 90 cases of LA patients which were conformed MRI diagnostic criteria were chosen as LA group,90 cases of normal old people which the gender and age were matched with LA group were chosen as NC group;by asking the medical history to inquirying blood vessel hazards;pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)was adopted to evaluate the condition of sleep disorders,according to the performance MRI of skull to part LA group as four grades. Results In LA group,hypertension and diabetes incidence were significantly higher than that in group NC(P < 0. 05);LA group,PSQI score was significantly higher than that of NC group(P < 0. 01). LA group with the LA increasing grade,PSQI score increased(P < 0. 05). Regression analysis showed that age,hypertension,diabetes and MoCA were associated with LA in patients with sleep disorders. Conclusion Patients with LA have a sleep disorder, which is closely related with the degree of cognitive impairment,LA lesions,age,hypertension,diabetes etc.

Fluid resuscitation is the primary step in the management of acute circulation failure,aims to make a significant increase in cardiac output,and then providing adequate blood perfusion for peripheral tissues.According to Frank-Starling curve,the positive outcome only occurs in patients within a certain range of cardiac function,while in other conditions fluid overload would immediately increase the mortality. Distinguish-ing volume responders form non-responders effectively is still a serious problem common to adult and pediatric physicians at intensive care unit.Volume responsiveness assessment using transthoracic echocar-diography has become a research hotspot during the past few years,this review aims to make a summary of those findings as well as the present situation in pediatric field.

The scientific outputs are usually used as the main measure basis of the traditional performance evaluation of scientific research in military medical universities.In this research,we design the performance evaluation indexs of scientific research management based on the Balanced Scorecard from four levels including finance,customers,internal processes and learning and growth,which can provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for improving performance evaluation system of scientific research management in military medical universities.