The concept of white matter dementia was first introduced by Filley in 1988.It was found following behavioral neurologica researches that patients with this type of dementia manifested the dysfunctions of sustained attention,memory retrievial,frontal lobe and visualspatial function.They also had psychiatric manifestations but language and extrapyramidal function remained normal.10 diseases of white matter disorders are listed for understanding the clinical characteristics of this type of dementia.

BACKGROUND:At present,there are differences in reporting culture condition of cochleal spiral ganglion cells(SGCs)in circle of primary cell culture.Individual method has poor repeatability,and is not beneficial for practical application.OBJECTIVE:To primary culture and evaluate SGCs of neonatal C57 mice.METHODS:Tissues from cochlear modiolus were acquired from neonatal C57 mice by microanatomy.SGCs from cochlear modiolus were cultured by trypsin digestion,differential velocity adherent technique combined with chemicals.Cell growth was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope and hematoxylin and eosin staining.Immunocytochemistry was employed to classify cell types.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After purification,the call body of SGCs from cochlear modiolus was ellipse or triangle,with slender processes in cytoplasm.Nuclei were positive for Nuen(stained brown).Cytoplasm and axon were positive for β3-Tubulin stained brown).These indicated that mouse SGCs were successfully cultured.

Objective: To analysis the clinical characteristic and pathogenic bacterium of infective endocarditis (IE),and to compare the pathogenic microorganism and vegetation localization between the prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) and the native valve endocarditis (NVE).Methods: The data was collected from 266 in-patients who fulfilled Duke Criteria for IE from May 2003 to May 2008 in our hospital.The demographics and clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Results: There were 243/266 of IE patients suffered from basic heart disease,among them,101 patients with congenital heart disease,77 patients with non-rheumatic valvular heart disease,62 with rheumatic heart disease and 3 with other heart disease.There were 218 (82%) patients with identified vegetation,and the most common vegetation localized at aortic valve,mitral valve,and aortic plus mitral valve in turn.Bacterial cultures were positive in 49.5% of patients.The proportion of Gram-Negative bacillus and Fungi infection had risen in IE.Detection rate of vegetation was lower in PVE patients than that in NVE patients (P<0.01).However,the positive bacterial culture rate was higher in PVE than in NVE (P<0.01).Streptococcus,coagulase negative staphylococcus,gram-negative bacteria showed significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).The spectrum of microorganism was different between the early and the late PVE patients.The in-hospital mortality rate of PVE was higher than NVE.Conclusion: The spectrum and pathogenic bacterium of IE had changed obviously during the past years.Early diagnosis,bacterial culture with correct antibacterial treatment,transesophageal echocardiography,and active prevention of nosocomial infection should be essential for the disease control.

Objective To observe the neuroprotective effect of Copolymer 1 ( Cop 1) in rats with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and explore the clinical application of Cop 1 in the prevention of optic nerve atrophy induced by glaucoma. Methods Thirty adult Wistar rats were rendered for elevation of IOP in both eyes by Shareef-Sharma method. At the third week of IOP elevation, a mixture (1:1) of Cop 1 (100 μg) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was injected intracutaneously at two hind footpads in 15 rats (Cop 1 model group), and the other 15 rats were given the same dose of PBS emulsified in CFA (model control group) . Retinal ganglial cell (RGC) retrograde labeling was performed with Fluorogold 6 d later, and retina was taken after 24 h to compared the density of RGC between two groups. Another normal rats were served as blank controls. Results It was found that lymphocytes were accumulated on the histological slices of retina and optic nerve in Cop 1 model group. The rates of RGC loss of Cop 1 model group and model control group were 10. 24% ± 3.75% and 29.00% ±6.92%, respectively. The RGC density in Cop 1 model group was significantly lower than that in model control group (P <0. 05), while there was no significant difference in that between Cop 1 model group and blank control group (P >0.05). Conclusion Intracutaneous injection of Cop 1 can reduce the damage of RGC induced by elevated IOP.

Objective To discuss the responsibility and quality requirement of head nurses in nursing quality improvement in obstetrical and gynecological department.Methods The responsibility of head nurses in nursing quality improvement in obstetrical and gynecological department were investigated by carrying out surveys in patients of obstetrical and gynecological department.Results The quality of head nurses needed improvement and their responsibility required definitude,thus the satisfaction degree of patients and nursing quality can be improved.Conclusions Through this research,we find that the head nurses not only need good quality,but also should be given definite responsibility and certain service,supervising and management power,if so,they can fully exert their role in nursing work.

Acute pancreatitis can lead to dysfunction of gut mucosa barrier, translocation of intestinal bacteria, damage of immune function. Immune nutrition substances such as glutamine, arginine, -3 polyun-saturated fatty acids (-3 PUFAs),dietary fiber (DF) can prevent dysfunction of gut mucosa barrier and translocation of intestinal bacteria, enhance the immune function, promote the recovery of acute pancreatitis. The article reviewed domestic and. overseas documents to on the contribution of immune function to acute pancreatitis.

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of liduofen in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled, multi-centre study was adapted to compare the efficacy and safety between liduofen and Olfen-75 in 136 patients. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: liduofen group which was received 75 mg (diclofenac) Liduofen injection (n=69) once a day for seven days and Olfen group which was received 75 mg (diclofenac) Olfen-75 injection (n=67) once a day for seven days. RESULTS: After the treatment, similar improvements for rest pain, pain on exercise, swelling of joint, pressing pain of joint, knee joint bend extend function measured using a 10 cm visual analogue scale was performed in two groups. In Olfen-75 group, the rate of efficacy was 62.69% in the 3rd day, 95.76% in the 5th day and 97.88% in the 7th day. While in liduofen group, the rate of efficacy was 57.97% in the 3rd day, 93.87% in the 5th day and 96.94% in the 7th day. In liduofen and Olfen-75 groups, the progressive rates were 56.72% and 55.07%, respectively. The total improvement rates were 89.85% and 92.54% respectively (P＞0.05), and the rates of side effects were 0% and 1.49%, respectively (P＞0.05). CONCLUSION: Liduofen is an effective and safty drug inthe treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint. There is no significant difference on efficacy and safety between the two groups using liduofen and Olfen-75.

ObjectiveTo study the clinical effect of sodium aescinate on the edema of limb tibial plate fracture.Methods69 patients with edema of limb of tibial plate fracture were randomly divided into two groups,treatment group(46 cases)and control group(23 cases).Both of them were transfused with 20％ mannitol(250ml,Bid ×7days).In addition,these patients in the treatment group were treated with sodium aescinate(30mg Qd × 7days).ResultsThe repercussive effect of the edema grade in the treatment group were obviously better than those in the control group(P ＜0.05 ).ConclusionSodium aescinate had a remarkable repercussive effect on the limb edema of tibial plate fracture.

The diagnosis and treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an international hotspot of eye research.Successful clinical applications of anti-VEGF drugs promoted both basic research and clinical practice of AMD.A number of countries and professional societies have established clinical guidelines for AMD management,including the epidemiology,risk factors,diagnosis,classification,and treatment process.These AMD guidelines are mostly based on recently published results of clinical trials,provided good model of evidence based medicine.It is urgent and necessary to have our own guideline which is suitable for Chinese patients.Reviewing and learning existed guidelines will help us to improve the clinical practice of AMD in China.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the expression of EGFR and STAT3 in human la-ryngeal papilloma and its biological behavior. Method: Reverse transcription polymerasechain reaction(RT-PCR), immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of EGFR and STAT3(p-STAT3) in 42 laryngeal papilloma tissues and 15 samples of normal laryngeal tissue, and the rela-tionship between the protein expression of them and clinicpathological parameters was also analysized. Result: The mRNA expression levels of EGFR and STAT3 in laryngeal papilloma tissue were significantly higher than that in normal laryngeal tissue(P<0.05,P<0.01). Protein positive expression of EGFR and p-STAT3 were also detected in a significantly greater proportion of laryngeal papilloma than normal laryngeal tissue by immunohistochemistry and western blot(P<0.01,P<0.05). There was relationship between EGFR and p-STAT3 overexpression in la-ryngeal papilloma(P<0.05). The expression p-STAT3 was correlated with the recurrence and canceration of la-ryngeal papilloma(P<0.05). Conclusion: The EGFR-STAT3 signal transduction pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of laryngeal papilloma,, and the persistent activation of STAT3 gene plays an important role in the recurrence and canceration of laryngeal papilloma.