No abstract available.
Fingers*

No abstract available.
Dupuytren Contracture*

Surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament is undergoing constant evolution. The variable success of these procedures can be attributed to many factors including graft selection, graft placement, graft tensioning, graft remodelling and rehabilitation program. Rigid fixation is probably the most important factor in the success of these procedures during the initial stages of healing. Arthroscopically assisted reconstruction of the ACL-deficient knee using a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft(two-incision technique) is a reliable and evolving technique. Rosenberg et al, described a one-incision technique that allows endosteal fixation of bone plugs within their femoral tunnels intraarticularly via the intercondylar notch. These two techniques are different from their femoral tunnel direction and bone plug placement. The present study was designed to develop a swine model for in vitro biomechanical testing of the bone-patellar tendon-bone ACL autograft to compare the pull-out strength of Outside-In technique and Inside-Out technique. The result were as follows: 1. Normal ACL(N=10 knees) pull-out tensile strength tests showed a maximum tensile strength of 1295.34(N), a stiffness of 120.95(N/mm), and a linear load of 1104.26(N). The failure sites were all tibial attachments. 2. Femoral and Tibial interference fit pull-out tensile strength tests(N=10 knees) showed a maximum tensile strength of 463.23±42.27(N), a stiffness of 33.62±3.18(N/mm), and a linear load of 392.51±95.42(N). The failure sites were all in the tibial tunnel area(N=9 knees), except for one which femoral tunnel area. 3. Inside-Out technique(N=15 knees) showed a maximum tensile strength of 1250.64±75.67(N), a stiffness of 94.31±26.44(N/mm), and a linear load of 1046.92±367.55(N), but the Outside-In tech-nique(N=15 knees) showed a maximum tensile strength of 805.35±54.61(N), a stiffness of 83.33±10.98(N/mm), and a linear load of 685.99±86.32(N)(p < 0.0001). The failure sites were all in the femoral tunnel area. 4. Tensile testing demonstrated that the Inside-Out technique was significantlly stronger than Outside-In technique for maximum tensile strength, stiffness and a linear load.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Autografts ; In Vitro Techniques ; Knee ; Rehabilitation ; Swine ; Tensile Strength ; Transplants

Purpose: Breastfeeding is the optimal method for feeding a newborn. But insufficient breast milk is the major reason why mothers give up breastfeeding. Herbal galactagogues have been used increasingly to treat postpartum hypogalactia. This study examined the effect of an herbal tea containing Chrysanthemum indicum, as the main ingredient, on milk production in lactating rats. Methods: The herbal tea contained C. indicum (27%), Foeniculum vulgare Mill (21%), Pimpinella anisum (18.2%), Carum carvi (16.1%), Urtica dioica (14.7%), and Gardenia jasminoides (3%). Sixteen lactating Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided randomly into 2 groups, the normal control group (NC; n = 8), and the galactagogue herbal tea group (GHT; n = 8) for 7 days. Lactating rats were administered the decoction of an herbal galactagogue mixture by oral gavage or the same amount of distilled water and milk production was assessed by measuring the pups' weights during the suckling period. The blood concentrations of prolactin, cortisol, oxytocin levels and mammary gland tissues were examined to assess the effects of the galactagogue. Results: Milk production was 9.2% higher in the GHT group given the herbal tea than in the NC group and the difference was statistically significant. The cortisol level in the GHT group was 17.2% higher than the NC group. The herbal tea containing C. indicum increased the size of the alveoli epithelium cells and the mammary lobe. Conclusion The present study revealed the potential of herbal tea containing C. indicum to enhance milk production in postpartum SD rats.

No abstract available.
Intussusception*

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which usually occurs in the lower extremities, is the presence of a blood clot within a deep vein that causes symptoms by breaking the venous return. Many cases of calf vein DVT are asymptomatic, or display only mild symptoms. But in the case of a proximal DVT, it affects the venous flow through the entire lower extremity, which results in a post-thrombotic syndrome, or a pulmonary embolism, if the proper treatment isn't performed. The diagnosis of the DVT is made by a radiologic examination. An ultrasound is often used as a first line of diagnosis, but on the other hand, computed tomography venography has also been gaining traction as an alternative method. If diagnosed, finding the cause of the DVT is important, and in the case of a symptomatic proximal DVT, the combination of anticoagulation and interventional treatment can be used towards the recovery of the venous return, preventing complications.

Ectopic pituitary adenoma, occurring outside the sella turcica without any continuity with intrasellar pituitary gland is very rare. So far, less than 90 such cases have been reported in the literature. Regarding to ectopic locations, suprasellar region, sphenoid sinus and clivus have been reported in decending order of frequency. To our best knowledge, growth hormonesecreting ectopic pituitary adenoma in the clivus has never been reported. With the pertinent literature review, we present our unique case with its characteristic magnetic resonance imaging and immunohistochemical features.
Cranial Fossa, Posterior* ; Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pituitary Gland ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Sella Turcica ; Sphenoid Sinus

Primary intracranial hemangiopericytoma is rare and resemble meningioma on imaging study. It shows meningeal attachment, and is usually isointense with gray matter on T1-weighted MR image with heterogeneous enhancement and prominent vascular flow voids on T2-weighted image. Cystic type of hemangiopericytoma is very rare and only 3 cases have been reported in the literature which arised in the middle fossa, cerebellum, and occipital area. Ventricular hemangiopericytomas were reported in 9 cases, and all of them were solid type. Authors experienced a peculiar case of cystic hemangiopericytoma in the 3rd ventricle and report it with review of the literature.
Cerebellum ; Hemangiopericytoma* ; Meningioma ; Third Ventricle*

Breast metastases from extra-mammary malignancies are unusual. In particular, the characteristics of breast metastasis from gastric cancer are rarely reported and there is no common specific finding among the reported cases. Breast metastases from extra-mammary malignancies are often misdiagnosed as benign lesions due to the absence of characteristic finding in imaging studies; however, they also resemble inflammatory breast cancer clinically sometimes. Therefore, differential diagnosis between the primary breast cancer and the metastatic disease is considered difficult. In order to hasten the diagnosis, to avoid unnecessary mastectomy, and to determine appropriate options of treatment, it is important that physicians understand the clinicopathological and radiologic features of breast metastases and consider its possibility in patients with a history of extra-mammary malignancies. Herein, we report a case of breast metastases from gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate abnormal findings of social brain network in Korean children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with typically developing children (TDC). METHODS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed to examine brain activations during the processing of emotional faces (happy, fearful, and neutral) in 17 children with ASD, 24 TDC. RESULTS: When emotional face stimuli were given to children with ASD, various areas of the social brain relevant to social cognition showed reduced activation. Specifically, ASD children exhibited less activation in the right amygdala (AMY), right superior temporal sulcus (STS) and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) than TDC group when fearful faces were shown. Activation of left insular cortex and right IFG in response to happy faces was less in the ASD group. Similar findings were also found in left superior insular gyrus and right insula in case of neutral stimulation. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that children with ASD have different processing of social and emotional experience at the neural level. In other words, the deficit of social cognition in ASD could be explained by the deterioration of the capacity for visual analysis of emotional faces, the subsequent inner imitation through mirror neuron system (MNS), and the ability to transmit it to the limbic system and to process the transmitted emotion.
Amygdala ; Brain* ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Child* ; Cognition ; Humans ; Limbic System ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mirror Neurons