L1 is the major capsid protein of human papillomavirus (HPV) encoded by late gene 1. Based on the fact that L1 can self-assemble into virus like particle (VLP) with good immunogenicity, it has aroused wide concern in studying the pathogenesis of and vaccines against HPV. Nevertheless, there are a few limitations of present L1-based HPV vaccines. For instance, low expression of the protein and the complexity of purification result in the relatively low yield of vaccines. Type-specific antibody induced by L1 also results in the unsatisfactory cross-protection rate. Furthermore, there is no reported therapeutic effect against HPV-related diseases because of its undefined role in virus eliminating. This review focused on the structure, immunogenicity and role in immune response of L1 and the development of and latest progress in HPV vaccines.

AIM:To discuss the application value of retro-mode imaging by F-10 confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) for detecting drusen in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).METHODS:This was a retrospective case study.During the period of October 2015 to December 2016, 67 patients with unilateral AMD (67 affected eyes and 67 fellow eyes) were included in this study.All patients underwent color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and retro-mode imaging by F-10 cSLO.The features of drusen by color fundus photography, OCT and retro-mode imaging were comparatively observed in the affected eyes of patients with unilateral AMD.Positive numbers of drusen in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral AMD detected by color fundus photography, OCT and retro-mode imaging were calculated and compared.RESULTS:Retro-mode imaging by F-10 cSLO gave easier to identify images of drusen than color fundus photography and OCT in the affected eyes of patients with unilateral AMD.In the fellow eyes of 67 patients with unilateral AMD, retro-mode imaging showed drusen in 56 cases(84%), color funds photography showed drusen in 36 cases(54%), OCT showed drusen in 48 cases(72%), the difference was statistically significant(χ2=14.31, P<0.05).The positive numbers of drusen detected by retro-mode imaging were significantly higher than color fundus photography, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=13.87, P′<0.0125).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive numbers of drusen detected by retro-mode imaging and OCT(χ2=2.75, P′>0.0125).CONCLUSION:Retro-mode imaging by F-10 cSLO provides a non-invasive technique and should be useful for detecting and monitoring drusen in AMD.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo design and construct miRNA expression vector dual-targeting on HIF-1α and survivin genes and to investigate its effects on proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells.

METHODSThe specific pre-miRNA single strand DNA oligos for HIF-1 α and survivin genes were designed and synthesized, then via annealing and ligating with pcDNA6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR plasmids in order, two kinds (eight in total) of miRNA expression vectors for HIF-1α and survivin genes were constructed. The vectors, which were most effective to knockdown target genes, were screened with real-time RT-PCR and combined by chaining technology to construct dual-targeting plasmid. The recombined dual-targeting plasmid, mono-targeting plasmids and negative plasmid were transfected into Panc-1 cells, the suppression effect on two genes was identified by real-time RT-PCR, Western blot and MTT assays.

RESULTSThe miRNA expression plasmids anti-H, anti-S and anti-H+S were successfully constructed by identification of sequencing analysis, and they were able to effectively inhibit the target genes expressing. MTT assays showed that the inhibition effect of dual-targeting vector anti-H+S was higher than that of mono-targeting vectors anti-H and anti-S 72 h after transfection (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe effective miRNA expression vector dual-targeting on HIF-1α and survivin genes has been successfully constructed. The inhibition effect on proliferation of pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells by dual-targeting plasmid was higher than that by mono-target plasmids.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo construct prokaryotic expression systems of Streptococcus pneumoniae ciaH and ciaR genes,and to determine their correlation with drug resistance.

METHODSThe total length of ciaH and ciaR genes was amplified by PCR and their prokaryotic expression systems were established by using routine genetic engineering technique. SDS-PAGE was applied to measure the outputs of target recombinant proteins rCiaH and rCiaR. Rabbits antisera and IgGs against rCiaH and rCiaR were prepared. The resistance to penicillin and cefotaxime of S.pneumoniae strains was examined after CiaH and CiaR were extracellularly and intracellularly blocked by the IgGs.

RESULTThe homogeneity of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the cloned ciaH and ciaR genes with the reported sequences was 99.9-100% and 100%, respectively. The recombinant bacteria E.coli BL21DE3pET42a-ciaH and E.coli BL21DE3pET42a-ciaR were able to express the target recombinant proteins rCiaH and rCiaR with efficiency. The outputs of rCiaH and rCiaR were 33% and 45% of the total bacterial proteins, respectively. The double immunodiffusion titers of rCiaH antiserum,rCiaR antiserum,rCiaH-IgG and rCiaR-IgG were 1:4,1:4,1:1 and 1:1, respectively. After CiaH was extracellularly or intracellularly blocked by CiaH-IgG, and CiaR was intracellularly blocked by CiaR-IgG, the penicillin-sensitive or cefotaxime-sensitive strains developed resistance to the two antibiotics; but the blocks did not change that of penicillin-resisting or cefotaxime-resisting strains.

CONCLUSIONThe prokaryotic expression systems of S. pneumoniae ciaH/ciaR genes have been successfully constructed in this study. Both the CiaH and CiaR may be involved in penicillin and cefotaxime resistance of the bacterium.

Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cefotaxime ; pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genetic Vectors ; Penicillin Resistance ; genetics ; Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; drug effects ; enzymology ; genetics ; beta-Lactam Resistance ; genetics

Stromal vascular fraction(SVF)are the remaining cells after removing mature fat cells in the adipose tissue. Containing a certain amount of adipose derived stem cells(ADSCs), SVF also includes many other cells, which may have the potential of promoting angiogenesis. In this review, the role of SVF in angiogenesis after fat transplantation was summarized by intensive reading relative literature in recent years. The result is that angiogenesis and fat graft revascularization are regulated by various factors: SVF promotes secretion of a diverse array of cytokines and growth which are capable of stabilizing endothelium vascular network. ADSCs have the potential of differentiating into smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells which can coroperate to form new blood vessels.

Objective To carry out mutation analysis of deafness-associated genes for deaf newborns and their parents, and to estimate the recurrence risk for their parents to have deaf descendants.Methods Suspected cases of inherited deafness were identified by neonatal hearing screening and questionnaires. Genomic DNAs of suspected cases and their parents were extracted from their peripheral blood samples . Common deafness-associated genes(i.e. GJB2,SLC26A4 and 12S rRNA genes)were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and those PCR products were sequenced for the mutation analysis.Results From 2013 to 2016, 193 cases of deafness were found in neonatal hearing screening,29 cases of suspected as hereditary deafness were screened,and 17 out of 29 cases were found to have mutations in deafness-associated genes(detection rate:58.62%). GJB2 homozygous mutations were identified in two cases and their parents,and the recurrence risk to have deaf descendants was 100%. Four cases of suspected hereditary deafness had GJB2 homozygous mutations,and their parents were both GJB2 mutation carriers. There was one case with SLC26A4 homozygous mutations,and their parents were both SLC26A4 mutation carrier. Two cases were detected to have GJB2 V371 homozygous mutations,and their parents were both GJB2 V371 mutation carriers. For those seven parents carrying deafness-associated mutations above,the recurrence risk of deafness for their descendants was 25%.Conclusion In addition to hearing screening,the genetic diagnosis of deafness-associated genes is helpful to clarify the cause of suspected neonatal hereditary deafness,and can provide objective reproductive counseling and guidance for those deaf parents or parents with deaf children.

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effect of arthroscopy-assisted rotator cuff tendon transfer in treating irreparable rotator cuff tears (IRCT). METHODS: From May 2015 to May 2018, 23 patients with unrepairable rotator cuff tears were treated with arthroscopy-assisted rotator cuff tendon transfer, and 21 patients were followed up finally, including 8 males and 13 females, aged from 48 to 82 years old with an average of(64.3±9.1) years old;the courses of disease ranged from 6 to 36 months with an average of (14.0±6.4) months. American Rotator and Elbow Surgeons Score(ASES) and Constant-Murley score were used to evaluate clinical efficacy before surgery and at the latest follow-up. RESULTS: All 21 patients were followed up for 36 to 54 months with an average of (39.4±4.4) months. Axillary incision of 1 patient was redness, swelling and exudation after surgery, which healed after 3 weeks of dressing change, and exudate culture was negative. At the latest follow-up, MRI showed partial tearing of the metastatic tendon in 2 patients, but pain and movement of the affected shoulder were still better than before surgery. ASES increased from preoperative (41.0±9.6) scores to the latest follow-up (75.6±14.0) scores, and had statistical difference (t=10.50, P<0.01). Constant-Murley score increased from (49.8±7.1) scores before operation to (67.5±11.6) scores at the latest follow-up (t=11.27, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Arthroscopic assisted latissimus dorsalis tendon transposition restores physiological and anatomical structure of glenohumeral joint by reconstructing balance of horizontal and vertical couples of shoulder joint, thus achieving the stability of the shoulder joint, relieving shoulder pain and improving shoulder joint function.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/surgery* ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Rotator Cuff ; Treatment Outcome ; Shoulder Joint/surgery* ; Tendon Transfer ; Arthroscopy ; Range of Motion, Articular/physiology*

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with preservation of the spleen.

METHODSFrom Nov 2003 to Dec 2004, 2 patients with cystic lesions in the body and tail of the pancreas underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with preservation of the spleen.

RESULTSBoth of the operations were successful with the operative time of 220 min and 190 min respectively, and the blood loss were 450 ml and 350 ml. There was no postoperative complication and the pathological diagnosis was pancreatic serous cystadenoma. Both patients' symptom disappeared after operation without recurrence during the follow-up of 18 and 5 months.

CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with preservation of the spleen is safe and feasible for the management of benign tumor in the body and tail of pancreas with the advantages of reduced injury, earlier recovery and less complication.

Adult ; Cystadenoma, Serous ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatectomy ; methods ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Spleen

OBJECTIVETo compare the diagnostic value of barium enema (BE), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in primary colorectal carcinoma.

METHODSA total of 64 patients with suspected colorectal carcinoma received BE (n=39), spiral CT (n=31) and MRI (n=42). The detective results were compared with the surgical results.

RESULTSAmong 64 patients, 54 cases were pathologically proved as colorectal carcinoma. The diagnostic sensitivity of BE,CT and MRI was 96.9% ,96.2% and 97.1% ,and the overall accuracy was 92.3% 83.9 % and 90.5% respectively. The overall accuracy of CT and MRI for tumor T staging was 73.1% and 82.9% respectively.

CONCLUSIONBE can be considered as a primary approach for diagnosing colorectal carcinoma, CT and MRI be necessary diagnostic approaches. Combined BE with MRI is the best choice for diagnosing of colorectal carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Barium Sulfate ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Enema ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, Spiral Computed