OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Chaige ganmao mixture. METHODS:TLC was conducted to iden-tify the Scutellaria baicalensis and Paeonia lactiflora;HPLC was conducted to determine the content of puerarin. The column was Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 with mobile phase of methanol-water(25:75,V/V)at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 250 nm,and column temperature was 25℃,and the injection volume was 5μl. RESULTS:TLC showed clear spots and good sepa-ration. The linear range of puerarin was 18-198 μg/ml(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were low-er than 2%,recovery was 99.04%-99.75%(RSD=0.28%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The standard can be used for the quality con-trol of Chaige ganmao mixture.

Objective To observe the effect of Tongqiaohuoxue decoction on cognitive impairment in rats with traumatic brain injury and explore the mechanisms. Methods 70 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into normal group (n=10), sham operated group (n=20), untreated group (n=20) and treatment group (n=20). Controlled cortical impact device was utilized to establish traumatic brain injury model. The treatment group received Tongqiaohuoxue decoction 5 ml/d, and other groups received distilled water. The cognitive function of rats was evaluated with Morris water maze 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks post operation. And the rats were sampled to test the expression of brain-derived neu-rotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptophysin (Syn) I in hippocampus through immunohistochemistry. Results The escape latency was longer in the untreated group than in the normal group in all the time points (P<0.05), and was longer in the treatment group than in the normal group 1 and 2 weeks after injury (P<0.05), with no significant difference 3 and 4 weeks after injury (P>0.05). And it was shorter in the treat-ment group than in the untreated group 3 and 4 weeks after injury (P<0.05). The percentage of swimming time was lower in the untreated group than in the normal group in all the time points (P<0.05), and was lower in the treatment group than in the normal group 1, 2, and 3 weeks after injury (P<0.05), with no significant difference 4 weeks after injury (P>0.05). And it was higher in the treatment group than in the untreated group weeks after injury (P<0.05). The BDNF expression was lower in the untreated group than in the normal group 1 and 2 weeks after injury (P<0.05), with no significant difference 3 and 4 weeks after injury (P>0.05). It was higher in the treatment group than in the normal group 4 weeks after injury (P<0.01), and was higher in the treatment group than in the untreated group 2, 3 and 4 weeks after in-jury (P<0.05). The Syn I expression was lower in the untreated group than in the normal group in all the time points (P<0.001), and was low-er in the treatment group than in the normal group 1, 2 and 3 weeks after treatment (P<0.01). And it was higher in the treatment group than in the untreated group 3 and 4 weeks after injury (P<0.01). Conclusion Tongqiaohuoxue decoction could improve the cognitive function in rats with traumatic brain injury. The change in expression of BDNF and Syn I might be associated with the improvements.

Objective To discuss the relationship between diabetic macular edema(DME) and visual field defects and evaluatethe therapeutic effect of micro-pulse laser.Methods A total of 117 patients (149 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy(DR) were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups according to early treatment diabetic retinopathy study(ETDRS) DME diagnostic criteria:DME group(n=50,70 eyes) and N-DME group(n=67,79 eyes).Healthy subjects(n=40,80 eyes)were selected as NC group in thisstudy.The clinical data and biochemical index were collectedand visual fields were examined in all the subjects.Then the DME group was further divided into two subgroups:micro-pulse laser subgroup(35 eyes) and conventional laser subgroup(35 eyes).The vision recovery after treatment was evaluated on different time points.Results Diabetes duration,FPG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in DME group than in N-DME group (P<0.05).RF value was less than 15% in each group,suggestingreliable test results.The levels of MD index[(7.81±0.75) vs (4.32±0.67) vs (1.14±0.22) dB],LV[(20.17±4.85) vs (15.34±3.19) vs (4.72±1.11) dB] and sLV[(10.71±1.37) vs (7.22±1.12) vs (2.35±0.41) dB] were significantly higher in DME group and N-DME group than in NC group,and those in DME group were higher than in N-DME group(P<0.01).After three month's treatment,the levels of MD index,LV and sLV were lower in micro-pulse laser subgroup than in conventional laser subgroup(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant difference in MD index,LV and sLV in conventional laser subgroup on different time points(P>0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that DM duration,FPG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR were riskfactors for DME(all P<0.01).Conclusion Patients with DME have severe vision loss.Micro-pulse laser therapy is helpful invision recovery,while conventional laser therapy have no obvious effect on it.Longer duration of DM,higher level of FPG,HbA1c,and IR severity may increase the risk of DME.

Objective To explore the ability of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)in predicting the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods 363 T2DM patients were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. According to the quartile points of baseline AOPP level,patients were divided into four groups (Q1,Q2,Q3 and Q4 ). The progression rate of DR was calculated according to the changes of non-mydriatic fundus photography after a 5-year follow-up. Results With the increase of baseline AOPP level,the rate of progression of DR increased (19.51% vs 28.42% vs 37.36% vs 47.37%,P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that baseline level of AOPP was an independent risk factor for the progression of DR (OR=1.833,95%CI:1.573~1.982,P<0.05).Area under the curve of AOPP in predicting DR is 0.883 (95% CI:0.842~0.924)with the sensitivity 86.1% and specificity 91.9%. Conclusion AOPP may be one of the biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetic retinopathy progression.

ABSTRACT:Objective To evaluate the expressions of cell adhesion molecules CD146 and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1)in ovarian epithelial cancer and investigate their relationship with clinical pathological features of patients with ovarian epithelial cancer (OEC ) so as to further explore the pathogenesis of OEC. Methods Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the expressions of CD146 and TfR1 in normal,benign and ovarian cancer tissues.Results The immunohistochemical results showed that the positive expressions of CD146 and TfR1 gradually increased with the changes of normal,benign and malignant tissues in OEC.There were significant differences between all the groups (P<0.05).The advanced the clinical stage,the higher the expression rate (P<0 .0 5 ).The lower the histopathological differentiation,the higher the expression rate (P<0 .0 5 ).The expressions of CD146 and TfR1 were not correlated with age or pathological patterns (P>0.05).There was a significant correlation between expressions of CD146 and TfR1 in OEC (P<0.05,rs=0.532).Combined detection sensitivity and specificity were 82.4% and 75.0%.Conclusion The high expressions of CD146 and TfR1 may play a key role in the occurrance,progression and metastasis of OEC.They may be used as potential markers for diagnosis,postoperative follow-up and targeted therapy.

Objective To measure Bolton index with malocclusions in Shanghai Fengxian district,and ana-lyze the distinction among different malocclusions patients in respect of gengder,age,and different Angle classifica-tion.Methods Measure Bolton index of plaster models of 348 eligible malocclusions patients who were selected ran-domly from Shanghai Fengxian District,and divided them into different groups by gender,age and Angle classification. Then,Bolton overall ratio and Bolton anterior ratio among these groups were analyzed and compared.Results The results showed that there were no significant differences of Bolton analysis in respect of gender or age(all P >0.05). It exsisted obvious differences in anterior ratios among the three Angle malocclusion class(P <0.05).Bolton anterior ratios were (79.88 ±3.15)%,(78.91 ±2.86)% and (80.59 ±1.55)%,mean of Class I and mean of ClassⅢwere bigger than that of Class Ⅱ.Bolton overall ratios of Angle class Ⅰ,classⅡ and class Ⅲ were (79.88 ± 3.15)%,(79.88 ±3.15)% and (79.88 ±3.15)%,and there were no obvious differences in overall ratios among them.Conclusion Bolton index with malocclusions for Shanghai Fengxian District accord with normol Bolton index of our country.Gender and age are not the influencing factors of Bolton index in Fengxian District.Bloton index anomalies are the important fator in malocclusions.We should pay more attention to the Bolton analysis of class Ⅱ malocclusions in clinical practice,and draw up a treatment plan combined with specific classification.

Objective:To explore the role CD4+CD45RO+memory T cells in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) by detecting the percentages of CD4+CD45RO+ memory T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in peripheral blood of newly diagnosed HT patients. Methods:53HT patients and 43 matched healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. According to the thyroid functions,HT patients were divided into euthyroid subset(HT-A,n =15) ,subclinical hypothyroidism(HT-B,n=14) and overt hypothyroidism subset (HT-C,n=24). The percentages of CD4+CD45RO+memory T cells in PBMCs,as well as the level of serum IFN-γ and IL-17,and thyroid functions,and the titers of thyroid-specific autoantibodies (TPOAb,TgAb) were respectively detected by flow cytometry,ELISA,and ECLIA. Results:The percentages of CD4+CD45RO+ memory T cells in PBMCs,as well as the level of serum IFN-γ and IL-17,the titers of TPOAb,TgAb were all significantly higher than that in HC(P<0. 01). Bivariate correlation revealed that the percentages of CD4+CD45RO+ memory T cells positively correlated with the level of serum IFN-γ,TPOAb and TgAb(P<0. 01,P=0. 015,P<0. 01) in HT patients. Conclusion:The significant increase of CD4+CD45RO+memory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with HT suggested a role of CD4+CD45RO+ memory T cells in the pathogenesis of this disease.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of sertraline combined with brain function treatment instrument for depressive episodes.Methods According to sequence of hospitalization,80 patients with depression without severe physical disease randomly divided into sertraline with brain function treatment group (40 cases,group A) and only take sertraline group (40 cases,group B),and two groups were given Sertraline 100 mg/day for 8 weeks.24 Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) and 20 Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS-20) were assessed before and after 1,2,4,6,8 weekend treatment.Results The scores of HAMD-24 and SDS-20 were not significant difference between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05),but there were statistically significant after treatment (P＜0.05).They were significantly decreased after 8 weeks treatment in group A and were decreased slightly in group B with HAMD-24 and SDS-20.Clinical efficiencies of HAMD of the two groups were 87.2 ％,76.3 ％,respectively,and those of SDS were 89.7 ％,78.9 ％,respectively.Clinical efficacy in group A was significantly better than that in group B (P＜0.05).Conclusion Sertraline with brain function treatment instrument can shorten the onset time and improve its effect.

The paper analyzed legally the following predicaments of legitimization of rural doctors in China:no legitimacy protection for their practice,vague criteria for practicing medicine,conflicts between legal regulations for medical practice and rural realities,and lack of a liability insurance system.The authors,based on an exploration of the legislative framework for rural doctors,made four corresponding legislative proposals as follows:to clearly define the legal scope and identity of rural doctors,to establish a qualification and employment system for rural doctors,to develop practicing norms applicable for rural doctors,and to set standards for their income.

Objective To observe the effects of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on the cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade in geriatric, young and middle-aged patients. Methods Forty elderly patients and forty young and middle-aged patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=20 each):elderly dexmedetomidine hydrochloride group (group DE),elderly control group (group CE),young and middle-aged dexmedetomidine group (group DY) and young and middle-aged control group (group CY).In groups DE and DY,a loading dose of 0.5 μg?kg-1 dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused over 10 min before induction of anesthesia,respectively,followed by infusion at a rate of 0.4μg?kg-1?h-1 until the end of surgery.Equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride was given in groups CE and CY.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,fentanyl,propofol and cisatracurium 0.15 mg?kg-1.Four groups were maintained with infusion of propofol and remifentanil. Neuromuscular blockade was maintained with continuous cisatracurium infusion in the four groups and was monitored with TOF-Watch SX acceleromyography at the adductor pollicis.The onset time,TOF no reaction period,duration of action,the amount of cisatracurium consumption,and the spontaneous recovery index ( T1 25% to 75%) were recorded. Results The four groups were comparable in the demographic data.Intubation conditions,the onset time and recovery index were not significantly different among the four groups. The duration of blockade action in groups DE and DY was ( 61. 1 ± 8.9) min and (53.6±9.3) min,which was significantly longer than that in group CE [(49.9±5.8) min] and group CY [(44.8± 6.4) min] (P<0.01).The duration of blockade action was significantly longer in groups DE and CE than in groups DY and CY (P<0.05).The amount of cisatracurium consumption in groups CE and CY was significantly higher than that in groups DE and DY (P<0.05). Conclusion The neuromuscular blockade is longer and the requirement of cisatracurium is less in elderly patients than in young and middle-aged patients.Continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride can't accelerate the onset time of cisatracurium.But duration of action is prolonged and the amount of cisatracurium consumption is lower in patients with infusion of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride.