This study was carried out to observe the ultrastructure of tongue mast cells in frog, Bombina orientalis. In the light microscopy, mast cells were round, oval, spindle-like and irregular shape and occasionally had one or more tail-like long cytoplasmic processes. Mast cells had many red granules stained with toluidine blue in the cytoplasm. In the electron microscopy, mast cells had membrane-bounded granules and poorly developed organelles. The granules were composed of two parts, low and dense electron density. In high magnification the dense part in the middle region of granule had honey comb-like crystalline structure.
Anura* ; Crystallins ; Cytoplasm ; Honey ; Mast Cells* ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Organelles ; Tolonium Chloride ; Tongue*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to describe the experience of family breakdown of Hwabyung patients in a socio-cultural context. METHODS: Data for this study came from 5 participants, 2 family members and 1 friend of participant by interviews and participant observations from January 2006 to April 2007. Sociology of everyday lives analyzing method were adopted. RESULTS: There were two processes of family breakdown ; sudden on set and progressive processes. The sudden breakdown was unpredictable death of a husband, the significant family member. On the other hand, their family structure and function were broken down through the husband, who repeatedly destructive and malicious behaviors. The experience of family breakdown of middle-aged women with Hwabyung in a socio-cultural context was weakened or severed family-relationships, exhaustion of economic sources, and the breakdown of participant's body. Participant's experience of family breakdown were influenced by Korean culture, the patriarchal social system and the clan-centered family system. CONCLUSION: Hwabyung is the result of a clan-centered family system and patriarchal system. The approach to Hwabyung should involve not only the person with the illness but also their family.
Female ; Friends ; Hand ; Humans ; Sociology ; Spouses

No abstract available.
Liver* ; Osteosarcoma*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to identify the factors influencing the existential spiritual well-being in the patients with alcohol dependence. METHODS: The research design was a descriptive survey research with self-report questionnaire about existential spiritual well-being, self-esteem, trait anger, depression, family function, and interpersonal relations scale. Participants in the study were 240 patients with dependence who were collected randomly from 10 mental hospitals and 5 alcoholic centers and 1 alcoholics anonymous in Busan, Deagu city and Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do region. RESULTS: The forecasting regression model of existential spiritual well-bing appeared to be significant, the order of influencing factor was self-esteem (beta=.36, p<.001), depression (beta=-.38, p<.001), interpersonal relations (beta=.18, p=.001), and not being employed for last one year (beta=-.11, p=.007). CONCLUSION: The development of program which vitalizes the vocational rehabilitation and intervention is needed to increase the existential spiritual well-being of the patients with alcohol dependence by increasing the self-esteem and interpersonal relations and decreasing depression which are the major influencing factors.
Alcoholics ; Alcoholics Anonymous ; Alcoholism* ; Anger* ; Busan ; Daegu ; Depression* ; Forecasting ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation, Vocational ; Research Design ; Spirituality

PURPOSE: This study was based on social-role theory, and purposes were to investigate (1) how depression and health determinants vary with married and employed women, and (2) what factors contribute to depression according to family cycle. METHODS: A stratified convenience sample of 765 married and employed women was recruited during May to August 2010. Study variables of depression, socio-demographic threatening factors, psycho-stimulating factors, and social-role related factors were measured via a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Prevalence rate for depression was 18.6%, with highest rate (25.4%) from elementary laborers. Greater levels of depression were related to women's occupation, higher life stress, and poorer health; lower social support and vulnerable personality; higher levels of social-role related stress. From multivariate analysis, women with preadolescents were the most vulnerable to depression affected by occupation, life stress, personality, and parenting stress. These factors (except for occupational class) combined with economic status, social support, and housework unfairness were significant for depression in women with adolescents. CONCLUSION: Depression among married and employed women differs by psycho-stimulating and social role relevant factors in addition to occupational class and family life cycle. Female elementary laborers and women with children need to have the highest prioritization for community mental health programs.
Adult ; Depression/epidemiology/*psychology ; Employment ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Marriage ; Models, Theoretical ; Parenting ; Questionnaires ; *Social Support ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Stress, Psychological ; Women's Health

Although symptomatic carbon dioxide (CO2) embolism is rare, it recognized as a potentially fatal complication of laparoscopic surgery. Sudden hemodynamic instability could be a CO2 embolism especially during insufflation. A 65-year-old man received laparoscopic prostatectomy for 5 hours under CO2 pneumoperitoneum without any problem. After resection of prostate, it was stopped following deflation. Thirty minutes later, peumoperitoneum was re-induced to continue the operation. Shortly after re-insufflation, the patient revealed hemodynamic instability suggested a CO2 embolism; severe hypotension, tachyarrythmia, hypoxemia, increased CVP, and changed end-tidal CO2. Gas insufflation was stopped. He was managed with Durant's position, fluid and cardiotonics for 20 minutes. The residual was completed by open laparotomy. Re-insufflation, inducing gas entry through the injured vessels, might be a risk factor for CO2 embolism in this case. The risk to the patient may be minimized by the surgical team's awareness of CO2 embolism and continuous intra-operative monitoring of end-tidal CO2.
Aged ; Anoxia ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cardiotonic Agents ; Embolism ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Insufflation ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Risk Factors

Background: Pembrolizumab, an anti-cancer drug, is known to increase the activity of the immune system, leading to side effects called immune-related adverse events (irAE), including type 1 diabetes. This study analyzed the correlation between blood glucose level and pembrolizumab administration and investigated the covariates that affect those changes in cancer treatment. Methods: The information of 133 adult cancer patients was obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR) to identify the changes in random blood glucose (RBG) levels during the pembrolizumab treatment. Subjects were classified into subgroups according to their baseline RBG level, history of diabetes, and the use of steroids, and linear regression analysis was conducted. In addition, a secondary analysis was performed within the group of subjects having a strong correlation to glycemic change, which was based on the Pearson correlation coefficient being less than -0.7 or greater than +0.7. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to identify the risk factors to glycemic increase. Results: The RBG level tended to descend without significant differences in total patients during the administration period of pembrolizumab. Despite the insignificance, the logistic regression analysis presents that the odds ratios of baseline RBG less than 130 mg/dL, prophylactic steroid use, and higher dose of pembrolizumab per cycle (mg/kg/ cycle) were greater than 1. Conclusions Prophylactic administration of steroids and a higher dose of pembrolizumab per cycle may increase the blood glucose level as irAE in cancer patients with a strong tendency to glycemic change.

Burkholderia cepacia is a highly virulent pathogen known to cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. It accelerates lung disease and causes necrotizing pneumonia with associated severe sepsis, known as cepacia syndrome. In particular, lung transplant recipients infected with Burkholderia cepacia show higher mortality after lung transplantation than those who are not infected with this organism. Due to broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance, a combination therapy should be used according to the results of the susceptibility test. This bacterial infection is rare in Korea, and no case was reported in lung transplant recipients. However, we report a case of pneumonia caused by Burkholderia cepacia after lung transplantation. As Burkholderia cepacia was grown from a sputum culture, the patient was treated initially with a combination of meropenem and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and then ceftazidime and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole as a result of leukopenia. After antibiotics treatment for 20 days, sputum cultures became negative for Burkholderia cepacia and the patient successfully recovered.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Infections ; Burkholderia ; Burkholderia cepacia ; Ceftazidime ; Cystic Fibrosis ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Korea ; Leukopenia ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Lung Transplantation ; Opportunistic Infections ; Pneumonia ; Sepsis ; Sputum ; Thienamycins

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was done to identify the nursing care needs of patients in the recovery room. METHOD: The subjects in this study were 127 patients in a recovery room between 6/9/2001 and 24/9/2001. The instrument used for this study was the descriptive questionnaire developed by Shin Hyun-Jin (1999). The data was analysed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and factor analysis using the SPSS program. RESULT: 1) Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sample appropriateness was 0.799 and Bartlett's test of sphericity significant probability was 0.000. 2) The mean score for nursing care need of patients in the recovery room was 4.17+/-.51 of a total possible score of 5. The score of nursing need for different parameters was as follows: Educational need (4.31+/-.49), physical need (4.27+/-.47), emotional need (4.11+/-.52), environmental need (3.99+/-.56). 3) Differences in the needs for nursing care according to the demographics were significant for gender, marital status, operation experience, and departments consulted. General characteristic variables significantly related to nursing need were as follows: Physical need significantly related to the departments consulted (F=2.23, p=.036). Educational need significantly related to the marital status (F=2.55, P=.012), departments consulted (F=2.30, p=.031). Emotional need significantly related to the marital status (F=2.22, p=.028). Environmental need significantly related to the gender (t=-2.44, p=.016), marital status (F=2.01, p=.046), operation experience (t=-1.99, p=.048). CONCLUSION: Nursing care needs of patients in the recovery room are significantly related to educational need, physical need, emotional need and environmental need. Intervention plans and program need to be developed to improve strategies to meet nursing needs of patients in the recovery room.
Demography ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Nursing Care ; Nursing* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Recovery Room*

No abstract available.
Herpesvirus 1, Suid* ; Pseudorabies*